The national immunization calendar of the Russian Federation includes vaccinations against dangerous viruses that lead to severe complications, disability and death. This list of vaccinations is mandatory, however, parents can write a refusal to immunize their own child. These vaccinations are designed to create artificial immunity to certain viruses, which will allow the child either not to get sick or to suffer a mild form of the disease without complications. Consider the issue: children's vaccination schedule.
Why reinforcement with some vaccines? Some vaccines generate lifelong immunity, while others require multiple doses at regular intervals. This is due to the fact that there are various agents that in their time do not raise enough protection to fight the possible disease, so it has been proven that with repeated doses at a certain time, the necessary immunity is achieved.
As for adults, it is planned to use a vaccine that prevents pneumonia over 65 years of age and people with risk factors. The Ministry of Health said vaccines against meningococcus and human papillomavirus are already being distributed throughout the country. This first batch received millions and a half doses of each. Like all those included in the national calendar, they are applied without a medical order, are free and compulsory and are available in hospitals and public health centers.
The national immunization calendar offers a strictly verified schedule of vaccinations important for the health of children.
All scheduled injections are given at your place of residence free of charge. Parents pay for additional immunization either in full or in part.
Routine immunization is carried out with drugs from domestic manufacturers. In cases of a severe allergic reaction to the components of the vaccine, it can be replaced with another drug.
Meningitis: the awaited vaccine. The current calendar states a three-dose schedule for infants, which is three months from January, and one statement for children over 11 years of age. “This is a combination strategy, since those who carry meningococcus are teenagers and through vaccination, they will reduce the cases of affected children,” says Secretary of the Steering Committee of the Argentine Society Karin Vizzotti of Infectology and former employee of the Office of Immunoreceptive Diseases. Although it attacks adults, children under five years of age are most vulnerable to this bacteria, which can also cause sepsis.
Mandatory immunization includes injections against:
- hepatitis B;
- tuberculosis;
- pneumococcal infection;
- whooping cough/diphtheria/tetanus;
- polio;
- hemophilus influenzae infection;
- measles/mumps/rubella;
- flu (optional).
Hepatitis B affects liver cells. The chronic form of this disease can result in irreversible processes in the liver - cirrhosis.
Updated immunization schedule. It is very important to maintain good coverage because meningitis is a disease that is associated not only with death, but also with consequences related to hearing impairment, language development, seizures. Added to this is that meningococcus also has a systemic form with high mortality. The specialist emphasizes that immunization through vaccines offers benefits in different ways, since it directly protects the youngest, adults and eases the health care system: it is estimated that for every dollar invested in vaccines, many more are saved between the treatment of the disease and the consequences. These are very important measures.
Tuberculosis affects the lung tissue. In advanced cases, it turns into an open form, which leads to death.
Poliomyelitis leads to paralysis and paresis. This viral disease cannot be treated in a hospital setting due to the lack of a cure. The only protection against polio is vaccination.
What you need to know about vaccinations and vaccinations
The challenge is to maintain good vaccination coverage. There is no need to have vaccines if they are not used, he warns. Boys who turn 11 from this month will also have to put their hand down. Its inclusion suggests two effects: an indirect one, which is to reduce the number of women who die from this cancer; and direct, related to protecting men from other diseases and cancers associated with the virus.
The schedule consists of two doses separated by a minimum interval of six months. The period between applications is key: if the child received only two doses based on the previous regimen, less than six months apart, a third must be administered. There is no maximum interval, so it can be executed at any time.
Diphtheria affects internal organs, developing first in the larynx. Before the invention of the vaccine against diphtheria, the disease was almost always fatal.
Whooping cough is dangerous for children under five years of age; it does not threaten adults. Whooping cough affects the respiratory tract, causing paroxysmal coughing, during which the baby may suffocate.
Protecting older people from pneumonia. The vaccine currently available on schedule for this group is a 23-valent polysaccharide that protects against invasive forms of pneumococcal disease and mitigates the severity of pneumonia. According to the statement, the 13-valent conjugate, the same as in boys, is one that, in addition to protecting against invasive forms, prevents pneumonia caused by the pneumococcal serotypes it contains.
Hepatitis A vaccination
The average monthly trend of 9% was maintained across all months across all biologics except second dose rotavirus, which reached 11%, while we continue to maintain effective and epidemiologically useful immunization coverage.
Tetanus is dangerous viral infection, leading to death. The virus affects the central nervous system, causing irreversible consequences. The virus is dangerous throughout life.
Measles is dangerous due to severe complications. This virus affects the nasopharynx, intoxication of the body with waste products from pathogenic bacteria is accompanied by hyperthermia and rash.
The data demonstrates the commitment of thousands of professionals and workers in this Portfolio to the health of the people of Ecuador. Help reduce morbidity and infant mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases. Ensure universal and equitable immunization of the target population using quality vaccines that can satisfy the user, as a result of effective and efficient surveillance and management at all levels, involving the various stakeholders of the National Health System.
Rubella is more dangerous for expectant mothers than for small children. Women over 24 years of age are required to undergo revaccination if planning a pregnancy. Rubella is extremely dangerous in the first three months of gestation: the risk of miscarriage is likely.
Mumps (mumps) affects the salivary glands and nervous system of the child. A dangerous complication after an illness is infertility.
It supports the control, elimination and eradication of immune-capable diseases through effective timely surveillance with quality, free, equitable and universal vaccination. Achieving the introduction of vaccines with proven cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness. With human talent, highly qualified and developed in all areas.
Schedule for a regular vaccination program. No cases of diphtheria. Strengthening epidemiological surveillance of immunoviral diseases. Hospital Francisco Icaza Bustamante - Hospital Guayaquil Rodriguez Zambrano - Manta. Francisco Icaza Bustamante Hospital Guayaquil Children's Hospital Baca Ortiz - Quito Hospital Vicente Corral Moscoso - Quito Hospital Rodriguez Zambrano - Matzo Mana Provincial Hospital.
- Eight years without yellow fever.
- Eighteen years without polio.
- Eighteen years without polio.
- Four years without a case of rubella.
- Cases of whooping cough have been reduced.
- Baca Ortiz Children's Hospital - Quito.
Vaccinations for newborns
| When they do | Why |
|---|---|
| Immediately after birth | against hepatitis B (1st vaccination) |
| In the first week of life | from tuberculosis |
| Per month | from hepatitis B (2nd) |
| 2 months | from hepatitis B (3rd) |
| 3 months | DTP (1st); from polio (1st); from hemophilus influenzae infection (1st) |
| 4.5 months | DTP (2nd); from poliomelitis (2nd); from hemophilus influenzae infection (2nd) |
| 6 months | DTP (3rd); from polio (3rd); from hemophilus influenzae infection (3rd) |
What vaccinations are given to a newborn baby? Until the baby is one month old, he is vaccinated against hepatitis B and tubercle bacilli:
We have no laboratory-confirmed cases of measles this year. Vaccines are administered free of charge at any government vaccination center. For all children who are 3 months from this date. They will receive a second dose after 5 months and a booster after 15 months. Children 11 years of age and older will also receive one dose of the vaccine.
The schedule will be two separate doses every 6 months. Those over 65 years of age who received the 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine will receive the 13-valent conjugate vaccine after a year to complete the sequential regimen. Special guests see the pneumococcal vaccine.
- the first day of life - from hepatitis B;
- 3-7 days of life - from tuberculosis.
At three months, the baby undergoes serious immunization against several viruses simultaneously - DTP vaccination along with polio vaccination. At this age, the baby faces the risk of becoming infected with dangerous viruses against which he has no immune defense. Also, the vaccination schedule and table provides for the first vaccination against hemophilus influenzae infection.
Frequently asked questions about immunizations
Because vaccines protect against diseases that can cause complications and be serious. What diseases can be prevented with the help of vaccines included in the National Calendar? Diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, measles, chickenpox, polio, tuberculosis, hepatitis A and B, invasive infections caused by Haemophilus influenzae b, rubella, mumps, influenza, gastroenteritis, human papillomavirus and bacteria pneumococcus and meningococcus transmitted diseases.
Is an immunization certificate important? Yes, because it allows you to record the vaccines your child receives. It is advisable to begin registration when the child is born and receives the first vaccines. This will help you know which vaccinations you should receive and prove your vaccination status at school or if you change your pediatrician.
At 4.5 months, re-immunization with DTP is carried out against polio and hemophilus influenzae. At 6 months, babies are vaccinated for the third time with DPT, against polio, hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae. The final stage of DTP vaccination is 1.5 years. Thus, the full cycle of DPT vaccination ends with the fourth vaccination. At 6 months, the baby receives the third dose of vaccine against hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae.
Every year, Big Mother brings you the annual vaccination calendar so that all mothers know and do not miss the correct date when the baby or child went to the places specified by the government so that they can be aware of the requirements of disease prevention.
The national vaccination calendar adopted by the Brazilian Ministry of Health will be changed from January 2. Boosting between 9 and 10 years of age should be done with a triple vaccine. acellular. Two doses, ideally between 2 and 4 months of age. Pentavalent rotavirus vaccine: three doses, ideally. at the ages of 2, 4 and 6 months. For both vaccines, the first dose can be given from 6 weeks of age to a maximum of 3 months and 15 days, and the last dose up to 7 months and 29 days. The minimum interval between doses is 30 days.
The individual immunization calendar may deviate slightly from the national schedule in terms of vaccine administration.
Vaccinations after one year
What vaccinations are given to children after one year? The vaccination schedule recommends a fourth hepatitis vaccine for children at risk. The vaccination calendar also takes into account vaccination against measles/mumps/rubella and chickenpox. This is a new type of vaccine for children, which should be vaccinated to all children after one year.
If your child spits, regurgitates, or vomits after a vaccine. do not repeat the dose. Do not use in hospitalized children. Start as early as possible. Conjugate vaccines are recommended for children under 6 years of age. The standard master schedule depends on the vaccine used. In all cases, due to a rapid decrease in antibody titers. Protectors, reinforcements are required every five years, covering everything. childhood and adolescence.
Children who start vaccinations later. Recommended for all children aged 6 months and older. age. When first administered to children under 9 years of age. two doses 30 days apart. Children under 3 years of age receive 0.25 ml per dose, and children over 3 years of age receive 0.5 ml per dose.
At one year and three months they are revaccinated against pneumococcal infection. At one and a half years old, the last DTP vaccination is given, after which vaccination against these viruses is considered complete. The immunization calendar also reminds you of booster vaccination against hemophilus influenzae. After a year and eight months, they undergo a second booster vaccination against polio.
Recommended for residents or travelers in the areas. vaccination. In such cases, whenever possible, maintain the range. 30 days between doses. Vaccinate at least 10 days before travel. You may also be advised to meet certain health requirements. international travel. Contraindicated for immunocompromised patients; but if... the risks of acquiring the disease outweigh the potential risks of vaccination. a physician should evaluate their use.
A child who receives two doses of the vaccine after 1 year of age is considered protected. The first dose can be used from 6 months of age. In these cases, two more doses will still be required after 1 year. Review considerations for use of the quadruple viral vaccine under the heading "Use in Immunocompromised Patients" that should be evaluated by a physician. A child who receives two doses is considered protected. vaccines after 1 year. In an emergency—such as a chickenpox outbreak or home exposure—the first dose may be administered. from 9 months.
Vaccination from three to seven years
The immunization calendar recommends that children from three to six years old be vaccinated against viral hepatitis A. At the age of six, they are revaccinated against measles, mumps and rubella. Also, at 6 years of age, the vaccination schedule includes revaccination against tetanus and diphtheria (without the pertussis component). At 6-7 years old they are revaccinated against tuberculosis.
In these cases, use two additional doses after. 1 year of age will still be required. Consider considerations regarding vaccine use. quadruple virus in the element The effectiveness of the use of immunosuppressants should be assessed. doctor.
A regimen of three doses with an interval of six months between them. Contraindicated for children under 9 years of age. Contraindicated in immunocompromised patients. Vaccination is one of the most important disease prevention measures. It is much better and easier to prevent a disease than to treat it, and that is what vaccines do.
Vaccinations in adolescence
The vaccination calendar recommends immunization against human papilloma for teenage girls aged 12-13 years. At 14 years of age, they are revaccinated against tetanus/diphtheria. Subsequently, ADS vaccination is repeated every 10 years to maintain the concentration of antigens at the required level. Also at the age of 14 they are revaccinated against polio.
Additional vaccinations
In addition to the mandatory ones, a child can receive additional preventive vaccinations at the request of the parents. Additional (recommended) injections include vaccination against:
- pneumococcal infection;
- rotavirus gastroenteritis;
- meningococcus C;
- hepatitis A;
- chicken pox;
- tick-borne encephalitis;
- human papillomavirus.
Pneumococcal infection causes dangerous complications of the disease: pneumonia, meningitis, sepsis, inflammation of the middle ear. A child is susceptible to the virus from the third month of life. For children, the drug Pneumo 13 (or 7) is recommended, which forms an immune response to seven common strains of the virus.
Rotavirus gastroenteritis affects the organs of the digestive system. The drug can be administered to the child two months after birth. Prevention of infection with the virus saves you from dangerous diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, which is especially important for the imperfect digestive system of infants.
Meninogococcus is especially common among adolescents over 14 years of age living in an epidemiological risk zone. Vaccines can be given to infants up to one year old, followed by booster vaccinations at two years of age. In cases of an epidemic outbreak, preventive vaccinations are given to adolescents.
Chickenpox is more dangerous for adults than for children. Therefore, this vaccine is included in the list of recommended ones, and not mandatory vaccinations. Chickenpox is tolerated by children in a mild form, however, before leaving for the United States, immunization against chickenpox is mandatory.
Vaccination against tick-borne encephalitis is given to children from the age of four, followed by annual revaccination. The epidemiological situation of the child’s region of residence should be taken into account. Vaccination is carried out two months before the activity of infected ticks.
The human papillomavirus vaccine is given to girls under 15 years of age. It is at the age of 14 that the vaccine administered protects against the aggression of the virus throughout life. If it was not possible to vaccinate a child at the age of 14, immunization can be carried out later - but before the start of sexual activity. Three injections are given over the course of a year.
Infant immunization rules
The national calendar emphasizes the importance of meeting vaccination deadlines. In order for the immune response to form correctly, the body must contain antigens (memory cells) in sufficient quantities. It is before the baby is one year old that the largest number of vaccinations is given, because the body must be protected from the aggression of viruses. If the vaccination schedule is not followed, an immune response may not develop.
However, in practice, there are cases of delays in immunization due to the ill health of babies under one year old. The local pediatrician must be warned about this in advance so that he can draw up an individual child immunization schedule. An individual immunization schedule includes scheduled vaccinations with staggered timing.
Important! It is allowed to postpone the immunization period if the baby is ill for up to a year. However, it is forbidden to vaccinate before the scheduled time, which is determined by the national calendar.
According to the law, parents have the right to refuse routine vaccinations. However, in this case, inevitable obstacles will arise when enrolling the child in school/kindergarten/nursery.
You should not be afraid of complications after vaccinations, because they are easier to deal with than the virus itself.
It is important to be careful during immunization: the injection can only be given to a healthy baby. It is advisable to take tests (blood/urine) before immunization to be sure of the child’s overall health.
If the baby is susceptible to frequent acute respiratory infections/ARVI, it is recommended to additionally immunize him against meningococcal/pneumococcal infection. These viruses cause severe forms of meningitis/pneumonia with dangerous complications. Children with chronic bronchitis, tonsillitis and pharyngitis are strongly recommended to be vaccinated against strains of meningococcus/pneumococcus.
How to get rid of postpartum hemorrhoids?
- According to statistics, every pregnant woman increases the risk of developing an unpleasant disease from the second trimester.
- Half of pregnant women suffer from hemorrhoids, the disease develops quickly and most often women treat the consequences rather than do prevention.
- According to statistics, half of the patients are people aged 21-30 years, in their prime. Another third (26-30%) are aged 31-40 years.
- Doctors recommend treating hemorrhoids in a timely manner, as well as preventing it, not letting the disease progress, and being attentive to your health.
But effective remedy for hemorrhoids! Follow the link and find out how Anna got rid of her illness...
In this article we will analyze the features of the latest Vaccination Calendar, based on modern European experience, as well as the features of storage and use of vaccines.
Vaccination calendar for children 2017
In Ukraine, on January 1, 2015, the vaccination calendar, approved by Order No. 551 of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine, came into force, which is still relevant today. Experts emphasize that new calendar Vaccinations for children are developed in accordance with the European vision of vaccination and infection prevention.
| Age | Vaccination against |
| 1 day | |
| 3-5 days | |
| 1 month |
Hepatitis B |
| 2 months | |
| 4 months |
Poliomyelitis Haemophilus influenzae infection |
| 6 months |
Hepatitis B Poliomyelitis. |
| 12 months | |
| 18 months |
Poliomyelitis. |
| 6 years |
Diphtheria, tetanus. Poliomyelitis. |
| 7 years |
Tuberculosis (BCG) |
| 14 years old |
Poliomyelitis. |
| 16 years old |
Diphtheria, tetanus. |
| 28 years old |
Important! All vaccinations are carried out after the child is examined by a doctor and undergoes general clinical blood and urine tests (which we so often forget about). There are contraindications for vaccinations.
Each vaccination must be carried out in accordance with the specified calendar, but if you are late, find out from our article Interval between vaccinations.
Vaccinations for VIL-infected children are performed depending on the clinical situation (stage and immune status of the baby) and are coordinated by an immunologist.
In addition to the mandatory ones, there are also those that are carried out according to the indications or wishes of the parents.
Which vaccines are better?
We do not focus on trademarks, brands and names of vaccines, because this is not important. But the shelf life, integrity of the ampoule and adherence to temperature conditions during transportation and storage of the vaccine are the key to high-quality and safe vaccination. Otherwise, we will not inject a vaccine, but something vaguely reminiscent of it.
How to use vaccines correctly
Before using the drug medical worker must carefully check the correspondence of the inscription on the box or packaging, on the ampoule or bottle and their integrity. If the seal of the ampoule (vial) is broken, there is no marking or information on the label, if there are foreign impurities in the drug itself, if storage conditions are violated and the period of use has expired, the vaccine product is considered unsuitable for use.
A healthcare worker must remove the vaccine from the refrigerator in your presence.
The contents of the ampoule or vial should be warmed to room temperature (you can warm it with your own hands). If the vaccine is given to you warm, you have the right to demand that it be replaced, since it is not known how long it has been warm.
Ampoules or vials with the vaccine are opened immediately before use and their contents are used immediately. It is prohibited to transfer open ampoules (vials) from one room to another. If such transfer is necessary, they should be carefully covered with a sterile napkin.
Conditions for storing and transporting the vaccine if you bought it yourself
For most vaccines, the cold temperature regime is very important. In order to transport a bottle or ampoule, you need to buy refrigerant and cool it in the freezer. If refrigerant is not available, you can use two small plastic bottles of frozen water or a thermos with ice for this purpose.
For transportation of most drugs, the optimal temperature is 2-6 degrees. If you have a thermos bag, that’s great, but if you don’t, you can simply use any bag in which you put bottles with ice or refrigerants and the vaccine you purchased for vaccination, wrapped in foil or any bag (so as not to damage the markings of the bottle or ampoule).
The vaccine must be used within 48 hours.
When purchasing a vaccine, make sure that the expiration date has not expired and that the ampoule is not damaged and does not have sediment, flakes or impurities. Use vaccinations only from well-known companies with a good reputation and extensive experience.
Should children be vaccinated?
Refusal to vaccinate is a violation of the child’s right to health and is considered in the European Union as a lack of parental care.
There are groups of people who oppose vaccination. Their arguments always emphasize the unacceptability of the “huge number of complications of vaccination.” But we should not forget that vaccination has become a “victim” of its own success - we have all begun to forget the severity of the diseases for which we are vaccinated in our time, but previously they served as a kind of “natural selection” when out of 15 children in a family, 6-7 survived. And paramedics (homeopaths, osteopaths, healers), biologists and philosophers, and politicians often participate in the anti-vaccination movement. Most of them have nothing to do with practical medicine, the creation of vaccines and especially pediatrics.
According to estimates, every year, thanks to vaccination, it is possible to prevent 3 million deaths and save 750 thousand children from disability. These numbers speak eloquently for themselves, so the emphasis should be on the quality of vaccination, and not on its complete abolition.
Before you start vaccination, please read the following information:
And a few more important rules successful vaccination:
- Do not combine a regular visit to the doctor with a routine vaccination; separate these two important events, because in this case the risk of waiting in line increases, and this risks contact with children with colds.
- If you have to wait for vaccination in a stuffy room, surrounded by other people waiting, get in line and go outside.
- Carry with you brine and periodically clean the child’s nose with it (2-3 drops in each nostril).
- Make sure your child doesn't get cold or overheated while waiting for vaccination.
- In extreme heat or severe frosts, it is worth postponing vaccination until the temperature conditions have leveled off.
- If one of the family members who is in contact with the child is sick, it is better to refrain from vaccinating until everyone in the house is healthy.
- 2 days before and 3 days after vaccination is the time when it is better to isolate the baby. Refrain from visiting friends or relatives and do not invite guests yourself.
- And of course, you should not vaccinate yourself; vaccinate only in specially organized rooms. preventive vaccinations, which, if necessary, should contain everything to provide emergency medical care.
We express special gratitude to Oksana Vlasova, a gastroenterologist of the highest category, for preparing this material.
