At the age of 7 1/2 - 8 months, the child is introduced to a third complementary food instead of breastfeeding in the form of kefir or whole milk. Preference should be given to fermented milk products.
In a number of places, instead of kefir for children of the 1st year of life, special fermented milk products of increased biological value are used - “Biolakt”, “Baldyrgan”, acidophilic mixtures. By this time, the baby receives only two breastfeedings - in the morning and in the evening.
| 6 hours | mother's breast | — |
| 10 o'clock | porridge from different grains | 180 g |
| yolk | 1/2 pcs | |
| fruit juice | 30 ml | |
| 14 h | meat broth | 20 ml |
| cracker | 5 g | |
| vegetable puree | 180 g | |
| meat soufflé | 30 g | |
| fruit juice | 20 ml | |
| 18 h | kefir | 150 ml |
| cottage cheese | 40g | |
| fruit puree | 50 g | |
| 22 h | mother's breast | — |
You can stop breastfeeding your baby from 10 to 11 months of age, provided that the baby is healthy and developing well. It is impossible to wean a child from the breast during the hot summer months, as well as during the child’s illness, immediately after carrying out protective measures.
Usually, the process of weaning a child from the breast goes without complications if the child received all the necessary types of complementary foods in a timely manner. Weaning is carried out gradually. First, morning feeding is replaced with another food - kefir, milk, if the child wakes up early, or porridge, since the child at this age already wakes up at later hours and the mother has time to prepare him a complete and high-calorie diet.
After 5 - 10 days, the last evening feeding is replaced with kefir or milk. This gradual cessation of breastfeeding is painless for both the child and the mother. During the period when the child receives only one breastfeeding, lactation is significantly reduced. In cases where the mother’s milk secretion still continues and engorgement of the mammary glands is noted, it is recommended to bandage them high and tightly and somewhat limit fluid intake. Typically, milk production stops 34 days after breastfeeding stops.
Some children refuse their last night feeding by the age of one year. Their diet is then established with 4 meals a day.
In this case, you need to pay attention to sufficient provision of the child with dairy products. Kefir or milk intended for night feeding is distributed among other meals, mainly for breakfast and afternoon snack.
| Breakfast 7 a.m. – 7 a.m. 30 min. | Milk porridge from a mixture of cereals | 200 g |
| Yolk | 1/2 pcs | |
| Fruit juice | 50 ml | |
| Lunch 12 noon | Bouillon | 30 ml |
| Rye bread | 10 g | |
| Vegetable puree | 150 g | |
| Steamed meat cutlet (fish pudding) | 50 g | |
| Carrot juice | 30 ml | |
| Afternoon snack 16 h | Kefir | 150 ml |
| Cottage cheese | 50 g | |
| Fruit puree | 50 g | |
| Dinner 20 h | Vegetable puree or milk porridge (alternate) | 150 g |
| Kefir | 100 ml | |
| Night feeding 22 hours | Kefir or milk | 200 ml |
“Children’s Nutrition”, E.Ch. Novikova,
K.S.Ladodo, M.Ya.Brents
When complementary feeding begins, the child should be switched to 5 feedings a day with 4-hour breaks and an 8-hour night break. When introducing complementary foods, the following basic rules must be observed: give complementary foods before breastfeeding; begin the introduction of any new type of food with small quantities, gradually increasing the volume of the dish until a complete replacement of one breastfeeding; You cannot enter two or more at the same time...
The second complementary food, which is usually introduced from the 5th month, is milk porridge, first 5 - 8%, then 10%. With cereals that are used to prepare porridges, the child receives a wide range of minerals, B vitamins, vegetable protein, and fiber. To prepare porridge for children 1 year of age, it is better to use special children’s dietary flour made from oatmeal (oatmeal), buckwheat,…
The diet of children in the first 4 months of life is set to the same as during the newborn period. Typically, the baby receives six feedings every 3 1/2 hours with a night break of 5 - 6 hours. Children who were fed 7 times a day after 3 hours should also be switched to feeding after 3/4 hours (as they get stronger...
Ready-made canned juices produced by the industry for baby food can also be used in children's nutrition. Canned juices contain minerals, vitamins, organic acids and sugar. Juices can be clarified or with pulp (unclarified). They are prescribed at the same time and in the same quantities as natural ones. After 6 months of life, children can receive per day...
Complementary feeding is usually called any product other than breast milk. They should be introduced into the diet of a breastfed baby from 5–6 months of age and from 4–5 months of age for bottle-fed babies. Before introducing complementary foods, be sure to consult with your pediatrician. He will more accurately determine the timing of the introduction of complementary foods and the necessary products.
The main rule for introducing complementary foods: the first test portion of any product should be about a quarter of a teaspoon and over the course of 7 days it gradually increases to the volume of a full feeding.
The first complementary food is VEGETABLES.
New food should be given to the baby once a day, as a rule, instead of the third feeding - at approximately 14.00. Let them be the first vegetables in a child’s life. cauliflower or zucchini. Boil some of these vegetables and make a homogeneous puree from them using a blender, mixer, regular masher, or use ready-made ones. No need to add salt.
Give the first portion - a quarter of a teaspoon - to the baby either before breastfeeding or in the middle of it.
On the second day (a day later), offer half a teaspoon. Monitor your baby's reaction. If everything is fine (no redness, peeling, skin rash or loose stools), then on the third day offer him a full teaspoon. Thus, with a gradual increase, after 7 days the child eats 50–60 ml of cauliflower or zucchini per day.
From the second week of complementary feeding, introduce a mixture of vegetables into the child’s diet: little by little add zucchini to the cauliflower, gradually bringing the total volume of vegetables eaten by the child per day to 100–120 ml.
In the third week, just as gradually, add another vegetable, for example, carrots. The total volume of vegetables eaten per day will thus increase to 180 ml, and you will already completely replace one feeding with complementary foods. Milk should not be given at this meal.
The second complementary food is porridge.
Start introducing porridge into your baby’s diet after he gets used to vegetables. You can cook buckwheat, corn or rice porridge or use ready-made ones specially designed for baby food.
If you decide to cook it yourself, remember that you need to first cook the cereal and then puree the finished porridge in a blender - not the other way around.
It is better to cook porridge in water with the addition of breast milk or the baby’s usual formula. The rule for introducing porridge into the diet is the same as with vegetables: choose one feeding (for example, the second, at about 10.00); on the first day before feeding or in the middle of it, offer the child a quarter teaspoon of porridge, on the second day - half a teaspoon, and so on. Supplement feeding breast milk or a mixture. Over the course of a week, you can increase the volume of porridge feeding to 180–200 ml, which is enough to completely eliminate milk during this feeding.
The third complementary food is the SECOND PORridge.
If you introduced buckwheat as the first porridge, then take rice, and according to the same rule, gradually replace it with the next feeding - evening, at 18.00. This way you will already replace 3 feedings.
By 7 months, the child, accordingly, receives vegetables and two cereals to choose from. Children at this age do not need a variety of foods. Of course, your child will develop his own taste preferences, but until he is one year old, it is still better not to follow their lead, but to feed the baby according to the rules. This will prevent or minimize gastrological problems in older age.
There is no need to add salt and sugar to these dishes. You should only add butter to porridge, but only a little - 5 mg, and a little olive oil- into vegetables.
The fourth complementary food is MEAT.
When the baby's first tooth comes out, meat is introduced into his diet. It is added little by little to vegetables.
In the first year of life, it is better to use hypoallergenic low-fat varieties, such as turkey, rabbit, and lean pork. Closer to the year, you can introduce veal and chicken. At first, you need to give meat every other day, then you can give it every day - it depends on the child’s food preferences.
The fifth complementary food is COOK.
Starting from 8 months, you can and should introduce low-fat cottage cheese into your child’s diet. This is done according to general rule, gradually the volume of its consumption is increased to 50 g, no more. The baby can eat cottage cheese before morning porridge.
The sixth complementary food is JUICES AND FRUIT.
Fruits in a baby’s diet appear first in the form of fruit puree, then as freshly squeezed juices. It's better to start with an apple. Bake it in the oven; if it is very sour, sweeten with fructose. Give a baked apple in the morning before porridge or instead of porridge, with cottage cheese.
Among fruits in the first year of life, you can also introduce pears, plums, bananas (closer to the year).
Juices should be diluted with water and used as a drink (after meals).
The seventh complementary food is KEFIR.
From 9 months, your baby can be given kefir before bedtime, increasing its consumption to 200 ml. That is, kefir can completely replace this feeding. If you continue to breastfeed your baby and you have enough milk, kefir can be avoided for up to a year or even longer.
After the baby is one year old, you can diversify his table by introducing more vegetables, fruits, and cereals. Let him try everything that is customary to eat in your family, but very carefully and little by little. After a year, be sure to introduce a whole egg (omelet) - 2 times a week instead of porridge.
It is very important to maintain a strict feeding schedule for your child and not allow him to snack.
Remember that breast milk is food, not a sedative. Give breastfeeding only during feeding hours after the main meal.
Of course, as you introduce complementary foods, your milk supply will decrease and you can begin to gradually wean your baby off the breast. But in any case, you will feed for as long as you want. Morning breastfeeding can be left even for the entire second year of the baby’s life.
At about the age of 6-8 months, exclusive breastfeeding for most children can no longer fully meet the needs of a growing body. The child develops emotions and interest in various foods. He can already swallow lumps of food. The child occupies a fairly stable vertical position. The baby's digestive system matures to such an extent that it can accept not only breast milk, but also denser foods. During this period, the mother's lactation becomes stable. The production and release of breast milk adapts to the baby's every need. Therefore, psychological factors influence lactation to a lesser extent, and the introduction of additional food does not negatively affect the volume of breast milk.
What is complementary feeding?
Complementary feeding is any food denser than breast milk that supplements the diet of a growing child after 6 months of life. It should be noted that solid food significantly complements breast milk in the second half of life, but is not the basis of the child’s diet. It becomes the main one after about a year, when breast milk is a pleasant supplement and an opportunity to maintain psycho-emotional contact between mother and child longer.
Why do you need to introduce complementary foods to your baby?
The first goal is that the child needs solid food for additional energy, vitamins, microelements and other substances. Solid foods contain more of them per unit volume than breast milk. For example, 100 ml of breast milk contains about 67 kcal, 100 grams of porridge contains at least 280 kcal, and 100 grams of meat contains 120-200 kcal. The second goal is that the child needs to gradually move from liquid food to a regular home diet. He cannot do this right away. It is during this transition period that the introduction of food products, adapted for age in consistency and composition. Thus, by introducing complementary foods, the mother gradually switches the child to regular homemade food and supplements the child’s diet with energy, nutrients, microelements and vitamins. Therefore, complementary foods should always be denser in consistency and/or higher in calories than breast milk. Understanding the goals of introducing complementary foods, the mother herself decides which products to introduce, focusing on national, family traditions, doctors' recommendations and financial possibilities. Solving these two “global” goals, the mother simultaneously stimulates the child’s production of enzymes with dense food, develops taste and sensations, promotes the child’s socialization, etc.
In order to safely transfer a child to “adult food”, it is necessary to adhere to sufficient simple rules introduction of complementary foods. This is due to the fact that children infancy especially vulnerable during the transition period.
WHO recommends the introduction of supplementary foods to breast milk after 6 months. However, the introduction of complementary foods should not be delayed beyond the age of 8-9 months, since at the age of 9-10 months and older it can sometimes be difficult to do this. At the same time, it is quite possible for violations of eating stereotypes to appear, when, for example, a child can eat only liquid food even after 1-2 years. Also, by this age various deficiency conditions can develop (lack of vitamins, iron, etc.). Therefore, most optimal time introduction of complementary foods should be considered at the age of 6-8 months. In rare cases, complementary foods can be introduced between 5 and 6 months of life. But these situations are individual and must be determined by a doctor for a particular child. For children receiving adapted artificial formulas, the timing and principles of introducing complementary foods are the same as for breastfed children.
What foods should you give your child and which should you avoid?
In general, you need to highlight everything three main complementary foods - cereals, vegetables and meat. Some authors also highlight educational complementary foods, which they propose to introduce before the introduction of main complementary foods. This complementary food consists of fruits. Its purpose is to determine within 3 weeks the child’s readiness for solid food. However, given the likelihood of intolerance to fruits in infant in 20-60% of cases and the absence of any significant nutritional value, it is optimal to immediately begin introducing basic complementary foods.
It is also proposed to introduce kefir as the main complementary food. However, kefir is not a solid food and has lower calorie content than breast milk. Therefore, kefir for a child over 8 months should rather be considered as an additional food that is offered to him for variety. It must be remembered that Narine, Biolact, yogurt and other unadapted fermented milk products have no advantages over kefir for a child.
Whole cow or goat milk It is not recommended to administer before 12-18 months of life. This is due to excess protein load, the risk of allergic reactions, loss of iron through the intestines, etc.
There is no point in using liquid and semi-liquid foods as complementary foods. The use of 5-10% of cereals, which were widespread not so long ago, is inappropriate, since they do not fulfill one of the most important goals of this period - accustoming and transitioning the child to solid food. When diluting porridge, the amount of energy per unit volume also decreases.
There is no need to introduce meat and fish broths, as a separate type of complementary foods. They are an extract from products and have high allergenic properties and an irritating effect on the baby’s gastrointestinal tract. In addition, the calorie content of broths is close to zero.
Juices and fruits. Currently, the introduction of juices and fruits into a child’s diet before 6-8 months is considered unnecessary. This is due to their negative effect on the child’s gastrointestinal tract, especially before the age of 4 months. Also, early administration of juices contributes to the appearance of allergic reactions in the child, colic, loose stools, decreased weight gain, etc. In addition, the consistency of juices is liquid and their calorie content is 30-50 kcal per 100 ml (breast milk contains 67 kcal per 100 ml). When introducing a significant volume of juices to an infant, against the background of the risk of various disorders, there is a possibility of displacement of breast milk and a decrease in the overall intake of daily energy. And introducing juices in a volume of a few drops or milliliters is simply pointless, since they will no longer have any nutritional value. Therefore, juices and fruits should be added to one of the already introduced complementary foods as a flavoring additive. You can also offer them to the child after he receives the main food (porridge, vegetables, meat). If the baby refuses juices or fruits, then it is painless to temporarily exclude them from the diet.
Porridge and vegetables. A child's first complementary food from the age of 6 months can be porridge or vegetables. It is traditionally accepted that cereals are used as the first complementary food for children with low body weight gain, and vegetables for children with a tendency to constipation. Taste is also important. Some children, after trying more palatable cereals, may refuse vegetables. Therefore, in the question “what to enter first?” needs to be approached individually. If porridge is introduced first, then vegetables will be the second complementary food. And vice versa.
Gluten-free cereals (rice, buckwheat and corn) should be introduced into the child’s diet first, so that intolerance to this protein does not develop. Semolina porridge should be excluded as a regular food product for an infant. This is due to the low nutritional value and high gluten content of semolina. Semolina porridge can be used closer to the year for variety. Other gluten-containing cereals can be included in a child’s diet from 8 months.
Vegetable complementary foods are a puree of available products: zucchini, potatoes, cabbage, pumpkin, carrots. Zucchini can be considered the most “neutral”. Having a low calorie content comparable to fruit, zucchini is better tolerated by children. You can use different varieties of cabbage - white cabbage, kohlrabi, cauliflower. Potatoes are high in starch, which can cause gas in some children. “Colored vegetables” are introduced second.
You should not add whole cow's or goat's milk to cereals and vegetables. Instead, you can add expressed breast milk or adapted mixtures to improve the taste, but not to dilute these dishes.
Meat. Meat feeding is the third. This product is important for the baby as it is a source of iron. Low-fat varieties are used as complementary meat. The safest meat to start with is rabbit, turkey, veal, and pork. If the child does not have a tendency to allergic reactions, then any type of meat can be introduced first. Chicken and fish should not be introduced first. Fish is an essential product in a child’s diet. However, due to the high allergenicity, fish dishes should be introduced closer to the year.
Other products used in children of the first year of life.
Yolk. It has no significant nutritional value for infants, but has high allergenic properties. Therefore, the yolk can be introduced closer to the year or not given to the baby at all.
Cottage cheese. It is a cow's milk protein concentrate. Along with its high protein load, cottage cheese is a potentially allergenic product. Therefore, along with other non-adapted dairy products, it can be introduced closer to 12 months.
Cookies, dry goods, etc.. These products are in addition to basic complementary foods. They should not dominate the child’s diet.
Compote, tea, herbal infusions. Having almost zero caloric content, they can displace the main solid food due to their volume. This will lead to insufficient energy and nutrients for the baby. In addition, teas and herbal decoctions should not be used at all in children of the first year of life, since they significantly reduce the absorption of iron from the intestines.
Water. A baby who is exclusively breastfed does not need additional water. After the introduction of solid foods (complementary foods) begins, it is necessary to offer the child clean water to drink. drinking water without any additives.
How to give complementary foods?
The consistency of all complementary foods should be puree. After introducing one or two complementary foods, it is quite acceptable to introduce fruits and juices into the diet. They should be given to the child between main feedings or added to complementary foods to improve taste.
It is necessary to observe the gradual and consistent introduction of each complementary food. First feeding begin to administer 0.5-1 teaspoon, reaching a full volume of 120-150 g (maximum 200 g) per feeding for 10-14 days. In this case, only one product should be used (for example, only buckwheat). After this, if well tolerated, it is necessary to gradually introduce other products of this complementary food (after buckwheat, introduce rice or corn). New products can be given in mixture with already introduced ones or separately. Second feeding You can start administering it no earlier than 3-4 weeks after the first one. In this case, it is also necessary to gradually increase the volume to 120-150 g (maximum 200 g) and sequentially introduce the products of this complementary food (after zucchini, for example, cabbage, potatoes, etc.). Third food traditionally meat. The peculiarity of introducing meat is that it is usually added to cereals or vegetables. Typically the volume of meat is 50-70 g per day. After introducing 50-70 g of one type of meat, other varieties can be introduced. Meat must be given to the baby daily.
After introducing the three main complementary foods, it is necessary to formulate the child’s diet, which is accepted in the family. At about 8 months of age, your baby should receive solid foods at least 3 times a day.
Many authors believe that complementary feeding products should be given to a child after breastfeeding. This is justified by the fact that introducing complementary foods before breastfeeding can lead to a decrease in lactation. On the other hand, not every child will agree to vegetable puree or porridge after breast milk. In addition, in the second half of the year the risk of hypogalactia is significantly lower. Therefore, this issue should be approached individually.
Currently, the so-called canned or boxed food is widely used for infants, which has the advantage that it is made from high-quality and environmentally friendly products. At the same time, there are still various industrial complementary foods on the Russian market that contain obsolete baby food products. In addition, on some packages there are recommendations for the introduction of these complementary foods from 2-3 months. Therefore, it is necessary to take a differentiated and careful approach to the use of industrial complementary foods and, in some situations, consider it preferable to use conventional products.
When introducing any new product, it is necessary to assess the child’s tolerability. To do this, most often it is enough to monitor the child’s well-being, his stool and allergic reactions. If dyspeptic stools, regurgitation, skin rashes or obvious anxiety of the child appear, the administered product is discontinued. Repeated attempts to introduce complementary foods should be postponed for 1-2 weeks, during which it is possible to feed the baby only breast milk.
The use of salt in the diet of an infant is inappropriate. This is an adult eating stereotype that cannot be applied to infant.
In the second half of the year, the rate of increase in the child’s body weight decreases and averages 400-450 g per month or about 15 g per day. Thus: - in the second half of life, the child continues to receive breast milk/adapted formula. The mother must maintain lactation and continue breastfeeding until 1.5-2 years and longer - starting from 6-8 months, three complementary foods are included in the diet in sequence in compliance with the basic principles of dietetics - additionally, juices and fruits can be added to the diet after 6 months for the purpose of variety and improvement of taste, but not as complementary foods - the introduction of unadapted fermented milk products should begin no earlier than 8 months of life, and whole cow's milk no earlier than 12 months - when introducing new foods in the diet, monitoring the child's well-being is required.
Here is a scheme for introducing basic complementary foods
Yakov Yakovlev, head of the pediatric department
City Children's Clinical Hospital No. 4 of Novokuznetsk
Complementary feeding is a non-dairy food of a thicker consistency than breast milk, with a gradually more complex composition, which complements the child’s diet, enriching it with energy, nutrients, minerals, fiber, vitamins and microelements.
Types of complementary foods: – vegetable, fruit
Cereal
Mixed (milk-cereal, fruit-dairy, meat-vegetable, etc.).
The introduction of complementary feeding is associated with the need to meet the child’s increased needs for energy, basic nutrients, minerals, vitamins, etc. while maintaining the previous volumes of nutrition; adapt the child to food of varied composition by developing metabolic pathways, enzymatically providing new food ingredients, creating new taste sensations; timely formation of developing nutrition skills.
Signs of readiness for the introduction of complementary foods: The child is 5-6 months old, when he has already doubled his birth weight, but no more than 8-9 months; fading of the “pushing” reflex with the tongue with a good reflex of swallowing food; the child’s readiness for chewing movements when a pacifier or other objects gets into the mouth; if teething has begun; sitting confidently or holding your head to express emotional attitude to food or satiety; the maturity of the gastrointestinal tract function is sufficient to absorb a small amount of a solid complementary food product without indigestion or an allergic reaction to this product.
Rules for introducing complementary foods:
Complementary feeding can be introduced only when the child is healthy and has a well-functioning intestine
Complementary feeding is not given when living conditions change: moving, changing place of residence, in the heat, immediately after an illness, during the period of preventive vaccinations
The introduction of any new type of food should begin with one type of product. Once you are convinced that it is well tolerated, you can gradually offer a mixture of two and then several products.
complementary foods should be semi-liquid, pureed and not cause difficulty in swallowing
You cannot introduce 2 new types of complementary foods at the same time, you cannot combine 2 solid and 2 liquid foods in one feeding
complementary foods are given before breastfeeding (from a bottle) from a spoon, and not through a pacifier. Gradually move on to thicker and then denser foods.
2 important principles:
gradually increase the volume of complementary foods (from 1/2 teaspoon) and gradually change the consistency of the product
It is important how the child learns a new dish. An indicator of good tolerability is: absence of regurgitation; no changes in stool (in frequency and quality); no skin changes.
Preparing for the introduction of complementary foods:
By the time complementary feeding is introduced, the child should have a structured feeding regimen: 5 daily feedings with 4-hour breaks between them. This regime is developed more often from 4 to 4.5 months.
The first product that can be introduced to a child is clarified juice (without sugar). Juices begin to be given at 4 months of age with half a teaspoon, after one of the morning feedings. It's better to start with apple juice. Gradually increase the amount of juice introduced and within 5-7 days bring it to 4-6 teaspoons; by the end of the month the amount of juice can reach 40 ml.
If the juice is more than 40 - 50 ml, it can be given in 2 doses. After the child gets used to one type of juice (after 3-4 weeks), you can start giving other juices, also introducing them gradually, so as not to provoke the development of an allergic reaction.
After the child has mastered juice, at 4 - 4.5 months you can add fruit puree to the diet. This is a thicker dish and is a testing (training) complementary food. The first time it is introduced during the second feeding, after the child has eaten a little, but still retains his appetite, 1/2 tsp is placed on the middle part of the tongue. applesauce. Then gradually, over the course of a week, the amount of puree is increased to 20 g (1/2 tsp = 2 - 3 g), and then its amount is increased to 40 - 50 g per day. As the child masters nutrition, puree is given before breastfeeding (formula) from a spoon.
When breastfeeding healthy children, 1 main complementary food is prescribed between 5 and 6 months of life, after the child has become familiar with and tolerates juices and fruit purees well.
In the hot season, during acute illnesses, and in case of intestinal disorders, complementary foods are prescribed at a later date.
at 4 - 4.5 months, complementary foods are prescribed to children who are not gaining weight well, who are slowing down the rate of physical development, or who have persistent regurgitation. It is more advisable for such children to start introducing complementary foods with vegetables, as they are rich in vitamins, minerals, fiber, and pectin.
If the child is healthy, then you can start introducing complementary foods with cereals (porridge). For healthy children, both complementary foods (vegetable and cereal) are equivalent.
In Russia I traditionally use porridge, in Europe - vegetables.
If you choose porridge, then keep in mind that the first porridge should be gluten-free - rice, buckwheat. Industrial instant porridges have a guaranteed composition, are enriched with a complex of vitamins and microelements, and are simple and easy to use. It’s better to start with “gray” porridges - buckwheat, oatmeal.
If you start with vegetables, then it is important - it should be a monopuree, they should consist of one type of vegetable, and the selected vegetables should contain coarse fiber. Porridge is introduced into the second feeding, vegetable puree is more convenient to be introduced into the third feeding.
Porridge is introduced into the second feeding, displacing the “training” complementary foods, starting with 1 - 2 tsp, gradually increasing the volume, bringing it to the maximum allowable volume - 150 g over 2 weeks, the missing volume of nutrition (up to 200 ml) is supplemented – breast milk or adapted formula.
Weeks 3 and 4 from the start of complementary feeding are given to assess porridge tolerance. That. The period for introducing complementary foods is 4 weeks. Industrially produced porridges must be dissolved strictly according to the instructions, porridge from a mixture of cereals is given only after 8 months, porridges with additives (fruits, vegetables) require individual tolerance to be taken into account and are introduced from 11 to 12 months.. From 9 to 10 months, industrial porridges can be introduced, requiring cooking, or prepared by the mother from cereals.
Second feeding. If porridge was used as the first complementary food, then the second complementary food healthy child there will be vegetables.
The introduction begins with one type of vegetables with delicate fiber (zucchini, cauliflower, turnips, squash, potatoes). Then the range of porridges is gradually expanded using “light-colored” pumpkin, white cabbage, carrots, and much later – tomatoes, green peas. If you are preparing a mixture of vegetables, then the amount of potatoes should not be more than 20 - 25% of the total volume of the dish.
Complementary foods are introduced at the third feeding. Vegetable puree is given before breastfeeding from a spoon, starting from 1 - 2 tsp, up to 75 - 80 g in 1 week. Gradually, during the second week, the volume of vegetable puree is increased to a maximum of 150 g per feeding. The consistency of the puree gradually changes, for the first 2 weeks it is more liquid (liquid sour cream), then from the 3rd week it becomes thicker, from the 4th week vegetable oil is added to the puree. Because the one-time amount of food should be 200 ml, the child receives the missing 50 ml from breast milk (adapted formula or fruit juice).
After 6 – 6.5 months, a hard-boiled yolk is introduced into the baby’s diet. chicken egg. It is ground with porridge or vegetable puree. Begin by introducing one grain at a time, increasing over 2 weeks to 1/2 yolk per day. At first they give it 2 times, then 5 times a week.
When a child introduces thick foods into his diet, he should offer water in the intervals between feedings at the rate of 15–20 ml/kg of weight.
The third complementary food is meat. Meat is introduced after the introduction of 2 complementary foods, starting from 7 - 7.5 months. It is recommended to use lean beef. It is boiled twice and passed through a meat grinder, or rubbed through a sieve. Later they begin to use rabbit, chicken, and lean pork in their diet. Or they use ready-made meat mixtures, special canned meat for children.
From the moment meat is introduced into the diet, the formation of lunch begins. Minced meat is introduced into the third feeding by reducing the proportion of vegetable puree. The amount of minced meat is increased gradually, starting from 3 - 5 g (1/2 - 1 tsp). Over the course of two weeks, the amount of minced meat is increased to 15 - 20 g, over the course of 3 - 4 weeks - up to 30 g, observing the tolerability of the product.
From the moment teeth appear, from 7 to 7.5 months, the child can be offered crackers.
K receives 50 g of meat, by the end of the year 60 - 70 g of meat. Gradually change the degree of meat grinding. So from 10 months you can offer your child meatballs, from 12 months - a cutlet.
After introducing meat complementary foods, you can offer children industrially produced canned meat and vegetables. From 10 months You can offer your child pureed vegetable soup. \
Cottage cheese is introduced into a child’s diet no earlier than 6 months, but given its lack of adaptation to baby food and its high protein content, it is better to start introducing it by one year of age.
Meat broth is rich in extractive substances that have allergenic properties; it is introduced very gradually and very carefully. Begin to introduce small amounts as part of vegetable soup from 10 months.
When the child is well accustomed to meat and vegetables, he should no longer be given them in the form of puree and minced meat, but in the form of meatballs, steamed cutlets or soufflés, vegetables in the form of vinaigrette, etc. Thus, we gradually accustom the child to eating pieces, gradually developing his skills in biting and chewing solid food.
For children on artificial feeding, the introduction of complementary foods can be started 2 weeks earlier than on natural feeding. The pace and rules for introducing complementary foods are similar to those for natural feeding.
Mother's breast milk is not only food for a newborn, but also drink. And with this milk, the child receives all the necessary substances that are so significant for his development and growth. Of course, this applies to those mothers who do not have problems with lactation and whose children gain weight in accordance with the norm. Then the first complementary foods can be introduced to the child from the sixth month. When a baby is bottle-fed, this happens a little earlier.
Therefore, infants whose main type of feeding is formula milk are allowed to start feeding a new product about three weeks earlier. In some cases, the baby may not take complementary foods. Take your time and don't feed him against his will. The optimal solution to this problem is to return to the previous diet, and you can offer to try a new dish after a few days.
New types of products should be introduced into the infant’s menu without haste. It is a good idea to consult a pediatrician. Otherwise, premature or late introduction of complementary foods will not affect in the best possible way on child development. The doctor’s task at this stage is to assess the health of the infant, measure the rate of growth and weight gain.
Introducing complementary foods ahead of schedule can cause food intolerance in the child, which is explained by the incomplete formation of the baby’s digestive system. An allergic rash may also appear, and the mother's lactation may be reduced.
Introducing complementary foods later than the due date for breastfeeding children threatens to develop a lack of essential minerals, vitamins, and proteins. The level of not only physical, but also mental development baby.
Therefore, the issue of introducing complementary foods must be resolved in a timely manner.
To know when to start introducing solid foods to your baby, use the following signs:
- The baby's first teeth have erupted;
- the child’s weight has increased at least 2 times since birth (for premature babies, the weight increase should be 2.5 times);
- the child sits firmly, leaning on his back, can take food with his hands, lean his body towards the spoon, demonstrating his readiness to accept a new dish;
- the baby asks for the breast more often. This means that the food he receives is not enough for him, or the nutritional value of the milk does not meet the needs of his body;
- looks at food with interest, which can be expressed in the opening of the mouth at the sight of food, tightly clenching the lips;
- when trying to feed something new, the child stopped pushing out the spoon with food with his tongue.
If most of the signs are present, you can begin to introduce the infant to new foods.
If you have scheduled a vaccination, postpone the introduction of complementary foods to a later date. late date. Complementary foods should be introduced according to established rules. When teething, the child is unwell, or there is extreme heat, new foods cannot be introduced. Postpone complementary foods for 3 weeks. This also applies to the arrival of guests, an upcoming trip, climate change, or moving.
Complementary foods include vitamins and minerals. However, in addition to these components, the infant’s body also receives fiber, which helps to activate motor activity intestines.
Complementary feeding is the stage of transferring infants from the liquid consistency of food to a more solid one. For the first feeding of breastfed children, puree is suitable. It is advisable that it be potato, zucchini or carrot puree. Complementary foods should be introduced gradually in small portions.
For the first time, the puree that is given to an infant as complementary food should not exceed 2 g. This is done before feeding with breast milk. Good acceptance of the product and the absence of any negative reaction may indicate that the amount of complementary foods can be gradually increased by one or two teaspoons. A couple of weeks of such feeding and you can feed the baby pureed vegetables instead of one breastfeeding. Formula-fed children are taught this a little earlier. Complementary foods replace the second or third feeding.
Second feeding
Upon reaching 6 months of age, the child is introduced to a second complementary food. For the second feeding, breastfed babies are fed porridge. Among the optimal varieties of this type of food, buckwheat rice and corn porridge stand out. Nutritionists agree not to use semolina porridge as a second complementary food, explaining this by the presence of gluten in it. After all, when it enters the body in large quantities, it is harmful to the child. Thus, it is not recommended to introduce porridges that contain gluten (semolina, wheat, oatmeal) into the diet of a child under one year old.
Factory-produced cereals are ideal for a breastfed baby, as they contain all the nutrients necessary for baby food. In addition, the packaging of baby food products contains detailed information regarding age restrictions and preparation methods.
Third feeding
By the 7th month of the baby’s life, the third complementary food should be introduced. At this stage, the child begins to be given broth with crushed crackers in it, which are made from white bread. The child should be given two teaspoons of broth before the vegetable puree. Gradually the amount of broth needs to be increased. And after a few weeks, you can begin to introduce your child to pureed vegetable soup with meat broth.
By the end of the 7th month, boiled chicken and veal are added to the baby’s menu. You can try giving meat puree. With the onset of the 10th month, the child can already eat meatballs little by little. Breastfed babies are also allowed to be given bread as complementary food. By the way, it is subsequently replaced with crackers. By the end of 11 months - meatballs and steamed cutlets. In addition to meat, the child's menu should also include fish. The third feeding replaces another feeding, leaving only morning feeding and evening feeding.
When children reach one year of age, the moment comes for them to be weaned and transferred to adult independent feeding. However, there are often cases when doctors insist on extending breastfeeding. It should be remembered that in the summer, during extreme heat and when the child is ill, you cannot stop breastfeeding!
The introduction of complementary foods is very important for the child’s health, since new products gradually accustom the child’s body to tougher foods. As a result, the child’s dentofacial apparatus is correctly formed, intestinal function is improved, and movements are improved (the child learns to drink from a mug correctly and hold a spoon).
For the convenience of parents, pediatricians have developed a special nutrition table for infants, which reflects the child’s age by month, the name of the food and the time of feeding. So if you are wondering when to introduce new foods to infants, this chart can be used.
Transfer children from breastfeeding and feeding with formula milk to the “adult table” should be done in stages over several months. Introducing new products to infants should be done with extreme caution, since it is not always possible to be 100% sure of the body’s positive reaction to a regular product. Therefore, when you introduce the first complementary foods to your baby, adhere to the following rules.
:
- prepare food in a special way, chopping and diluting it with mother’s milk or water (exclusively boiled).
- Complementary foods should be introduced gradually. To begin with, a portion on the tip of a teaspoon is enough. Then, day by day, you can increase this amount to the norm corresponding to his age.
- Try to give your baby complementary foods before the second half of the day.
- When introducing complementary foods, carefully monitor your child. If warning signs such as redness, skin rash, or abdominal pain appear, immediately exclude this product from your child’s menu.
- You should not give your child several new types of foods at once, as this may make it difficult to determine which specific food may cause an allergy.
- Before giving complementary foods, feed the baby the usual food, and after that give complementary foods and the usual food again. Juices should be given between feedings.
- complementary foods should be prepared from fresh products, or ready-made food should be used baby food from the store.
- When purchasing ready-made food, look at the date of manufacture. Take into account the composition. The best one is one that does not contain salt, sugar, dextrose and sucrose.
Parents should be aware that late introduction of complementary foods into the diet of infants inevitably leads to nutritional deficiencies. The child begins to lag behind physical development, the development of the chewing reflex is also disrupted. In addition, the time is missed when it is easier for the child to perceive new tastes and a thicker structure of food. This actually explains the requirement for timely and phased introduction of complementary foods for infants.
All photographic materials are taken from the site Google.Images.ru
