Complications after early miscarriage. Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) - Treatment

Instructions

The course of therapy after a miscarriage includes taking medications to prevent complications and eliminate spontaneous abortion. In addition to a gynecologist, a woman needs to consult a general practitioner, endocrinologist, cardiologist, or urologist to rule out other diseases of the body. To identify the causes of a miscarriage, they take tests for hormones, hidden infections, and undergo an ultrasound.

After a miscarriage, a woman usually undergoes a cleaning of the uterus (curettage). This procedure can cause bleeding, so hemostatic drugs are prescribed (Ditsinon, Vikasol, Calcium chloride). Since cleaning the uterus can lead to an infectious and inflammatory disease, antibiotics are prescribed. The following drugs are used: Doxycycline, Azithromycin, Trichopolum, Macropen, etc. Antibiotics are taken for 5-7 days.

Antiviral drugs (for example, Acyclovir) may be prescribed. Medicines are selected based on laboratory data. After a miscarriage, the progestogen drug Duphaston may be prescribed. Its active ingredient is dydrogesterone. The drug is taken 10 mg 2-3 times a day continuously or from days 5 to 25 of the cycle. In case of severe psycho-emotional shock, sedatives and antidepressants are prescribed (Phenazepam, Adaptol, Melitor, Fluoxetine).

The next menstruation should begin 1-1.5 months after the miscarriage, but the recovery period continues for 6-12 months. You should not plan a pregnancy at this time. In order to restore hormonal levels and to prevent pregnancy, it is necessary to take oral contraceptives (Marvelon, Zhanin, etc.). It is necessary to refuse bad habits, you should eat right, take vitamins and avoid stress.

The active ingredients of Marvelon are: desogestrel and ethinyl estradiol. The drug is taken 1 tablet. per day for 21 days. Then they take a break for 7 days, during this period menstrual-like bleeding appears. The composition of the drug "Zhanine" includes ethinyl estradiol and dienogest. The drug must be taken 1 pc. daily at approximately the same time, in the order indicated on the package. The drug is used for 21 days, then take a break for a week and start taking the drug from new packaging.

A miscarriage is the termination of pregnancy before 22 weeks, which occurs without outside intervention. The embryo is rejected from the uterine wall during the period when it is not yet viable.

Causes of miscarriage

According to statistics, about 70% of miscarriages occur due to genetic disorders in the fetus. Most often, these are not hereditary disorders, but defects that are the result of mutations that occurred in the germ cells of the parents. This can be caused by various viruses, occupational hazards and radiation.

Miscarriage can also cause hormonal imbalance. Most often this happens due to a lack of progesterone in a woman’s body. If this deviation is detected in time, it is possible to save the pregnancy by taking special medications.

A miscarriage may occur due to Rhesus conflict. For example, with a Rh-positive embryo, the Rh-negative maternal body will reject foreign tissue.

Sexually transmitted infections also have a detrimental effect on pregnancies. Toxoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, chlamydia and syphilis can cause miscarriage. Viruses and bacteria cause damage to the membranes and infection of the embryo.

Any disease that causes a temperature above 38 degrees and intoxication can cause a miscarriage. The most dangerous are influenza, rubella, viral hepatitis, pyelonephritis and pneumonia. Therefore, when planning a pregnancy, you should undergo a medical examination, as well as treat foci of chronic infection if they are discovered.

Severe stress, mental stress, unexpected grief are very dangerous for the fetus. Therefore, if you are experiencing a difficult period in your life, consult your doctor about taking sedatives.

Treatment of miscarriage

The treatment that is prescribed is most often aimed at preventing infection. In order to stop bleeding after dilatation and curettage, the doctor often prescribes medications. You need to monitor the abundance of discharge. If a woman, already at home, notices that they have become very abundant, fever and hyperthermia have appeared, she should immediately consult a doctor.

In some cases, after a miscarriage, an analysis is performed, the results of which can determine its cause. The woman is also examined for hidden infections. In addition, an ultrasound scan is required.

In addition to the gynecologist, a woman needs to see other medical specialists. It's best to start with a therapist to find out if there are any heart or kidney diseases. A new pregnancy is possible, but 6-12 months must pass after a miscarriage. During this period, you should give up smoking, alcohol, and minimize physical activity and also avoid stress.

A miscarriage is not only a psychological trauma for a woman, but also severe stress for her body. After this unpleasant event, you need to monitor your health to prevent complications from developing. How to recover after spontaneous abortion and cleansing? First of all, you should pull yourself together, be patient and visit a gynecologist.

Causes and consequences of miscarriage

Spontaneous abortion can occur both in early (before 12 weeks) and late (from 12 to 22 weeks) pregnancy. Early miscarriages occur, as a rule, due to the uterus rejecting a defective embryo, and late ones - due to weakness of the cervix. Pregnancy can be interrupted due to Rh conflict between mother and fetus.

The consequences of a miscarriage depend on a number of factors. Most often, inflammatory processes occur. Even after cleaning, there is a possibility of incomplete removal of the fertilized egg. In this case, the doctor recommends repeating the procedure. Recovery after a miscarriage is the return of the uterus and hormonal levels to their previous state. It should be remembered that conception is possible immediately after a spontaneous abortion.

A miscarriage does not always indicate reproductive problems, but to prevent it from happening again, a new pregnancy should be delayed until hormonal levels and the condition of the uterus are normalized. In addition, after a spontaneous abortion, health problems may begin. If bleeding is too long, body temperature rises, or painful periods, you should consult a doctor.

How to recover after a miscarriage

A woman should monitor her well-being, the amount, color and consistency of vaginal discharge. The normal duration of the latter is from 4 to 10 days. You should consult a doctor as soon as possible if the discharge is too abundant, bright and accompanied by malaise. Must pass ultrasound examination to determine whether there are any particles of fertilized egg left in the uterine cavity.

You cannot be sexually active for at least a month after a spontaneous abortion. It is necessary to protect yourself for at least 3 months to give the body the opportunity to recover. Many gynecologists believe that it takes six months to fully normalize the condition of the uterus and hormonal levels, so a woman should, first of all, follow the instructions of her doctor.

For the first month after a miscarriage, you should not overheat, including visiting a bathhouse, sauna, taking a hot bath, as well as playing sports and lifting weights. Otherwise, complications may arise. For a new pregnancy to occur, hormone therapy may be needed. A woman must be ready to conceive not only physically, but also psychologically.

A woman needs:

Lifestyle after miscarriage

1. Use sanitary pads to control the amount of blood released. Change them at least every 8 hours. Shower 1-2 times a day to prevent infection from developing.
2. Do not douche or clean the area around the vagina with strong antiseptics or soap, as this may cause irritation and lead to infection.
3. Stick to proper nutrition. This will allow the body to recover faster and fill it with energy. Eat foods rich in vitamins and minerals. Drink at least eight glasses of water per day. Eat foods containing large amounts of calcium: milk, sardines, salmon, etc. Increase your folic acid intake to replace blood loss after a miscarriage. This can be done by adding leafy and regular vegetables and fruits to your diet.
4. After a spontaneous abortion, abstain from sexual activity for 1-2 months to allow the vagina to heal. In the future, use condoms during sex, since there is a chance of getting pregnant before the cycle normalizes.

Recovery after cleaning

Cleaning (scraping) is a small surgical intervention that is performed to remove the remnants of the fertilized egg from the uterus. Pregnancy after curettage is possible almost immediately, but experts recommend waiting about six months (at least 3-4 months). During this time, the woman’s body should fully recover if she adheres to proper nutrition, proper rest, and also enlists the moral support of her closest relatives.

If you encounter difficulties with a new pregnancy after cleansing, you will need to visit a gynecologist and undergo the necessary examinations and treatment. It is important to remember that complications may arise after surgery, so you will need to carefully monitor your well-being and immediately consult a doctor if you notice severe bleeding, an increase in body temperature above 37.6 degrees, or severe abdominal pain. IN best case scenario for minimal recovery of the body it will take 1-2 days after curettage.

During the rehabilitation period you will not be able to:

• take a hot bath, visit a bathhouse, sauna;
• douche;
• use vaginal tampons;
• lift weights;
• be sexually active (in the next 1-2 months from the date of the procedure).

It is possible that during intimacy there will be pain caused by surgical intervention. If they bother a woman for more than 2 months in a row, she will need to consult a doctor. The first menstruation will begin 30-45 days after the spontaneous abortion. It is possible that they will be more abundant than usual.

To recover faster after cleansing, a woman will have to undergo examinations, adhere to the treatment recommended by the doctor, lead a healthy lifestyle and refrain from intimacy with a man. It will be important to enlist the support of loved ones, try to remain calm, be patient and be positive.

Miscarriage refers to the spontaneous termination of pregnancy. Up to 1/5 of all cases of conception end in miscarriage, and the likelihood of this pathological phenomenon is higher before 12 weeks of pregnancy. Symptoms of a miscarriage rarely go unnoticed, and sometimes this allows a woman to see a doctor in time, receive treatment and keep the baby.

Spontaneous (spontaneous abortion), as doctors often call miscarriage, is classified into three types, depending on the timing of its onset:

1. Termination of biochemical pregnancy. In this case, the uterine cavity is cleared of the embryo during the first to third weeks of pregnancy, determined only by taking an analysis for the presence of hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) in the blood and urine. A woman most often perceives the released blood as menstruation and does not even suspect that she could become pregnant.
2. Early miscarriage (spontaneous abortion). Pregnancy is terminated before 22 weeks, and the weight of the fetus does not exceed 400 grams.
3. Late miscarriage, or premature birth. In this case, the symptoms of the pathology are observed after the 22nd week of pregnancy, and the baby can often be saved.

What are the features of early incomplete miscarriage?

A woman's spontaneous miscarriage can be complete or incomplete. In the first case, all parts of the fetus and its membranes, as well as amniotic fluid, are excluded from the uterus. An incomplete miscarriage occurs when some parts of the fetus remain in the uterine cavity. Typically, incomplete miscarriage occurs in early pregnancy. Most often, the patient’s embryo is expelled, but the amniotic membranes are not separated.

To prevent serious consequences from developing, the woman needs cleansing and other treatment methods (for example, the administration of drugs that contract the walls of the uterus and push out blood and remnants of the membranes). Precisely because there is a possibility of incomplete miscarriage, an ultrasound of the genital organs should be performed after it. If the result of your first pregnancy was an early miscarriage, further attempts at conception should be made only after a thorough examination!

Probability of miscarriage by week of pregnancy

During gestation, there is a period most threatening spontaneous termination of pregnancy. The risk of miscarriage is especially high during early- in the first month. If we consider the risk of pathology by week, it is as follows:

• In the first trimester - 14-21 days, or the third week of pregnancy, as well as the period from 8 to 12 weeks.
• In the second trimester, the threatening period occurs at 18-22 weeks of pregnancy, that is, the danger is great 4-5 months after conception.
• In the third trimester, the period of possible premature birth usually occurs at 28-32 weeks of pregnancy, that is, spontaneous expulsion of the fetus occurs at 7-8 months of pregnancy.

The expectant mother should be especially careful during these periods and be sure to follow all doctor’s recommendations!

Why does a woman’s body reject the fetus?

The causes of miscarriage at a very early stage are most often associated with the presence of defects in the embryo that are incompatible with life. In this regard, treatment and attempts to maintain pregnancy until 12 weeks are not advisable. If a woman is unable to get pregnant for a long time, or she insists on preserving the fetus, doctors are often able to prevent a miscarriage. But a pregnant woman should be warned about the risk of genetic defects in the fetus and, if possible, undergo the necessary examination.

Early miscarriage may have the following reasons:

• “breakdown” of genes during the fusion of egg and sperm (these reasons cause miscarriage of biochemical pregnancy at the earliest stage - in the first month);
• disruptions in hormonal balance, diseases of the endocrine glands;
• tumors of the reproductive system;
• isthmic-cervical insufficiency;
• severe pathologies of the heart, kidneys, blood vessels;
• drug addiction, maternal alcoholism, toxic poisoning in the first month of pregnancy;
• severe stress, nervous shock;
• heavy physical activity, injuries;
• history of abortion;
• taking certain medications, x-ray examination.

Sometimes the causes of miscarriage are surgeries on the abdominal cavity and uterus, infectious diseases (rubella, toxoplasmosis, herpes, influenza, tonsillitis, any STIs). There are also immunological reasons for the threat of termination of pregnancy - for example, Rh conflict in parents.

The causes of late miscarriage are often due to inflammatory processes in the placenta or uterine cavity. Sometimes these reasons are associated with the pathological development of the placenta and disruptions in its functioning - with detachment, aging. The likelihood of miscarriage is high if the placenta at any stage stops producing necessary for the baby nutrients. There are many factors that can provoke symptoms of spontaneous abortion at any stage, but some of them expectant mother can successfully prevent.

Stages of miscarriage

Signs of a miscarriage can occur in a woman at the very beginning of the pathological process. In total, there are several stages during spontaneous abortion:

1. Threat stage. If treatment is started at this time, the pregnancy can be maintained. Sometimes a woman has a risk of miscarriage throughout her pregnancy.
2. The second stage, or the beginning of abortion. Even if the expectant mother went to the hospital not at the threat stage, intensive treatment measures often help save the baby.
3. The third stage, or miscarriage, is in progress. In this case, the woman is already undergoing a spontaneous abortion, and this condition is irreversible. The fertilized egg dies and leaves the uterus completely or partially.
4. The fourth stage, or completed abortion. The uterine cavity is cleared of fetal remains, and the organ restores its size. At this stage, it is imperative to do an ultrasound of the genital organs.

Threatened miscarriage: how to recognize the symptoms in time

Symptoms of threatened miscarriage in the early stages usually boil down to the following manifestations:

• pain in the abdomen (in its lower part);
• vaginal bleeding (usually the blood comes in the form of spotting scarlet or brown discharge within 1-3 days);
• sometimes the pain becomes very severe and is accompanied by cramps.

If a woman did not know that she managed to become pregnant, she may mistake the symptoms of a threat for another menstruation. Therefore, experts clarify that there are indirect signs of miscarriage that distinguish it from menstruation. Among them:

• diarrhea and nausea;
• pain in the form of spasms;
• weight loss;
• blood from the vagina, alternating with mucus discharge;
• aching pain in the lower back.

Symptoms of threatened miscarriage may also appear at later pregnancy, more often - at 4-5 months. In this case, subjective signs of pathology may include frequent nausea, nagging abdominal pain, reddish-brown discharge or bright blood spots, increased urge to urinate, and dizziness. The duration of the first stage of miscarriage is not necessarily short: sometimes this condition lasts several days and requires emergency hospitalization.

Clinical picture of an incipient miscarriage

At the second stage, when the miscarriage is already underway, the symptoms of the pathology become more noticeable. They boil down to cramping pain in the abdomen and sacrum, general weakness, and severe dizziness. Blood flows out of the vagina in the form of clots, and these secretions intensify with movement. Immediate consultation with a doctor at this stage in some cases leads to saving the baby, for which conservative or surgical treatment is performed.

Symptoms of miscarriage include sharp pain in the entire abdomen and lower back, significant blood loss and the release of the fertilized egg from the uterus. If the fetus died a few days before delivery, the woman may see a small bubble gray, whole or divided into parts. In case of incomplete miscarriage, cleaning of the uterus (curettage) is urgently carried out, without which the consequences can be tragic.

What happens after a miscarriage and how long will the bleeding last?

Signs of a miscarriage are primarily uterine bleeding and pain, which occur with varying severity and duration for each woman. Blood flows because when the fetus detaches and passes through the birth canal, small vessels are injured, that is, wound surfaces are formed. You should definitely monitor how long the blood is released. Normally, this period is 4-10 days. If after 14 days you still experience bleeding, you should definitely consult a doctor and have an ultrasound done. Such symptoms may indicate infection of the uterus or the presence of remaining parts of the fetus in it. In some cases, a woman has to undergo surgery or undergo medication treatment.

Possible complications of miscarriage

The consequences of a miscarriage can be quite serious. Fortunately, any complications are rare, and in most cases the body independently releases parts of the embryo and membranes.

Sometimes a life-threatening miscarriage occurs in the later stages or when trying to induce it at home using improvised (folk) remedies. Complications include:

• Septic abortion. An infectious lesion of the uterus can lead not only to severe inflammation in the pelvis, but also to sepsis.
• Repeated miscarriages. For some women, improper treatment during the first failed pregnancy leads to further miscarriages or the inability to become pregnant.

Diagnosis of threatened miscarriage

The main method for identifying signs of miscarriage is ultrasound of the uterus. During the study, at the threat stage, segmental contractions of the organ walls are detected, which often resolves after hormonal treatment. If a miscarriage is visualized in progress, then an ultrasound will indicate detachment of the fertilized egg and a strong contraction of all the walls of the uterus. To find the cause of repeated abortions, genetic tests are often performed to look for “broken” chromosomes. Of great importance in diagnosing spontaneous abortion is the collection of anamnesis and the presence of clinical signs.

Drug treatment for threatened miscarriage

If a decision is made to continue the pregnancy, the doctor must do everything possible to make this happen. A woman is prescribed pills for miscarriage and injections, including:

1. sedatives, restoratives;
2. hormonal medications (usually containing progesterone, for example, Duphaston);
3. antispasmodics to eliminate increased tone of the uterine walls;
4. vitamins, especially often folic acid.

Such drugs will help a woman in the early stages of pregnancy. If the threat of miscarriage continues at a later stage, a ring is placed on the cervix or it is sutured.

Treatment after miscarriage: pills

If it is not possible to stop a spontaneous abortion, the doctor chooses one of the following tactics:

1. Expectant. In case of a complete miscarriage, the woman does not require any treatment, and within 2-6 weeks her reproductive system will recover from the pathological process.
2. Drug treatment of miscarriage. It consists of taking special tablets that will complete the removal of parts of the fetus from the uterine cavity.
3. Surgical treatment. It will be required if there are complications or structural features of the woman’s genital organs (for example, if the uterus is bent).

The miscarriage pills are also used to perform medical abortion (misoprostolol). After taking them, strong contractions of the uterus occur within 24-72 hours, resulting in a miscarriage. After such treatment, an ultrasound of the uterus should be done to record its complete cleansing of the remnants of the membranes.

Curettage (cleaning the uterus) after a miscarriage

Cleaning the uterus should be done if the fetal rejection was partial. Cleaning, or curettage, is sometimes ignored by the doctor or the patient herself, which can lead to severe inflammatory processes and even the inability to become pregnant in the future.

Before cleaning, the woman is given an enema and pubic hair is removed. The anesthesiologist will select the type of anesthesia depending on the indications and contraindications. Using speculums and dilators, the doctor opens the cervix, and then uses a special curette to remove the fertilized egg and its membranes. Then the uterine cavity is curetted to prevent inflammation. After a miscarriage, a histological examination of the collected material is required. After a woman has undergone cleansing, she must follow all doctor’s prescriptions during the rehabilitation period. Sexual activity after curettage is excluded for 2 months.

How to restore moral health after a miscarriage

If the physical body works normally 1-2 months after a spontaneous abortion, then the woman’s psychological well-being can take much longer to recover. Often a failed mother tries to get pregnant right away, but this is strictly prohibited. Life after the loss of a child is difficult, but you shouldn’t become isolated and drive yourself to despair. If a woman develops depression, it will not be easy to get out of it. Some ladies experience anger and rage, others experience melancholy, and others look for a way out in alcohol. To relieve post-abortion stress disorder, it is better to visit a qualified psychologist and maintain contact with loved ones. A woman should remember that previously restoring moral health is another step towards the next attempt to get pregnant and finally become a mother!

Sex life after miscarriage

Usually the menstrual cycle resumes a few weeks after a miscarriage. Therefore, you should use the usual methods of contraception, since getting pregnant during this period is extremely undesirable. But sexual activity should not begin earlier than 1.5 months after a spontaneous abortion (after curettage, this period is extended to 2 months). Otherwise, inflammation and damage to tissues that have not yet recovered may begin.

Pregnancy after miscarriage: when to plan

You should try to conceive again no earlier than 6-12 months after the miscarriage. Some women strive to get pregnant after the menstrual cycle has normalized, but this is only possible with complete physical and moral rehabilitation. In other cases, planning a pregnancy after a miscarriage causes great fear in the woman, and the couple stops trying. Therefore, you should act as your own heart tells you, but do not rush. It is better to carefully prepare for future motherhood and prevent the tragic story from repeating itself.

How to prepare for a new pregnancy

If you are unable to get pregnant after a miscarriage, or abortions are repeated again and again, you should undergo an examination to identify the cause of such events. The diagnostic program, in addition to histological examination of the membranes and embryo, should include:

• tests for all STIs;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• tests for hormones, including those produced by the thyroid gland;
• blood glucose level;
• general clinical studies;
• genetic tests (as prescribed by a doctor);
• tests for the biocompatibility of the blood of spouses.

Preparing for pregnancy after a miscarriage should include proper nutrition, taking vitamins (especially vitamin E, folic acid), giving up bad habits and excessive coffee consumption by both spouses. Since an overdose of vitamins A and D can cause a miscarriage, you should inform your doctor about taking medications containing them. Sometimes a woman is recommended to be vaccinated against certain infectious diseases, for example, rubella and chickenpox.

Prevention of miscarriage

It is not always possible to insure against spontaneous termination of pregnancy, since it is impossible to take into account various gene mutations and the influence of chronic diseases. But there are several tips that, if followed, will bring real results in preventing miscarriage. Among them:

• healthy lifestyle;
• proper nutrition;
• combating physical inactivity and stress;
• weight normalization;
• taking vitamins.

All recommendations are suitable for implementation even before pregnancy. After conception, you should avoid putting stress on your stomach, not take alcohol even in small doses, visit your doctor regularly and take all the medications he prescribes. Even after the first failure you cannot despair, because when the right approach Most women experience the joy of motherhood!

Miscarriage is a spontaneous termination of pregnancy in the first half (up to 20 weeks). According to statistics, every fifth pregnancy ends in early termination. In some cases, the expulsion of a non-viable embryo can occur already in the first days of its implantation attempt, when the woman is not yet aware of the changes that have occurred in her body. Such an abortion is often mistaken for a missed period.

Most spontaneous abortions occur in the first three months of pregnancy. Statistics allow us to conclude that main reason pathological condition are chromosomal abnormalities that “weed out” defective embryos. Thus, nature fights for the health of future offspring.

Causes of miscarriage

It is impossible to answer with absolute certainty why a miscarriage occurs. There are many prerequisites that can lead to or the abortion itself. Among them are:

• Genetic and chromosomal disorders and mutations that make fetal development impossible. Such embryos die no later than 6-8 weeks of gestation.
• Anomalies of the genital organs (hypoplasia of the uterus).
• Infectious diseases. Elevated temperature and general intoxication of the body negatively affect the membranes and the fetus itself.
• Chronic diseases of the mother (diabetes mellitus, thyroid pathologies, disorders of the blood coagulation system).
• Hormonal disorders, in particular those associated with a lack of progesterone.
• Previous abortions or curettage of the uterus, which lead to its trauma and inability to hold the fetus. Abortion during the first pregnancy is especially dangerous.
• Autoimmune failures, in which the body begins to “attack” the embryo with antibodies, leading to its death.
• mother and fetus. It occurs when a Rh-negative mother develops a fetus that inherits Rh positive from father. The woman’s body perceives it as a foreign body and tries to get rid of it.
• Poisoning and severe physical injury. These reasons can provoke a miscarriage, but not as often as is commonly said. Regular contact with certain chemical elements can, to a certain extent, negatively affect the development of pregnancy. In a healthy woman, minor injuries very rarely lead to miscarriage, since the fetus is well protected in the uterus.

Contrary to common misconceptions, pregnancy up to 12 weeks is not interrupted by air travel, working at a computer and copying machine, minor stress associated with physical labor or sports, sexual activity or emotional experiences.

The risk of miscarriage is slightly higher if previous pregnancies ended in spontaneous abortions, or if the age exceeds 40 years. However, if only the listed indicators are present, most women successfully carry their pregnancy to term.

Relative dangers are posed by alcohol consumption and smoking, coffee abuse, and the father's age over 40 years. There are a number of medications and herbs, the abuse of which can lead to fetal intoxication and spontaneous abortion. As soon as a woman is convinced that she is pregnant, she should change her attitude towards taking medications and use them only after consulting a doctor.

Symptoms

How does a miscarriage occur? Spontaneous abortion begins with the gradual detachment of the fertilized egg from the walls of the uterus. Under the influence of its contractions, the embryo is expelled completely or partially.

The first signs of a miscarriage are bleeding and cramping pain in the lower abdomen, reminiscent of painful sensations during menstruation, but differing in greater intensity. The discharge accompanying the process can be either bright red and abundant, or scanty brown.

Also observed:

• lower back pain of varying degrees of intensity;
• discharge of mucus and blood clots;
• sudden disappearance of symptoms that were observed earlier during pregnancy (nausea, drowsiness, enlarged mammary glands);
• weight loss.

There are several types of miscarriage.

Early

• Threatened abortion

Detachment of the fertilized egg is observed in only one area. In this case, there may be no bleeding and pain may be insignificant. The probability of continuing the pregnancy is high.

• Beginning abortion

It is characterized by partial detachment of the fetus, which is accompanied by slight pain and bleeding. Maintaining a pregnancy is more difficult, but possible.

• Abortion in progress

The fertilized egg has exfoliated and is on its way out of the uterus. The woman experiences severe cramping pain, heavy bleeding, and sometimes chills. It is not possible to continue the pregnancy.

• Incomplete abortion

After the death of the fetus, only part of it is expelled from the uterus; other elements continue to reside in the uterine cavity.

• Failed miscarriage

After the death of the fetus, it is not expelled from the uterus. A dead embryo may remain in the cavity for some time. This condition is very dangerous, since the entry of pathogenic microorganisms into the uterus can cause infection.

• Medical abortion

A medical miscarriage is caused for medical reasons for up to 7-8 weeks. After taking the drug Mifepristone, the woman remains in a medical facility for several hours and then goes home. After 2-3 days, you need to make another visit to the doctor to re-take the drug. After two weeks, a control ultrasound is performed to make sure that there are no fetal particles left in the uterus.

Contraindications to medical abortion:

• age over 35 years;
• active smoking;
• problems with blood clotting;
• severe forms of hypertension;
• renal or liver failure;
• sexual infections.

As already mentioned, fetal rejection can often occur very quickly.

How to distinguish a miscarriage from menstruation?

This can be quite difficult, and in some cases even impossible. Reasons for suspecting spontaneous abortion may be a delay in menstruation for several days (weeks), a sudden onset of bleeding, accompanied by more intense pain than usual, nausea, and dizziness.

It can help determine the fact of a miscarriage. Many women at the planning stage of pregnancy monitor its indicators. During conception, an increase in temperature is typical, and in the event of a termination of pregnancy, its normalization.

If a woman has any suspicions about a miscarriage, she should consult a gynecologist.

At a later date

After 20 weeks, the risk of miscarriage decreases, but the risk cannot be completely eliminated. Termination of pregnancy in the second trimester can occur with low hemoglobin, placenta previa, isthmic-cervical insufficiency, infectious diseases, etc.

Signs of threatened miscarriage are similar to those that occur in the first half of pregnancy. Hypertonicity of the uterus, fatigue, intestinal disorders, pallor of the skin, and pain in the lumbar region may also be noted.

Treatment and diagnosis

What to do if you experience abdominal pain and bleeding? How to determine a miscarriage? These symptoms are a serious reason to seek medical help. When diagnosing, pay attention to:

• analysis of the pregnant woman’s complaints (the onset of pain and discharge, their intensity);
• research of medical data (previous pregnancies, abortions, previous infectious or gynecological diseases);
• gynecological examination to determine the size of the uterus, the nature of the discharge, the degree of dilatation of the cervix;
• Ultrasound of the pelvic organs;
• blood test (determination of Rh factor);
• HCG is performed at very early stages, when ultrasound diagnosis is not yet effective enough.

Most symptoms of spontaneous abortion are identical to those of other gynecological pathologies. Thus, pain and bleeding can occur with cervical injuries and malignant tumors. A set of diagnostic measures will help distinguish a possible miscarriage from other pathologies.

The main question that will guide the treatment is how possible it is to maintain the pregnancy. The woman is prescribed strict bed rest for several weeks with limited physical activity and a ban on sexual activity. In order to relieve uterine contractions, antispasmodics are prescribed. Hemostatic therapy is also indicated.

Up to 9-16 weeks, hormonal treatment with progesterone is prescribed, which lasts up to two months. is an indication for suturing to narrow the isthmus of the uterus. Sutures are removed at 36-37 weeks of pregnancy.

The need for curettage

If miscarriage cannot be avoided, curettage of the uterine cavity is performed to remove the remains of the embryo and placenta. Many women prefer to do without cleaning, believing that scraping can be harmful. It is impossible to determine on your own whether the fertilized egg is completely expelled, especially when the miscarriage occurs outside a medical facility. Only a doctor can decide how much cleaning is necessary after spontaneous abortion. To refuse this procedure means to risk your well-being and your future ability to have children.

Doctors do not advise getting pregnant earlier than six months later. The most optimal interval between early spontaneous abortion and a new pregnancy is a period of one year. If the miscarriage occurs in the second trimester, conception should occur no earlier than two years later.

When planning a new pregnancy, a woman must follow the following rules:

1. Completely give up bad habits (alcohol and smoking).
2. Avoid taking strong medications, do not take untested drugs without consulting a doctor, and replace them with folk remedies as much as possible.
3. Provide yourself with a favorable psychological atmosphere, avoid severe stress, physical overexertion, grueling sports training.
4. Timely identify and treat various chronic, viral or infectious diseases.
5. Organize proper nutrition, follow a diet rich in vitamins and other beneficial substances.
6. Avoid crowded places during outbreaks of viral diseases.
7. Regularly take vitamin complexes, folic acid, and iron supplements.

It must be remembered that a new pregnancy after a miscarriage also involves certain risks. She needs to strictly follow all the doctor’s recommendations, and at the slightest sign of poor health, seek medical help. This will help avoid other problems that often arise in pregnant women with previous miscarriages: delays in its development, premature birth.

Every woman after a miscarriage feels oppressed and morally crushed. In addition, spontaneous abortion has a negative impact on the entire body and inhibits the functioning of the reproductive system. During the recovery period, it is important to take responsibility for your health and carry out proper treatment after a miscarriage.

The correctness and completeness of the therapy will directly determine whether the woman will subsequently be able to feel the joy of motherhood or not. You need to understand that if such a problem arises, you should definitely contact a gynecologist. Only a doctor will be able to provide full treatment after an early miscarriage and restore reproductive function.

If we consider the concept of miscarriage from a medical point of view, then when such a situation arises, experts say that a spontaneous termination of pregnancy or rejection of the embryo by the body has occurred. Often, shortly after conception, the membranes completely leave the cavity of the reproductive organ, but they can also remain partially there.

Miscarriage can occur early or late. Source: melnitsa-asb.ru

Recovery after a miscarriage occurs most quickly in the early stages, that is, before 12 weeks of fetal development. However, it is possible that this condition may occur in the second trimester. So, for example, if the 25th week has already arrived, then it is not about arbitrary termination of pregnancy, but about premature birth.

Regardless of the period in which the problem arose, a woman must contact a medical institution to determine the state of her health, as well as confirm the absence of complications. Let's take a closer look at what to do if a miscarriage occurs at home, what to do, whether cleaning and taking medications are necessary.

Reasons

If a woman has a spontaneous abortion, then, first of all, it is necessary to establish what caused this problem. Accordingly, it is not surprising that girls are wondering how to do this, and whether this is even possible. It is worth noting that maximum diagnostic information can be obtained only after cleaning.

During the procedure, the doctor takes a small amount of biological material and sends it for subsequent histological examination. In certain cases, the results can determine what caused the termination of pregnancy. However, this is not always enough, so a woman is prescribed tests after an early miscarriage.

It is imperative to donate blood for general clinical diagnostics and determine the level of concentration of sex hormones in the blood. Biological fluid is also given to determine the presence or absence of sexually transmitted infections, inflammatory processes, and genetic predispositions.

The examination after a miscarriage also includes visits to highly specialized doctors, including a urologist, endocrinologist, cardiologist, and therapist. During the examination, doctors can identify pathologies according to their specialization, which are often an indirect or direct cause of spontaneous abortion in the early stages.

Cleaning

All women experience recovery after a miscarriage differently. At a young age, especially if this is a long-awaited child and the first pregnancy, girls often withdraw into themselves and experience severe psychological trauma. It is important to understand that if the fetus does not take root and is rejected by the body, you should not fall into depression, but you need to understand why this happened and try to eliminate the cause.

So, first of all, you need to know, if a miscarriage occurs, what to do, in particular, this question concerns cleaning the uterine cavity, how to understand that this procedure cannot be avoided. First of all, a woman should go to a gynecologist, who will advise her to undergo an examination on a chair, as well as an ultrasound screening of the pelvic organs.

Cleansing procedure after spontaneous miscarriage. Source: gloriamed.ru

Thanks to such a study, the diagnostician will be able to understand the condition of the uterus and its mucous membrane. In situations where the organ is clean, cleaning is not prescribed. However, even in the presence of the smallest inclusions (remnants of the fertilized egg), the procedure must be carried out. It should be performed immediately, since if time is missed, serious consequences may develop, including sepsis.

A leading specialist will tell you how to recover after a miscarriage. As for curettage, it is almost always performed on women whose spontaneous abortion occurred after the 7th week of gestation. Since the procedure is performed on an outpatient basis, a natural question arises: how long do they stay in the hospital after a miscarriage?

The period of stay within the walls of a medical institution depends on many factors. Often the cleaning itself takes no more than 15 minutes, and it is done with intravenous anesthesia. If everything went without complications, then they stay in the clinic for several hours until the condition stabilizes, and then go home.

A complete miscarriage at an early stage without cleaning is possible. But in the second trimester, this procedure is mandatory, and the woman will need to stay in the hospital for several days after it.

Drugs

If, in the early stages of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion contributed to the complete removal of the embryo, then the doctor does not prescribe pills after a miscarriage. However, after gynecological curettage there is an urgent need to take medications.

Specialists in therapeutic practice use the following medications:

1. An antibiotic must be prescribed after a miscarriage (preference is given to the penicillin group). Taking these medications is necessary to prevent infection of the reproductive organs. They should be taken in a course, the duration of which is from 3 to 10 days.
2. Pills are also prescribed to contract the uterus after a miscarriage (Oxytocin is used in most cases). After administration of the drug, the contractility of the muscular layer of the uterus increases, so rapid rejection of the endometrium occurs, thereby preventing the opening of severe bleeding.
3. Medicines after a miscarriage are definitely indicated to increase immunity (it is best to take Isoprizone or Derinat). Thanks to them, the body’s protective abilities are improved, it is better able to resist viral and infectious diseases.

The doctor will definitely tell the patient after a miscarriage what to do and how best to restore the reproductive abilities of the reproductive system. It is strictly unacceptable to choose medications on your own and take pills on the advice of friends and acquaintances. Drug therapy is selected by the leading specialist based on the characteristics of the clinical picture.

Recovery

Many girls who are faced with the problem of spontaneous abortion are interested in how to recover from an early miscarriage. The main reproductive organ returns to normal fairly quickly after embryo rejection, even if the embryo has had time to develop well.

During the recovery period, it is forbidden to engage in intimate intimacy. Source: sixtumed.ru

Within a few days the uterus becomes normal in size. However, if this does not happen, then the doctor will tell the woman what pills to take after a miscarriage to improve the contractility of the reproductive organ. As for intimacy, it should be completely excluded until the first natural menstruation begins.

If you do not adhere to this recommendation, then infection of the genital organs, the development of an inflammatory disease, as well as the occurrence of other, more severe consequences For example, the body may experience severe bleeding. When the doctor talks about what to do after an early miscarriage, he focuses the patient’s attention on the fact that for several cycles it is impossible to have sex without a condom.

Menstruation

When a miscarriage occurs, the leading gynecologist explains what to do. It is imperative to ask a specialist what the nature of the first menstrual bleeding will be. It is important to understand that discharge after curettage and menstruation are two completely different concepts.

Recovery after a miscarriage and cleansing is complicated by a protracted period, since this manipulation led to the doctor doing in a few minutes what happens over several days, that is, endometrial rejection. From this moment you can begin to monitor the stability of the menstrual cycle, but the first natural (physiological) discharge will begin only after 3-5 weeks.

After bleeding starts, it is better to use pads, since tampons can cause pathogenic bacterial flora to enter the genital tract. As for the nature of menstruation, they can be equally scanty and abundant, which is due to serious changes in hormonal levels.

A special role is played by the period at which spontaneous termination of pregnancy occurred. If this happened before eight weeks, then the body has not yet had time to adapt to what has arisen in it new life, and the balance of hormones remained virtually unchanged. In this case, rehabilitation after an early miscarriage and restoration of the cycle will occur quickly and without consequences.

First aid for a miscarriage at 12 weeks or more is to hospitalize the woman as quickly as possible. Self-termination of pregnancy at this stage is complicated by the fact that the placenta has already begun to function, so a qualified medical care. As for the cycle, it takes longer to recover, and if the situation occurs late, the patient may develop endometriosis, mastopathy and tumors.

If a woman is faced with a problem such as spontaneous abortion, then after a miscarriage, the doctors’ recommendations will be as follows:

1. First of all, you should go for an ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs to determine whether there are any particles of fertilized egg left in the uterus;
2. If there are medical indications, then it is necessary to undergo a curettage procedure so that complications do not arise in the future;
3. The gynecologist will definitely tell you what to drink after a miscarriage, in what dose and for what period of time;
4. After a miscarriage, it will be necessary to undergo a full medical examination, thanks to which there is a chance to establish the cause of spontaneous abortion;
5. Planning for the next pregnancy can begin only after approval of these wishes by the leading specialist.

At first, it is better to take contraceptive medications after a miscarriage, which will help avoid unwanted fertilization during the first months. The body needs to recover as completely as possible. It is imperative to treat all associated pathologies. During the recovery period, it is also recommended to take vitamins after a miscarriage.

Sports can be replaced by walking.