It is impossible to learn to read and write without knowing the alphabet or alphabet. They contain ordered letters, which are a graphic representation of sounds. It can be difficult for a child to remember letters: he does not always form stable associations between an iconic symbol and the vivid sound of a separate fragment of speech. This was taken into account by the compilers of the Russian alphabet. In the alphabet psychological characteristics perceptions of the sign system are almost not taken into account. What is the alphabet and the alphabet?
The Greeks added vowels to the Phoenician alphabet because they are fundamental in Indo-European languages, so it would be better to say that the Greeks adapted the Phoenician alphabet to their language, rather than that they improved it, since the Phoenician alphabet fulfilled the role for which it was intended created in an impeccable way: to convey the Phoenician language. Passing on the prejudices of native languages to others is a very common serious mistake. Of course, this is not a problem for the Japanese because in their language both sounds are allophones, meaning they are variations in the pronunciation of the same letter.
Definition
ABC- this is a systematic arrangement of letters of any writing system and at the same time a book for basic literacy training. In the alphabet, each letter is endowed with a symbolic meaning, making it easier to remember the letter sign.
Alphabet- a set of letters corresponding to the sound system of the language and arranged according to the principle of unambiguity of the graphic image. The letters in the alphabet have no additional semantic meaning other than the one that coincides with the sound they denote.
Writing systems began as pictographic, then ideographic, and finally phonetic only. The problem with this statement is that it seems to convey the idea of a linear progression, from crude and childish pictograms to modern phonetic systems. However, the four original writing systems created in China, Sumer, Central America and Egypt were not only pictographic and ideographic, but also included many phonetic elements that became increasingly important over time.
There were never purely pictographic or ideographic systems, but from the very beginning they were logo-phonographic. Moreover, despite what popular belief might lead us to believe, these systems have not been simplified over time, but the opposite is true. However, in the New Kingdom the figure increased to over six thousand, although most were unlikely to be used. The same thing happened with the Sumerians, Mayans or Chinese. Logophonic systems have never been "simplified" throughout their history, but they have never stopped incorporating new characters.
Comparison
The name “ABC” comes from the letters Az and Buki, with which the study of literacy began in Russian schools XIX century.
In the Russian alphabet, each letter initially had its own name. For example, the letter A was written as “Az”, which in the Old Church Slavonic language corresponded to the modern pronoun I; the letter D was read as “Good” - wealth, generosity; The letter G was called “Verb” - speech, speaking.
So, how did the alphabet come about? Villages surrounding the areas where writing was invented soon adapted these systems to represent their languages. The problem is that the original systems were not designed to represent new users' phonetics and grammar. As a result, a process of transformation was inevitable in which the phonetic element prevailed over the logography. There are two striking examples of this transformation: Japanese and Akkadian. The Akkadians spoke a Semitic language, radically different from Sumerian, so they had no choice but to adapt Sumerian ideograms.
Letter-symbols were remembered more easily than their simple graphic representation, although difficulty arose in syllabic reading: the child was forced to isolate an abstract sign from a semantic concept.
The modern alphabet consists of letters that do not have a special name. But it is equipped with associative illustrations, thanks to which the letters are much easier to remember than simply learning them in alphabetical order.
As a result, most of the characters came to represent sounds, and since the basic phonetic unit of the Sumerian language was the syllable, they created a mixture of syllabics and ideograms. The Japanese did the same with the Chinese, also creating dictionaries based on Chinese writing, while at the same time using characters as such. The culture from which the writing systems came had a prestige so overwhelming in every respect that to reject the original ideograms would be considered a sign of barbarism.
We may think that the position of the Akkadians and Japanese is somewhat foolish in rejecting the supposed advantages of a more practical writing system such as the syllable. A reform that eliminated one of the two letters would have caused all sorts of protests about the eradication of the cultural heritage of our civilization, as it actually was. And if in this case we are talking about only a few letters, we can imagine what it would mean to abandon thousands of ideograms representing a whole complex of cultural, historical and religious values.
The alphabet has the same sequence of letter symbols as the alphabet. However, apart from the graphic representation of the letters, it does not contain any additional information that would speed up or facilitate the memorization process.
The name “Alphabet” is of Greek origin: like the Russian alphabet, it is formed from the letters with which the systemic alphabetical series began. IN Greek they corresponded alpha And beta.
One of the few times this phenomenon has occurred is in South Korea, where Hangul has almost completely replaced Chinese ideograms. The fact is that systems soon emerged that were almost entirely phonetic, usually from cultures that had no direct contact with the civilizations that created writing or adapted it to others that had already initiated the process of transformation. A notable example is the Persian cuneate, a purely phonetic system borrowed from the Babylonians and Assyrians, who, as we have seen, had already adapted the original Sumerian writing system to their language.
Conclusions website
- The alphabet and alphabet have the same letter composition, but they differ in the history of their origin.
- The alphabet was developed on the basis of the Old Church Slavonic language and had a symbolic name for each letter.
- The alphabet contains only a graphic representation of letters, without additional associative information.
- The modern alphabet is simplified as much as possible and is close to the alphabet, but it uses illustrations and other visual materials that help quick memorization letters, as well as the acquisition of stable reading and writing skills.
How does the Russian alphabet differ from the alphabet?
This would probably increase the number of logograms to several thousand. When we look at the evolution of writing systems, it is clear that in almost all cases the evolution phonetic system was carried out by cultures that adapted the original systems of writing logophones. In particular, it should be noted that, with one exception, all artificial phonographic systems are syllabic in nature, i.e. consist of the creation of syllables in which most of the characters represent a syllable, although sometimes also vowels or some isolated consonants.
I wanted to get to know our writing and our language better. So, for those who don’t know, after the revolution our alphabet was replaced by the alphabet. Previously, each letter carried not only a sound, but also a deep meaning. In the future I plan to make a small selection interesting articles(without getting into the jungle of linguistics) about our writing, and our alphabet. So let's begin....
The exception, of course, is the Phoenician alphabet and its related areas, used to represent Semitic languages. The reason why the Phoenicians and their relatives adopted the revolutionary custom of using symbols to represent non-syllables, but isolated phonemes, naturally, as we have already mentioned, vowels are not important for Semitic languages. However, the major step had already been taken by the Egyptians, who created a log-phonographic system in which many symbols represented only consonants. It is currently debated whether the Phoenicians based their writing system on other previous alphabets inspired by Egyptian or Sumerian-Akkadian writing, but it is clear that we owe the invention of the alphabet to the fact that the languages of the Near East were dominated by Semites.
This is what the pre-revolutionary alphabet looked like, which was later turned into an alphabet
Let's look at the first three letters of the alphabet - Az, Buki, Vedi.
Az- "I".
Beeches(beeches) - letters, writing.
Lead(vede) - “knew”, perfect past tense of “vediti” - to know, to know.
Combining the acrophonic names of the first three letters ABCs, we get the following phrase: Az, Buki, Vedi - I know the letters. All subsequent letters of the ABC are combined into phrases:
More specifically, the Phoenicians spoke a Semitic language. This is because the syllable is a fundamental phonetic unit in almost every non-Semitic language. Sequoyah received no formal education at English, but by contacting settlers in the area, he was able to learn of the existence of writing.
Although he apparently did not learn to read English, he understood the basics of the system. However, when he created his own writing system based on Latin alphabet, he conceived the syllabary because it was a more natural option and despite being exposed to the "higher" concept of the alphabet. The advantage of the alphabet is the small number of symbols required for writing: a few dozen compared to the thousands of the log-phonographic system. However, here we find another myth.
Verb- “word”, and not only spoken, but also written.
Good- “property, acquired wealth.”
Eat(naturally) - 3rd l. units h. from the verb “to be”.
The verb is good: the word is an asset.
Live(instead of the second “and” the letter “yat” was previously written, pronounced live) - imperative mood, plural of “to live” - “to live in work, and not vegetate.”
Writing in ancient Egypt and China was so complex that it was in the hands of an elite who were interested in making it as difficult as possible to maintain their privileges. The alphabet democratized writing and made it accessible to everyone. This kind of nonsense is repeated over and over again in thousands of textbooks. No one doubts that learning thousands of characters to write is more difficult than memorizing just twenty or thirty. No one doubts that Egyptian scribes wanted to maintain their privileges, but how was the level of illiteracy in Europe before the Industrial Revolution similar to that of other regions of the world with more complex writing systems?
Zelo(transmitted the combination dz = voiced ts) - “zealously, with zeal.”
Earth- “planet Earth and its inhabitants, earthlings.”
AND-conjunction "and".
Izhe- “those who are the same.”
Kako- “like”, “like”.
People- "reasonable beings."
Live well, earth, and like people: live working hard, earthlings, and as befits people.
How is it that until several centuries ago only a small percentage of the European population knew how to write? It takes our children many years to learn to write and read correctly, despite the goodness of the alphabet. In fact, although there is some contradiction according to which source, illiteracy in China is very low, and in the case of Japan, below the average level of European countries. Naturally, Chinese or Japanese children do not know all ideograms, but you must understand that the concept of written comprehension is different for them: a Chinese or Japanese child sometimes learns something by learning to write.
Think(written with the letter “yat”, pronounced “think”, the same as “live”) - imperative mood, plural from “to think, to comprehend with the mind.”
Our- “our” in the usual meaning.
He- “that one” in the meaning of “single, united”.
Chambers(peace) - “the basis (of the universe).” Compare “to rest” - “to be based on...”.
Think about our peace: comprehend our universe.
For example, a ten-year-old Spaniard will be able to read a text about quantum mechanics without problems, unlike his Japanese counterpart, but it will not benefit him much because he does not understand what many words mean. Therefore, logic systems are undoubtedly more complex, but it has yet to be proven that they are less practical. Before the advent of modern personal computers, however, these systems were at a disadvantage when it came to publishing books, since a Chinese printer is more bulky than one using alphabet types.
Rtsy(rtsi) - imperative mood: “speak, utter, read aloud.” Compare “speech”.
Word- "transmitting knowledge".
Firmly- “confidently, confidently.”
Rtsy word is firm - bring knowledge with conviction.
UK- the basis of knowledge, doctrine. Wed. science, teach, skill, custom.
Firth, f(ъ)рътъ - “fertilizes.” The alphabet recorded the difference between the sounds “p” and “f”, as well as their voiced counterparts “b” and “v.” In the Middle Ages, South Europeans pronounced “f” instead of “p” ”, in Rus' they were called fryags precisely because of the peculiarities of speech: this, for example, distinguished the southern Franks from the northern Prussians, the Thracians from the Persians, etc.
But these days, new technologies make it possible to publish documents with ideograms in the same way as using the alphabet. Finally, what has not been proven is the advantage of alphabets over syllables. In this case, the difference in the number of characters is not large enough to offer a clear "practical" advantage. In fact, some studies show that it is easier to learn to read using syllables.
Have you ever encountered a scam attempt in your inbox: there are many messages that pretend to be a bank or some online investment portal that, under this masquerade, seeks to connect you with a warning or an offer to obtain your personal information.
Her- “divine, given from above.” Compare German Negg (lord, God), Greek “hiero-” (divine), English, hero (hero), as well as the Russian name of God - Horse.
Uk fart Her: knowledge is fertilized by the Almighty, knowledge is the gift of God.
Tsy(qi, tsti) - “sharpen, penetrate, delve, dare.”
Worm(worm) - “he who sharpens, penetrates.”
Sh(t)a(Ш, Ш) - “what” in the meaning “to”.
Until the security gap is resolved, it is recommended that you never use a link that comes via email or the like. The word "alphabet" comes from the first two letters Greek alphabet: alpha and beta. The oldest phonetic alphabet we know is Ugarit, discovered in Syria.
Cuneiform characters were found in the city of Ugarit on the Syrian coast in Hadiya, 30 letters and were written from left to right. The alphabet we use is related to the Phoenicians. They consisted of 22 letters without vowels, but were used as the basis of the ancient Greek alphabet, which in turn was adapted by the Romans and is essentially the same as the one we use today.
b, b (er/er, ъръ)- represents variants of one letter, meaning an indefinite short vowel, close to e.
The rolling sound “r” is pronounced with the obligatory initial aspiration (initial “ъ”) and echo (final “ъ”). The word “ъръ”, apparently, meant the existing, eternal, hidden, space-time, inaccessible to the human mind, a light , Sun. In all likelihood, “Ъръ” is one of the most ancient words of modern civilization, cf. Egyptian Ra - Sun, God.
Text that deliberately excludes a letter from the alphabet is called a lipogram. And because he didn't like the sigma of writing, he omitted it in two of his poems. According to the Roman historian Quinto Curcio Rufo, this shows that the lipogram is "the oldest systematic art of Western literature."
Trifioro, three centuries later, wrote his "Odyssey" in several volumes and the first, which had no alpha, the second had no beta, the third had no third, etc. English translation does not use it, even though it is the most common letter in both languages.
The word “time” itself contains the same root, since the initial “v” developed precisely from “ъ”.
Many native Russian words contain this root, for example: morning - “from the Sun” (root ut-from there, there); evening (vek-r) - “the age of Ra, the expiring time of the Sun.” In the sense of “space, Universe” the Russian “rama” comes from the same root. The word “paradise” means: “many Suns” = “the abode of the gods (God Ra).” The self-name of the gypsies “Rum, Roma” - “free”, “God in me”, “I am the Universe”, hence Indian Rama. In the sense of “light, luminary, source of light”: the cry “hurray!” means - “towards the Sun!”, bright - “like sunlight”, “rainbow”, etc. In the ABC, in all likelihood, the word “Ър(а)” is in the genitive case with the meaning of “Existing”.
Yus(yus small) - “light, old Russian yas.” In modern Russian, the root “yas” is preserved, for example, in the word “clear.”
Yat(yati) - “comprehend, have.” Compare: withdraw, take, etc.
Tsy, cherve, shta ЪRA yus yati! It stands for: “Dare, sharpen, worm, in order to comprehend the light of existence!”
The combination of the above phrases constitutes the ABC Message:
Az Buki Vede Verb Good Naturally Live Zelo Earth And Like People Think Our On Chambers Rtsy Word Firmly Uk Fart Her Tsy Cherve Shta Yra Yus Yati.
In modern translation it sounds like this:
Option one:
I know letters: writing is a property. Work hard
earthlings, as befits intelligent people - comprehend the universe!
Carry the word with conviction: knowledge is a gift of God!
Dare, delve deeply in order to comprehend the Light of Being!
Another option, in my opinion more correct:
Az Buki Vedi- I know God. Az is the basis, the beginning, I. I - my world begins with me. And now I am the last letter of the alphabet. The basis for everything is knowledge of God and one’s ancestors, that is, one’s parents, one’s roots.
Verb Good- speak, do good. Remember Pushkin: “To burn the hearts of people with a verb.” A verb is both a word and a deed at the same time. I say it means I do it. And I do good.
Good is Life- only goodness creates life.
You live well on earth.- live from the land, it is our breadwinner.
And how do people think - it is our peace. Those. as you people think, so is your world.
The word is firm. Speak your word firmly. Said - done.
I Know God.
I say and do Good.
Good is Life.
Live from the Earth, she is our nurse.
And As We People Think, So is Our World.
Now compare with a, be, ve, ge..... The message to people is both backing and backing. Where is there more meaning, where is more knowledge hidden?
