Preparing for school is a long stage in your child's development. You should start classes no earlier than a year before this moment. Teachers and parents have a huge selection of a wide variety of exercises and tasks in mathematics to achieve this goal. Among them, graphic dictations on cells for preschoolers are of no small importance.
Fun or challenging?
For many children, such pictures in the cells in a notebook are interesting game and exciting entertainment. It is important for an adult not to turn this activity into a boring, tedious task, where the child is scolded for failures. And then the child will always be happy to study.
But many kids may have difficulties. Most often, they are due to the fact that the child has not yet mastered counting within 10, he confuses the concepts of “right-left”, “up-down”. In this case, adults need to help the baby not make mistakes, correct him, and praise him for a positive result.
Age at which you can start training
You can start drawing in boxes with your child as early as 4 years old. The first homework at this age should be easy. At first, you can complete the task with your child on a board or piece of paper so that he can see how to move. For beginners, drawing simple drawings is quite suitable geometric shapes. You can start with an image of a square, rectangle, or simple patterns. You can learn to move diagonally from drawings of a triangle, trapezoid, or rhombus.
At 5 years old, a child can easily draw simple pictures from dictation without visual support.. For example, you can invite him to draw a flower on paper. Also, a five-year-old preschooler can easily cope with drawing a house or an airplane.
For children 6-7 years old, tasks can begin to be complicated by drawing more lines diagonally. An example of such a task would be drawing a rocket.
Methodology for conducting the lesson
The lesson should begin with preparing the workplace and necessary materials . Drawings are done in a checkered notebook with a simple pencil. In order for the child to have the opportunity to correct the mistake, he will need an eraser that can be used to remove incorrectly drawn lines. An adult should prepare or print out instructions with a sample of how to complete the task. You don’t have to tell the child which drawing will be the goal of the graphic dictation. After correct execution, he will see the result on his sheet.
As a rule, the instructions offer digital symbols with arrows, such as 2, 3←. The numbers in this case indicate the number of cells by which it is necessary to move in a given direction. It is indicated by an arrow, which is drawn next to the number. So, in our example it should read: move 2 cells up, 3 cells to the left. They begin to move from a starting point, which for younger children the adult sets himself, and older preschoolers can already be asked to set it themselves.
Before starting a lesson for preschoolers, you need to repeat with them counting within 10, the concepts of “right-left”, “top-bottom”. You can ask the baby to show what it means: “we move to the right side, we move up, to the left of, we move down.”
Try to diversify the graphic dictation itself by including tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles, finger exercises, physical exercises, discussion of the results obtained, and a conversation or story. It is advisable that everything included in the lesson be on the same topic as the drawing.
Before conducting a graphic dictation, instruct your child that he must try to draw straight, neat lines and be very careful when completing the task.
After the dictation is finished, be sure to praise your child for achieved result, if necessary, together with him, find the place where he made a mistake and correct it. If the child has a desire, you can invite him to color the finished picture or shade it. If the child is not tired yet and wants to continue the lesson, then you can ask him to independently come up with a drawing according to the cells, and then together with him make a graphic dictation based on his figure.
Methods for conducting graphic dictations
You can conduct a graphic dictation in different ways.
- For those guys who are just starting to practice them, the simplest method is suitable - under the dictation of an adult. In this case, the teacher or parent dictates to the child how many cells and in what direction he needs to move.
An example of such a dictation is the “Dog” dictation. The task is completed by the child under the dictation of instructions from adults.
- The second way is to offer the child a piece of paper on which instructions for completing the task are written and a starting point is set from which the child needs to move. The child himself looks at the number of cells and the direction of movement.
As an example, look at the graphic dictation
- "Car"
- "Horse"
- "Ship"
- The third way is to draw by symmetry. In such dictations, the child is given a sheet on which half of the drawing is depicted and a line of symmetry is drawn. The child completes the drawing by symmetrically counting the required number of cells.
Here an adult draws half of the Christmas tree and draws a line of symmetry. Children are asked to complete the second half symmetrically.
- The fourth method is suitable for older children. Here the child is offered a sheet with a sample graphic dictation. The child must draw the same picture on his sheet as in the sample, independently counting the required number of cells and determining the direction in which he needs to move. Such dictations can be not only in the form of drawing lines along the cells, but also with completely coloring the required number of cells with colored pencils. As a result, the baby gets a colorful, beautiful picture in his notebook.
A simple option maybe a drawing of an “Elephant”. Offer your child only the finished image and set a point from which he needs to move.
In the same way, you can invite the child to draw a “Snake”, which is also easy to follow (the instructions should be removed, offering only the finished version) or “Squirrel”.
More difficult tasks are
And the following schemes will be even more difficult to implement:
Benefits of completing tasks
Positive results from working with graphic dictations can be seen within 2-3 months if you regularly offer them to preschoolers, at least several times a week. There is even a diagnostic method by D.B. Elkonin, which is called “ Graphic dictation" Its purpose is to determine the level of development in older preschoolers of the prerequisites for educational activities. After all, they are the ones who provide good help in preparing the baby for school.
By performing graphic dictations, the baby prepares his hand for writing, reinforces the concepts of “right-left”, “up-down”, learns to navigate in space and on a notebook sheet, and consolidates counting within 10. Children learn to focus on what an adult says and understand him and work in accordance with the instructions he offers. Without this skill, school will be very difficult for them.
We invite you to watch a video of how a child writes graphic dictation in practice.
Graphic dictations contribute to the development of the ability to maintain attention on a specific task, develop spatial imagination, thinking, imagination, creativity, and perseverance. The baby learns to coordinate his movements.
Drawing by cells helps to overcome difficulties that often arise in the initial period of learning for many children, such as undeveloped spelling vigilance and absent-mindedness. They also help to broaden the child’s horizons and increase his vocabulary. Children get acquainted with in different ways images of objects on a sheet of paper.
Important points
Doing graphic dictation is an exciting game for a child. This is the leading activity for preschoolers. Adults who decide to work with a child should always remember this.
- Praise your child for a well-executed drawing.
- Don't scold your child for doing a job poorly.
- Help him find and fix the error.
- Do not rush your child during the drawing process.
- Don't rush to move on to more complex options drawings, especially if the child still makes mistakes in simple ones.
- Encourage your child to take the initiative to compose such a dictation on his own.
- Allow him to color or shade the finished work, but don't insist on it.
- Remember that children cannot study for long periods of time. For older preschoolers, the maximum duration of a lesson should be no more than 25-30 minutes.
- Don't insist on continuing to work if your child is tired.
- Keep your classes varied. Tell your child interesting stories about the depicted object.
- At first, help your baby by completing the task with him on your sheet or on the board, so that the child can see how and where to move and learn to count the cells in the right direction. Menu
Egorova Natalya Viktorovna
Fun activity for preschoolers –
graphic dictations.
Drawing by cells– a very exciting and useful activity for children. This game method development of the baby’s spatial imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers, and perseverance.
Graphic dictations help develop attention, the ability to listen to the teacher, and spatial orientation. They will also prepare your child's hand for writing. They will teach the baby to be more attentive. This is a great way to develop logic, abstract thinking, and meticulousness. With the help of these activities, the child develops, corrects the correctness of his movements, “gets a steady hand,” this skill will help him in school. Graphic dictations can be successfully used from the age of five.
What are graphic dictations? Graphic dictations are drawing in cells using the pointers in the task. To complete them we will need: a sheet of paper on which the cells are drawn, a pencil, an eraser. The tasks contain arrows (showing direction) and numbers (showing the number of cells that need to be passed in the indicated direction). If you follow the signs accurately and carefully, draw a line in the right direction at the right distance, you get a picture. It could be an animal, various objects, vegetables, fruits, trees, transport and much more.
Drawing by cells – good way teach your baby to use a pencil and pen. Teach how to hold it correctly, practice so that your fingers don’t get so tired from holding an object at school. This exercise will help teach your child to count correctly, here you will need to count the cells so that by drawing a line you will get a picture.
I practice graphic dictation, both with the whole group of children and in individual lessons with children. Children really like these exercises. Children also take great pleasure in drawing themselves on lined sheets with tasks.
How to do graphic dictation
(Rules for drawing by cells).
Graphic dictation can be performed in two versions:
1. The child is offered a sample of a geometric design and asked to repeat exactly the same design in a checkered notebook.
2. An adult dictates a sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down). The child does the work by ear, and then compares his image of the ornament or figure with the example in the manual using the method of superimposition.
When offering children such tasks, the teacher must observe certain rules. la:
When the teacher begins to dictate, he cannot pronounce any other words. And even more so repeat the same direction twice.
Dictations are written in complete silence.
If the child gets confused, he quietly puts down the pencil and calmly waits until the teacher finishes dictating. Only after this can you find out the error.
I start getting acquainted with the cage from the middle group.
I start work with the simplest thing - I write tasks in a notebook with a large square, the child must continue the row. Learning to see a cell and a line. We write sticks, squares, corners, simple patterns, each time making the tasks more difficult. We first divide the patterns into segments - we train, then all the particles are assembled into a pattern.
The following notations are used in the tasks: the number of cells being counted is indicated by a number, and the direction is indicated by an arrow.
Before you start writing a graphic dictation, you should explain to the children how the dictation will be carried out. First, we talk with the children that I will dictate to them how many cells the lines need to be drawn and in what direction. And they will draw these lines along the cells without lifting the pencil from the paper, and then together we will see what happens. Encourage the children to try to draw straight and beautiful lines, then the drawing will turn out wonderful.
For the first time, you can draw on the board with the children so that they can see how they need to work, and the children will be able to complete subsequent dictations without prompting. Before the dictation you need to repeat where the right and left hand, how to draw a line to the right and left. You can agree with the children about any marks (draw the letters “p” and “l” on the board, make marks on the walls, or stipulate that, for example: the right hand points to the window, and the left to the bedroom, etc.)
Then we move on to drawing under dictation.
To begin with, on the sheet with the dictation, in the upper corners, you need to mark - right and left. We give it to the child notebook sheet in a checkered pattern, pencil and eraser.
In older groups, at the top of the picture we always indicate how many cells need to be moved away from the edge and top to start the dictation. In the indicated place, for example: retreat 5 cells from the edge to the left, count 6 cells from above. This is where you need to put a point. For children younger age It’s better to count the cells yourself and set a reference point (from this point the child will draw lines under dictation).
It’s better to start with the simplest: - one cell up (1, one cell to the right (1), one cell down (1), one cell to the left (1). The result is a square.
You need to dictate clearly, the child must perceive everything by ear. At the end of the work, look at how well the children’s figures coincide with the given elements. Review the sample. If the baby made a mistake, find out together where exactly. You can use an eraser to wipe away the point of failure and continue. The main thing is to support the child, praise him, if something doesn’t work out, you can offer to redraw the picture from the original.
Before each lesson, be sure to talk with your child about the fact that there are different directions and sides. Show him where is right, where is left, where is up, where is down. Pay attention to the baby that every person has a right and a left side. Explain that the hand with which he eats, draws and writes is his right hand, and the other hand is his left. For left-handers, on the contrary, it is necessary to explain to left-handers that there are people for whom the working hand is the right, and there are people for whom the working hand is the left.
This activity includes graphic dictation, discussion of images, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles and finger gymnastics. Each stage of the lesson carries a semantic load. Activities with your child can be arranged in different sequences.
Application:
Below are cards with graphic dictations for children in color pictures. In the right column is a sheet that needs to be printed and given to the child. In the left column, opposite the card with a graphic dictation for a child, there is a sheet for an adult. You need to start drawing from the point indicated in the picture. An adult names a number that indicates the number of cells over which a line needs to be drawn and the direction of movement to the right or left (the direction is indicated by arrows). The result should be a drawing with an image similar to the template. Have fun and useful activities!
Artists: E. Belyaeva, E.A. Timofeeva.
Click on the picture and it will open in full size. To save the dictation to your computer, click on the selected picture, then right-click, in the window that opens, select “Save picture as” and specify the folder on your PC where you want to download the dictation.
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How to do graphic dictation
(Rules for drawing by cells).
To begin, on the dictation sheet, in the upper corners, put marks - right and left (if the child does not yet know these concepts). This is necessary in order not to confuse the child, so that he remembers which side, where and what is located. Now start completing the task. The sheet contains the complete image that should be obtained in the end. You take this sheet for yourself, give the child a squared notebook sheet, a pencil and an eraser. Below the picture there are arrows pointing to the right, left, up or down. Near the arrows there are numbers indicating how many sticks need to be drawn in one direction or another (how many cells to close in the direction indicated by the arrow). First there is a number, next to it is an arrow indicating the direction.
this means you need to draw a line 2 cells up from the point,
Then 3 cells to the right and 2 cells down.
In the end the drawing will look like this (see picture)
Please note, that the pointers (arrows and numbers) in the tasks (provided on our website) should be read from left to right.
At the top of the picture it is always indicated how many cells need to be retreated from the edge and top to start the dictation. In the indicated place, for example: retreat 9 cells from the edge to the left, count 4 cells from above. In this place you need to put a bold point. Help younger children who do not yet know how to count well or count out squares on their own. Set a starting point (from this point the child will draw lines under dictation).
Graphic dictations that can be downloaded for free
Click on the picture and it will increase in size. Right-click and in the window that appears, select the item you need (“print” or “save as”).
Graphic dictation "Turtle". Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation “Snake”. Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation "Squirrel". Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation "Camel". Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation “Christmas tree”. Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation "Key". Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation "Bunny". Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation "Mushroom". Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation "Boat". Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation “Fish”. Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation “Heart”. Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation “Dog”. Drawing by cells.
Graphic dictation “Sun”. Drawing by cells.
Preparing a child for school is a long and obligatory process. Therefore, psychologists and pediatricians recommend starting a year before first grade, in kindergarten or at home. Because the baby needs to be prepared not only for mental and physical stress, but also moral. In general, how to educate, help to become more diligent, attentive and courageous.
If you can still mentally prepare a child for big changes, by communicating with peers in the yard and kindergarten. You can teach your child to be more attentive, develop writing skills, and carefully complete certain tasks with the help of graphic dictations and drawing in cells. Today, this is an incredibly popular activity that has won the hearts of not only preschool children, but also teenagers. This is a way to teach a child to write, develop logic, abstract thinking, perseverance and painstakingness, as well as fine motor skills handles With the help of this activity, the child develops coordination, stability and corrects the correctness of his movements, so to speak, “getting a steady hand,” which will undoubtedly help him in school, when writing dictations and notes in a short period of time.
What are graphic dictations? Imagine in front of you a sheet of paper with cells drawn on it. The task contains arrows (showing the direction) and numbers (showing the number of cells that need to be passed in the indicated direction). If you follow the signs accurately and carefully, draw a line in the right direction at the right distance, you get an image - a picture. In other words: graphic dictations are drawing in cells using the pointers in the task.
Such activities are recommended not only for children preschool age, in kindergartens, but for children under 12 years of age. After all, attentiveness and coordination of movements can be developed at an older age. An exciting activity is an entertaining leisure time not only for children, but also for adults. The recommended age for starting to draw graphic dictations is from 4 years. It is at this age that fine motor skills begin to develop, with the help of drawing in cells.
Graphic dictations as an educational game are used in various places: at home, on additional classes, on vacation, at sea, in the country, and even in summer camp. It is important to interest children, and what will do this better than such an activity. After all, the end result will be an unknown picture, which can then be painted with pencils or felt-tip pens. By explaining this to your child, you don’t have to worry about his interest in this, not so much an activity as a game that develops his imagination.
So let's start execution. First of all, you need to prepare, namely, purchase a collection of graphic dictations. You can get them not only in specialized children's book stores, but also in stationery stores and second-hand bookstores. They can be downloaded for free on some sites on the Internet (for example, on our website), you can also go to paid sites. The choice of such tasks is large; choose based on the age, gender and hobbies of the child. For kids just starting classes, it is best to choose graphic dictations (drawing by cells) with images of bunnies, cats, and dogs. For girls: princesses, flowers. But, you can start with simple geometric shapes: squares, triangles, prisms. This way you will immediately teach your child coordination of movements, improve hand motor skills, develop perseverance and attentiveness, and tell him about the names and types of geometric shapes. For boys, dictations with images of cars, animals, robots, castles, and funny people are suitable. The easiest graphic dictations, with simple figures and performed in one color - for beginners. More complex tasks - for older children. Choose graphic dictations on a topic that interests your child. If your child plays music, use drawings of musical instruments, treble clefs and notes.
If you have already worked with your child on drawing by cells, start adding variety to your activities. That is, at 5-6 years old, you can do dictations that help you develop even more. That is, buy drawings with those animals that the child has not yet seen and does not know what they look like. Use colors that the baby has not yet learned very well. Expand your child’s horizons in this way, let him increase and replenish his vocabulary with new words, teach them, and find out where they can be used. The main thing is good mood, passion and positive attitude crumbs before performing any task. Under such conditions, studying will indeed be incredibly useful, fruitful and not stressful for the child.
After selecting graphic dictations, start preparing. Remember that the child must be praised for a job well done. Even if the picture doesn’t work out yet, you don’t need to constantly prompt, guide and compare with other children. It is necessary to guide and push a little in the right direction. To do this, first of all, you need to teach the child where the left side is and where the right side is. Show where the top and bottom are on the piece of paper. This simple and simple knowledge will help you complete all graphic dictations with 100% accuracy.
Sit near a table with a flat and smooth surface so that the child can sit straight and correctly in the chair. Pay attention to the lighting. Advice: if you want to accustom your child to a school notebook, give him the opportunity to get used to it, learn to navigate, prepare graphic dictations on a sheet of paper, exactly like a school notebook. Now prepare a simple pencil and an eraser so that incorrect stripes can be easily removed and the same dictation can be continued again. Prepare yourself a pencil and eraser as well.
It is worth keeping an eye on the time so that the child does not get tired, so that his hands and eyes rest. Although if the child is not tired and wants to continue and finish the work now, there is no need to take away the dictation, the child will decide for himself when enough is enough.
There are time limits for working with graphic dictations
For children 5 years of age – maximum 15 minutes. For older children, up to 6 years old – a maximum of 20 minutes (from 15 minutes). For first-graders (6 or 7 years old) – maximum 30 minutes, minimum – 20 minutes.
Drawing by squares is a great way to teach your child to use a pencil and pen. Teach how to hold it correctly, practice so that your fingers don’t get so tired from holding an object at school. This exercise will help you teach your child how to count correctly, since he will need to count the exact number of cells before starting the lesson.
And so: in front of you lies a graphic dictation task, a pencil. In front of the child is a squared piece of paper or a notebook, an eraser and a simple pencil. On the child’s sheet, with or without your help, a reference point is depicted in the indicated place. Explain that from this point lines begin to be drawn (right, left, down and up), in the direction and with the number of cells that you name. Now proceed, next to the named task, and they are indicated in a line, put a dot with a pencil so as not to forget where you finished the dictation, not to confuse the child and, of course, yourself. Watch what the child is doing. Tell me if the baby is confused about where the left and right sides are. Count together, if necessary, the number of cells.
For example, you have a figure, the most standard one is a house. Tell your child what kind of drawing you will end up with, or keep it a secret for even more interest. From the point you need:
1 → - 1 cell to the right
Dictate clearly; the child must perceive everything by ear. At the end of the work, look at how much the baby’s figures coincide with the given elements. If the baby made a mistake, find out together where exactly. Using an eraser, erase the extra lines, starting from the point of failure, and continue drawing. It is important to maintain the child’s good mood during the learning process.
The formation of graphic skills is necessary for the development of writing, drawing, and number drawing skills. Kindergarten teachers and parents use different exercises and tasks. One of the most effective and interesting techniques are graphic dictations.
Parents and teachers in educational programs can dictate a simple drawing or instructions for the diagram, and children are indescribably delighted with the results obtained. Let's talk about this method of preparing for school in more detail.
From this article you will learn
What is graphic dictation
Unusual didactic classes preschoolers like it. They do not require deep knowledge or strong mental tension from the child. Such methods of work also include graphic dictations in cells.
This is a game in which the child draws lines and diagonals on a piece of paper and as a result gets a picture. It's easy to do. You just need to listen carefully to the teacher, draw lines with a pencil left, right, up or down. By developing motor skills, the baby learns to count, navigate in space, evaluate himself and enjoy the success of his classmates.
If a preschooler gapes and gets distracted, the picture won’t come together. The child realizes the importance of being attuned to the lesson, vigilance and seriousness in the process of future learning at school.
For graphic dictations, simple pictures are used. For example, a house, a dog, a car. The images should be familiar to children and not require a long execution time.
The benefits of mathematical dictations
Graphic dictation for preschoolers is a useful technique for diagnosing the level of development and preparing for school in kindergarten and at home. IN Preschool teachers more often use the manuals of the authors: D.B. Elkonina, O.A. Kholodova. K.V. Shevelev developed a whole course of step-by-step lessons for children 4–5 years old, 5–6 years old, as well as first-graders. Special notebooks develop the following skills and abilities in preschool children from the preparatory group:
- coordination of movements;
- attention;
- memory;
- perseverance;
- imagination;
- vocabulary;
- fine motor skills;
- spelling vigilance.
At the same time as physical skills, the child increases self-esteem. He is aware of the need to listen to instructions. Does the job clearly and quickly, without being distracted by a bird in the window or the laughter of a neighbor at his desk.
Another goal of graphical mathematics is to broaden one's horizons. You need to select pictures according to the age and level of development of the children, but this is only at first. Later, draw pictures that are unfamiliar to preschoolers. After drawing such an arithmetic problem on a piece of paper, tell a story about an unusual animal, introduce it to its habitat, and show a photograph.
Numerical dictation assignments are a good way to adapt kindergarteners to school. They teach six-year-olds independence and orientation in a new space. This will help you master the program. primary school, when meeting a new team, teacher.
The ability to hold a pencil, follow oral instructions, decipher text, and write is an excellent foundation for preparing for first grade. You can ask your child to print out sheets, templates, and help interpret instructions. This helps to introduce the future preschooler to office equipment and instill respect for elders.
Execution Rules
Graphic dictations are best used in math lessons, for example. Execution is related to the coordinate system, counting, and geometric shapes. The methodology consists of several stages:
- Prepare a piece of squared paper for the student. Keep a ready-made version of the dictation with you.
- Place a dot on the student paper. This will be the start of the countdown. Or have your preschooler do it themselves, explaining how much space to give.
- For a child just beginning to learn, draw arrows on paper that indicate the directions of the sides. This makes it easier to get the correct result. In subsequent lessons, hints will no longer be needed.
- Explain that step 1 is a cage. If we take 2 steps, the line goes 2 cells.
- The teacher dictates the working conditions step by step.
On the finished sheet for the teacher there is a drawing, a coordinate plane consisting of arrows and numbers. For example, to draw a Christmas tree, draw a line horizontally in 1 cell, vertically - 3 cells, diagonally - 3 cells, and so on. More often it’s just arrows and numbers without words.
The teacher explains which lines, where, and at what distance the preschoolers draw. Instructions are given one after another, without rushing.
- After completing the written assignments and obtaining the results, draw conclusions about the lesson and the efforts of the preschoolers. Scold him for inattention if the child was distracted by trifles, or praise him for his achievements.
Important! There's no need to rush. If your preschooler doesn’t keep up, usually in the first lessons, wait for him. Skipping even one step or writing incorrectly will ruin the finished result. Set the time frame gradually, speeding up the process by a couple of seconds from lesson to lesson.
Download assignments
Examples can be downloaded for free on the Internet in Word format and printed on a color or black-and-white printer. So you will create a whole card index for yourself, suitable for any age of kindergarteners and schoolchildren.
.
01. Elephant.
02. Giraffe.
03. Snake.
04. Key.
05. Cat.
06. Heart.
07. Duck.
08. House with a chimney.
09. Man.
10. Christmas tree.
11. Ship.
12. Squirrel.
13. Camel.
14. Kangaroo.
15. Deer.
16. Little dog.
17. Dog.
18. Hare.
19. Robot.
20. Piglet.
21. Hedgehog.
22. Flower.
23. Bear.
Required Instructions
To conduct developmental classes with young children and older preschoolers you will need:
- A squared notebook for each child. For younger preschoolers it is better to choose a large cage, for older and first-graders - a small one;
- simple and multi-colored pencils;
- eraser;
- form with a sample picture;
- instructions for the teacher;
- ruler if the lines are long or diagonal;
- card file with drawings.
The first lesson will be a trial lesson. On it you need to explain to the kids the principle of operation, the goals and objectives of the exercise. Try to make the lesson fun and exciting so that the young student is interested.
Give verbal instructions clearly and clearly. Talk to your children about all the stages of work:
- Let's create a magical picture from different dashes. These will be enchanted figures. You need to decipher them by making notes on a piece of paper.
- If you follow my instructions and requests correctly, do not confuse right and left, and carefully count the cells, you will get an amazing result.
- I will say: “Draw a line on the form to the left by 2 cells, to the right by 4 cells.” You draw a nice, even line without lifting your hand from the paper.
- Let's practice together on the board. As an example, let's draw a dictation easy drawing. And then you will make another option without prompting.
After doing a simple logical task offer preschoolers more complex schemes for independent work. When you receive the correct answer, be sure to praise the guys. Print out certificates of commendation, stars, make a personal growth board for each student.
If children have many difficulties with such exercises, the teacher should analyze the methodology, common mistakes. It is advisable to keep a lesson protocol and record the final result for each lesson. Thus, the dynamics of the development of skills and abilities of preschool children can be traced.
Perhaps the level of complexity of the pictures is not suitable for age, development of skills. Use simpler templates, increase the time to complete the task. There is no need to independently develop or compose descriptions for pictures for dictations.
Methods of execution
There are several methods for conducting dictations:
- Auditory.
The child draws a graph or a picture from dictation. The teacher gives verbal instructions about how many cells and in which direction the line should be drawn. After finishing the work, compare the result with the sample.
This technology develops attention, brain concentration when performing complex tasks, and child concentration.
- Drawing from a pattern.
Print the finished template. Place it on the table in front of your child. Let him copy it into his notebook. It is important to look carefully at the direction of the line and count the cells. Get your baby interested in figures and diagrams. The girl will be happy to copy small pattern, flowers; boy - geometric shapes, cars, animals. For 4-5 year old preschoolers, choose a simple pattern with approximately the same lines; for six year olds, choose a more complex one, where there are diagonal lines, long and short.
The technology involves the development of visual attention, its stability, and perseverance.
- Drawing symmetry.
The blank is an unfinished drawing made on one side. The kindergartener needs to complete half of the picture on his own, maintaining symmetry.
The technique develops spatial orientation and thinking.
Time frame
The duration of the lesson depends on the age of the preschool children. Consider their readiness for serious activities and their level of perseverance. If you plan too long lessons with your children, they will get tired, you will lose time and energy, and if they are too short, you will not have time to complete the required work. It is better for teachers and parents to focus on the time frames established by psychologists:
- For kindergarteners aged 5, do written work for no more than 15 minutes.
- With six-year-olds – 15–20 minutes.
- Keep first-graders at their desks for no more than half an hour, at least 20 minutes.
Graphic exercises seem to be simple tasks for preschoolers, simple and sometimes unnecessary. This is a misconception. Such lessons help children grow up confident, with adequate self-esteem, developed attention and perseverance. And this will be useful for adapting to school.
In the process of mastering mathematical science and new concepts, the baby and mother encounter some difficulties. Advice from experienced teachers will help you overcome them.
- Before starting classes, explain to your child clearly and understandably what do you want to get in the end, why are these lessons needed, what knowledge will the preschooler receive?. This information is necessary for the future first-grader to motivate actions and interest in the learning process.
- Don’t rush to blame for mistakes. Take them apart and fix them. Create a friendly atmosphere.
- Do not overload your child with complex schemes from the first lessons. Some time must pass for the kindergartener to firmly grasp the concepts of left - right, up - down. Select pictures based on individual characteristics development of intelligence, speed of drawing. Give preference to symmetrical patterns for slow kids, repeat the instructions for them several times.
- Sloping lines are difficult for young students. Explain in advance what a diagonal is, how it is laid, and allow the use of a ruler.
- Watch your posture and hand position. The piece of paper should lie straight on the table, the back should not bend while writing.
- Keep quiet, if kindergarteners have difficulty concentrating. For children with hyperactivity, absent-mindedness, or mental retardation, it is better to have individual lessons and print diagrams for additional exercises at home.
- Enjoy the positive result. Even if the result of the work is average, be sure to praise the preschooler for his efforts.
- Make a change. In between exercises, read funny poems to warm up your fingers, jump, play.
IMPORTANT! *when copying article materials, be sure to indicate an active link to the original
Graphic dictations - drawing by cells - a very exciting and useful activity for children. This is a playful way to develop a child’s spatial imagination, fine motor skills of the fingers, coordination of movements, voluntary attention, perseverance.
Graphic dictations can be successfully used for children from 5 to 10 years old.
How to work with these graphic dictations:
Graphic dictation can be performed in two versions:
1. The child is offered a sample of a geometric design and asked to repeat exactly the same design in a checkered notebook.
2. The adult dictates the sequence of actions indicating the number of cells and their directions (left, right, up, down), the child does the work by ear, and then compares his image of the ornament or figure with the example in the manual using the method of superimposition.
Graphic dictations are supplemented with riddles, tongue twisters, tongue twisters and finger exercises. During the lesson, the child practices correct, clear and literate speech, develops fine motor skills, learns to highlight distinctive features objects, replenishes your vocabulary.
The tasks are selected according to the principle “from simple to complex.” If you start studying these graphic dictations with your child, do the tasks with him in order: start with the very first simple dictations and gradually move on to more complex ones.
For classes, you need a squared notebook, a simple pencil and an eraser so that the child can always correct the wrong line. For children 5–6 years old, it is better to use a notebook with a large square (0.8 mm) so as not to strain their eyesight. Starting from graphic dictation No. 40, all drawings are designed for a regular school notebook (they will not fit in a large-squared notebook).
The following notations are used in the tasks: the number of cells being counted is indicated by a number, and the direction is indicated by an arrow. For example, the entry:
Pay attention to how the child holds the pencil. Show your child how to hold a pencil between the phalanges of the index, thumb and middle fingers. If your child doesn't count well, help him count the cells in his notebook.
Before each lesson, be sure to remember with your child where is right, where is left, where is up, where is down. Show your child where the left edge of the notebook is, where the right edge is, where the top is, where the bottom is. Show your child how to count the cells.
You yourself may also need a pencil in order to mark the lines you read, and in order not to get confused, put dots with a pencil opposite the lines you are reading. This will help you not to get confused.
Each lesson includes graphic dictation, discussion of images, tongue twisters, tongue twisters, riddles and finger gymnastics. Each stage of the lesson carries a semantic load. Activities with your child can be arranged in different sequences. You can first do finger exercises, read tongue twisters and tongue twisters, and then do a graphic dictation. On the contrary, you can first do a graphic dictation, then tongue twisters and finger gymnastics. It is better to ask riddles at the end of the lesson.
Talk about how each animal has its own distinctive characteristics. The schematic image shows the distinctive features by which we can recognize an animal or object. Ask your child what the distinctive features of the animal he or she has drawn are. For example, in a hare - long ears and a small tail, an elephant has a long trunk, an ostrich has a long neck, a small head and long legs, and so on.
Work with tongue twisters and tongue twisters in different ways:
1. Let the child take the ball in his hands and, rhythmically tossing and catching it with his hands, slowly say a tongue twister or tongue twister. You can throw and catch the ball for each word or syllable.
2. Let the child say a tongue twister (pure tongue twister) while throwing the ball from one hand to the other.
3. You can pronounce a tongue twister by clapping the rhythm with your palms.
4. Suggest saying the tongue twister 3 times in a row and not getting lost.
Do finger exercises together so that the child sees and repeats the movements after you.
During classes, the child’s attitude and the friendly attitude of the adult are very important. Remember that classes for a child are not an exam, but a game. Help your child, make sure he doesn’t make mistakes. The result of the work should always satisfy the child, so that he wants to draw in the cells again and again.
Your task is to help the child in game form master the skills necessary for good study. Therefore, do not scold your child and if he does not succeed in something, simply explain how to do it correctly. Praise your baby more often, and never compare with anyone.
Duration of one lesson with graphic dictations:
for children 5 years old should not exceed 10 - 15 minutes,
for children 5 – 6 years old - 15 – 20 minutes
for children 6 - 7 years old - 20 - 25 minutes.
But if the child gets carried away, do not stop him and interrupt the lesson.
| 1-pattern | 14-aspen leaf | 27-el | 40-elephant |
| 2-pattern | 15-duck | 28-robot | 41-hippopotamus |
| 3-pattern | 16-butterfly | 29-pear | 42-crocodile |
| 4-rocket | 17-goose | 30-duck | 43-samovar |
| 5-key | 18th house | 31-horse |
