Seasonality
Seasonality is a general phenomenon in living nature, caused by changes in factors of inanimate nature throughout the year. This phenomenon is especially pronounced in the regular change of seasons in temperate and northern latitudes. In spring and summer, most animals reproduce, give birth, and by the end of summer and autumn they are preparing to endure winter conditions.
Five years later, a significant part of the children surveyed appreciate the anthropomorphic representation of real objects only as a decision of the artist - his drawing is more interesting and fun - and that is why in his own drawings of the same objects they recreate the images in realistic terms. Reconstruction and humanization of the educational process and its transformation into a subjective subject by taking into account the needs of children and related activities in the basis of adult educational intentions entails the need, under certain conditions, for children to challenge in creative situations, a connection with the formation of certain ways of action and mastery of technologies for finding solutions.
Adaptations of cold-blooded animals for wintering
Cold-blooded animals (for example, insects, amphibians, reptiles) endure the winter in an inactive state of winter dormancy. Changes occur in their body, which begin well in advance in the summer. By autumn, their reserves of nutrients increase, due to which their metabolism is maintained at a slower pace. The amount of water in their cells decreases. Despite this preparedness, many cold-blooded animals spend the winter in shelters where the harsh winter conditions are less severe.
Nature is presented to children in a certain range and depends on a certain algorithm. For example, we present a systematic narrative about the nature of information at different times of the year. Changes in inanimate nature in summer: key features of climate change: the hottest season of the year; the sunniest days; the winds rarely blow. Typical seasonal phenomena: drought; storm; hail; celestial arc; morning dew. Regularity: the day is the longest, the night is the shortest; there are big couples; drought; there is a risk of fires.
Changes in wildlife in summer: Changes in flora: grasses are blooming in the meadows - bush head, ryegrass, hay grass, meadow geraniums, chamomile, chamomile, poppy, etc. wheat crops ripen in the fields - rye, wheat, barley, oats. Many fruit trees and shrubs ripen in orchards, such as cherries, sour cherries, pears, plums, raspberries, blackberries, black currants. Vegetable gardens contain a lot of tomatoes, peppers, eggplants and carrots. There are many herbs in the forest and meadows - thyme, melon, mint, basil and others.
Adaptations of warm-blooded animals for wintering
Warm-blooded animals - birds and mammals. They have less ability to hypothermia than cold-blooded animals. Their constant body temperature is ensured by their high metabolic rate. To maintain the temperature at the same level, they develop such features as heat-insulating covers (down, feathers, hair), fat deposits, etc. To reduce heat transfer in winter conditions, they undergo autumn molting - a change in summer fur in mammals and plumage in birds to a thicker, winter one.
Regularity: All plants grow vigorously due to the natural factors they need. Species representation of the animal world: Insects - crickets, grasshoppers, ants, bees, ladybugs, dragonflies and others. Molinas, field mice, plums, hedgehogs. Reptiles - lizards, snakes, turtles. Birds - stork, swallow, sparrow. Regularity: Animals raise their children as birds teach them to fly and other animals find food. Behavior of people in nature during the summer: they carry out intensive agricultural work - they grow crops, reap fields, raise animals and feed them, prepare for winter summer fruits and vegetables.
Warm-blooded animals do not enter a state of winter dormancy if they can feed themselves during the winter. Mammals that are unable to obtain food in winter conditions hibernate. Hibernation is a state of decreased vital activity that occurs in warm-blooded animals in cases where food becomes inaccessible and maintaining high activity and intensive metabolism is impossible. Before hibernation, animals accumulate nutrients in the body, mainly fats up to 40% of body weight, and settle into a shelter.
Protect nature from fires. A walk on vacation - at sea, on a mountain, on excursions or hikes. Legends: people are lightly dressed; use different ways cooling; protect yourself from insect bites. Cognitive accents: informing children about heat as a factor in the existence of wildlife; presenting growth as a process. Changes in the inanimate nature of autumn: key features of climate change are: decreased sunlight; cooling; the air is more humid; It's cold in the morning. Typical seasonal phenomena: fog; frost; the wind is blowing.
Regularity: changes the length of day and night. Changes in wildlife in autumn: changes in the plant world: annual plants die in meadows. In the orchards, the trees are ripening - apples, pears, quinces, grapes. Vegetables ripen in the gardens; there is a lot of cabbage, carrots, onions, and potatoes. There are many flowers in the courtyards - chrysanthemums, chrysanthemums. In forests and meadows, tree leaves are colored yellow, brown, and orange. Regularity: seeds and fruits of plants ripen; Adaptive mechanisms of plants to store species are activated; Plants change their appearance.
Birds that are unable to provide themselves with food in winter conditions fly to warmer regions, where they find abundant food.
Regulation of seasonal changes in animal life
It is striking that there are connections between seasonal changes in the lives of animals and the seasonal variation of temperature. In the spring, when it gets warmer, migratory birds arrive, mammals awaken from hibernation, and cold-blooded animals emerge from their state of torpor. In autumn, with the onset of cold weather, the opposite happens. However, the preparation of animals for wintering begins in the summer, when there are favorable temperature conditions for them. This means that it is not temperature that regulates seasonal changes in the body. It has been established that the main regulating factor of complex seasonal changes in the life of animals and plants is not the change in annual temperatures, but regular annual changes in day length, not subject to random fluctuations, such as temperature. Changes in day length throughout the year serve as a signal that determines future seasonal changes in the body.
Animal behavior: Insects prepare for the winter, get stuck in tree bark and noise, and others die. Mammals prepare for winter by gathering food, changing coats, and hibernating. Migratory birds flying south to the herd and loneliness. Winter birds remain near populated areas. The wanderer searches for food by turning over long distances. Regularity: adaptive mechanisms of nature are developed to preserve species. Human behavior in nature in autumn: people continue to engage in agricultural activities - harvesting crops, planting fields, preparing food for domestic animals.
Seasonal changes in nature.« Enjoy: spring is coming...»
Snow has been lying on dead grass for a long time,
And their panicles saved the seed,
And it falls into the snow, alive,
And it freezes into the ice, clean of dust.
Everything is hidden by a veil of snow,
It was as if the world had gone silent from shock.
The earth is asleep, full of seed,
To wake up in the greenery of spring.
Protect forests from fires, and at the end of autumn, after completing work in the field, it is time for farmers to rest. Modes: Changed weather conditions make movement difficult. Cognitive accents: informing children about air as factors in the existence of living nature. Providing accessible information about the adaptation of living organisms to their environment. Changes in inanimate nature in winter: The key features of climate change are: winter is the coldest season; the sky is often covered with clouds; Precipitation is mostly snow.
Typical seasonal phenomena: snowfall, blizzards, blizzards, freezing of water bodies, defrosting of glass. Regularity: days are short and nights. Changes in wildlife: changes in flora in winter: there is no vegetation in the meadows. The grains in the fields are small and green. In gardens, trees are at rest. In vegetable gardens, spinach plants are green. In the forest there are coniferous trees and ivy. In the meadows, the plant world is at rest. Plants grow well in greenhouses and rooms. Regularity: Only plants whose leaves are covered with a waxy coating protect them from frost and frost.
P. Komarov
Target:
Developing skills for observing changes in nature and independent research.
Developing in students an understanding of the relationship between a plant organism and environmental conditions, developing the ability to identify early flowering plants.
Based on observations, identification of biological characteristics of early flowering plants.
Well developed plants that are well cared for by people. Behavior of the animal world: mammals - rabbits, deer, wild pigs infest the snow and look for grass, roots and seeds. Reptiles and insects are in a state of lethargy and have a significantly reduced metabolism. Birds, both wintering and wandering, approach populated areas to search for food. Regularity: It is difficult for animals to find food in winter. Human behavior in nature in winter: farmers sowed the seeds of most vegetable crops at the end of winter. Winter - good season for repair of agricultural machinery and equipment.
Formation careful attitude to nature.
Development of dialectical-materialistic views on nature.
Tasks:
Identify signs of the onset of spring in living and inanimate nature.
Introduce students to the different periods of spring.
Establish reasons early flowering woody and herbaceous plants and changes in seasonal phenomena in plant life.
People place food for forest animals in pre-prepared feeders. Cognitive emphases: Providing children with information about water. Changes in inanimate nature in spring: Key features of climate change: the weather is warming up and the days are getting longer. The snow melts and this increases the grandeur of the river. Typical seasonal phenomena: fog; sometimes snowfall; freezing; floods; flowering fruit trees and herbs. Jurisdiction: The likelihood of flooding increases due to rapid snow melt. Changes in life: changes in the plant world in the spring: lawns begin to grow grasses.
To promote the aesthetic education of students through the means of nature and art.
Equipment and design:notebook (notebook) for notes, pencil (pen), instruction cards, excursion magnifying glasses.
Excursion location : forest biocenosis.
Time: end of April - May.
Gardens bloom in gardens. Vegetable and wheat fields grow and grow, vegetables and grains are sown. In the forest, meadows and meadows bloom, dandelion, primrose, Easter, fat and shepherd blossom. The development of hawthorn, thorn and thorn begins. Regularity: favorable climatic conditions and the presence of natural factors stimulate growth and development in the plant world. Species representation of the animal world: Insects - bees, flies, mosquitoes, butterflies, ladybugs. Reptiles - turtles, lizards, snakes. Birds - Return of migratory birds.
Regularity: Birds nest in nests, they lay eggs and hatch their little ones. Mammals give birth to their babies and raise them. Human behavior in nature in spring: corn, beans and alfalfa are sown in the fields; caring for the plants they planted with early age; caring for the pets they raise; cleanse your houses; change your clothes. Their holiday is most often associated with the celebration of various spring holidays and various types tourism. Regularity: people's mood increases.
Student age: 6th grade
Preparing students for the excursion:
1. Talk with students about the different periods of spring (weather patterns, changes in flora and fauna, the beauty of awakening nature, issues of its protection).
2. Introduce three new concepts about spring and indicate the timing of their onset:
Changed climatic conditions are suitable for various environmental protection measures. Cognitive accents. Summarize information about circles in nature. A new study by French scientists has found that summer in Europe is now 10 days earlier than it was 40 years ago.
The influence of seasonal movement is evident in the earlier breaking of vineyards in France, cherry blossoms in Switzerland, summer flowers in England and other seasonal changes. The accelerated approach of summer has paralleled the increase in greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere over the past 50 years. Atmospheric warming plays an important role in early summer. This occurs as winter snow melts in Eastern Europe and cold air circulation decreases across the continent, explains climatologist Julien Catueu of the National Center for Meteorological Research in France.
"calendar spring" - March 1;"astronomical" - March 21 is the day of the vernal equinox throughout the globe (except for the polar regions), day is equal to night;"biological" the beginning of sap flow in Norway maple (March 24), and then in warty birch (April 8).
3. Assignment to students to prepare characteristics of each period of spring (March, April, May)
Accordingly, autumn and winter occurred later. When it comes to production food products, any change in seasons naturally affects flowering cycles associated with insect pollinators and other interdependent natural processes regulated by the seasons.
Climate change is shifting geographic poles
Melting ice sheets, especially in Greenland, change the Earth's gravity distribution. This causes the movement of the poles to change their direction. For almost the entire twentieth century, pole motion shifted slightly into Canada. But in the new century, this trend has changed dramatically - the polar movement is heading east to England, Surenta Adhikari of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory discovered.
4. Prepare children to perceive nature, draw attention to the objects of the “forest” ecosystem. Develop the ability to behave correctly in the forest.
Lesson progress
The Green Noise is going on,
Green Noise, spring noise!
Playfully disperses
Suddenly a riding wind:
The alder bushes will shake,
Will raise flower dust,
How do hydroelectric power plants damage rivers and nature?
Scientists believe that the change in the movement of the poles will be painless for the population of the Earth. Jonathan Overpeck, a professor of geophysics at the University of Arizona, says the phenomenon "underscores just how real and profound human influence is on the planet." Hydroelectric power produced by hydroelectric power plants is not green.
Hydroelectric power plants do not initially produce green energy, although the energy source - water - is attributed to renewable energy sources. The same is true for both large and small plants. This is due to the fact that for the construction of hydroelectric power stations, the flow of water is blocked by walls or barriers of the dam, and even very small barriers disrupt all the most important functions of the rivers, and they cease to act as biocorridors. This destroys biodiversity and negatively impacts nature in the area. Therefore, the energy produced by hydroelectric power plants cannot be called “green”.
Like a cloud everything is green
Both air and water!
Problematic question: How does spring come?
N.A. Nekrasov
Do you have to go far to find a fairy tale?
K. Ivanov
What happens to plants in spring?
The leaves are blooming, the first flowers are appearing, the grass is turning green...
In most areas of the globe there is a constant change of seasons. Spring gives way to summer, summer to autumn, autumn to winter. Every season is wonderful in its own way.
We are infinitely dear to both the green smoke of the birth of life and the sad withering of plants entering a state of dormancy. We are delighted by tiny lanterns of snowdrops, yellow lights of dandelions, bird cherry bushes wrapped in white shawls, the honey smell of linden, the aroma of Antonov apples, the first boletus encountered in the forest, the golden glow of maples, the unheated fires of rowan trees stripped by the October wind.
As a principle, it is collected at the expense of plant and animal species whose habitats are being destroyed directly - through direct accumulation, waterlogging or depletion, or indirectly - through the interruption of connections between ecosystems. In many cases, the construction of hydroelectric power plants is also associated with negative social impacts, affecting the economic and recreational functions of rivers and depriving local communities of resources.
The construction of barriers across the river - barriers, hydroelectric power stations and dams - has a serious impact on aquatic organisms that migrate. Each wall is an insurmountable obstacle for many organisms. Fish are most affected, as most fish species undergo seasonal, reproductive, and other migrations, up and downstream. This is especially true for species that carry out reproductive migrations, such as the sparrow and morunash - typical of many Bulgarian rivers.
The endless chain of changes in the face of nature is due to changes in the physiological state of plants depending on the seasons. Look out the window. Now spring is coming, one of the most amazing times of the year - the time of awakening of life.
Winter... Whirlwinds of February snowstorms swirl across the fields. The trees in the February forest seem lifeless. But is this true? Look at the leathery, dense catkins of alder or birch. They have been formed since the fall. The outer scales of these earrings reliably cover the flower buds from frost and winter evaporation. Having frozen thoroughly for 2–3 months, at the end of February they, without waiting for warm days, begin to slowly swell.
In March, when there is still snow everywhere, the trees celebrate spring. Despite the frosty air, the dark tree trunks warm up under the sun and melt the snow around them, creating thawed patches with exposed wet soil.
The sun appears. Spring warm rays fall on the Snowdrop.
A snowdrop looked out in the twilight of the forest
Little scout sent in the spring
Let the snow still rule over the forest
Let the sleepy meadows lie under the snow.
Let the ice remain motionless on the sleeping river -
Once the scout has come, spring will come.
E. Serov
Oh, how pleasant these sun rays are, I want to live: to bloom and please others.
Snowdrops the first spring plants are able to withstand frosts down to –10 °C, because the juice that fills them contains a lot of sugar, and sugar solutions do not freeze in mild frosts. They can't do without this device! There is still snow all around, but as soon as the first thawed patches appear, they are right there: blooming, in a hurry.
Their time is short. Flowering of early spring plants lasts only a month and a half, until the trees unfold their foliage and cover the sky above them, the light lovers.
They are not only a snowdrop, but also a snow drop, a snow flower, a scout, a harbinger of spring, a bully... And the Latin name Galanthus nivalis- snow-white snowdrop.
Why is this a bully?
All because he argues with the snow... Listen to one old story that has become a legend.
After being expelled from paradise, Adam and Eve walked through a snowy forest, and then several snowflakes fell on her cheek. They melted, and the droplets, falling to the ground, turned into flowers - snowdrops.
Perhaps the most active preparation for spring takes place at this time under the thick snow of the broad-leaved forest. If you dig up the snow here, you can find pale yellow sprouts with curled leaves and sometimes buds breaking through the fallen leaves. But in the fall these sprouts were not here!
The fact is that in a broad-leaved forest the soil does not freeze in winter due to the large amount of humus and deep snow cover, which create excellent thermal insulation. Thanks to this, the soil temperature here stays around 0 ° C all winter, so there remains unfrozen moisture available to plants.
As for the nutrients that are so necessary for growth, the development of plants under snow occurs at the expense of previously deposited reserves. For example, in lungwort and anemone these reserves are located in the rhizomes, in blueberries and goose onions - in bulbs, and in chistak and corydalis - in tubers.
Intensive respiration using these stored nutrients leads to an increase in plant temperature. Often the snow even melts around it. For example, in February, shoots of coltsfoot, planted in the fall, begin to grow under the snow. If you dig up a plant at this time, you will see that a tiny cave has melted in the snow cover around it. The severe frosts are still crackling, and spring is already beginning under the snow...
Winter still happens to be angry,
The last snowstorms take away the anger,
But day by day the cold weakens,
The sound of drops is heard more and more often.
Snow, having lost its diamond shine,
Running together in icy streams
To the spring madness of noisy rivers
And ice floes floating on water fields.
As soon as the birch trees begin to cut,
In a fluffy fur coat, felt boots,
A lilac flower is born
On a silvery and short stem.
And next to me there are people just like him,
Looks like little kittens
Having taken refuge from the cold into a sweet dream,
His little brothers are asleep.
Just enjoying the warmth of the sun,
Beautiful buds will open:
Thick blue with topaz tuft
The Easter chime will ring.
Spring has been a long time coming,
The eye is pleasing and tired without knowing
Dream-grass will bloom until summer
A flower in which all the beauty of the earth is!
Lumbago. In spring the sun does not always warm. Often the sky is covered with clouds, and cold rain and sleet lashes the ground. And there are often frosts at night. This is where the fur coat given by nature comes in handy for us, spring plants. Drops of rain roll off my silky hairs, and I come out unscathed.
Why do they call you dream-grass?
This herb has a calming and, in large doses, a hypnotic effect! And in the old days they placed it under the corner of a house under construction. It was believed that it brings happiness to the house.
There are lights at the edge,
A whole thawed patch.
Shorty stems
And the flower is small.
There are no leaves - it blooms,
Covered by cold.
Bees get the earliest honey
Gives from coltsfoot. L. Dunina
Coltsfoot Loves open, well-lit places. At the beginning of April, cheerful yellow inflorescences-baskets appear, and only then leaves. They are special. The upper side of the leaf, facing the sun, is smooth and dark green. The underside, facing the ground, is covered with white hairs, like felt. Place the top and bottom sides of a leaf on your cheek, and you will feel that the bottom is warmer than the top.
Lungwort obscure. One of the best spring honey plants. In the umbrella inflorescences you can simultaneously find half-blooming flowers with a pink corolla, blooming flowers of a purple color, and already fading flowers of a blue color. This helps pollinating insects: they only visit pink and purple flowers.
April, May will pass, June will come. The petals of spring flowers will fall, the fruits and seeds will scatter. The stems and leaves of many of them will wither. But spring flowers are perennial. This means that every summer only the upper, above-ground part of the plant dies. Roots, rhizomes, tubers and bulbs are hidden in the soil, in which nutrients accumulated over the summer are deposited. They will need them next spring.
Seeds are hidden in the soil. They froze. We fell asleep. Waiting for a new spring.
Thus, year after year, century after century, the cycle of life takes place in nature. If you come across a clearing in the forest in the spring, covered with flowers, do not touch them, do not collect a bouquet. Remember what a long, harsh winter they endured. They must not disappear!
Teacher: Guys, I suggest you go on an excursion to the spring forest.Let's remember what rules you need to follow when you come to the forest.
You cannot light a fire in the forest during a fire-hazardous time; before leaving, you must carefully check the place where the fire burned to see if it has been properly extinguished.
When in nature, you should not pick plants for bouquets. Bouquets can only be made from plants grown by humans.
You can collect medicinal plants only in places where there are many of them. Some plants must be left in nature.
Do not break branches of trees and bushes. Let beautiful plants and trees remain in nature.
In nature, especially in the forest, you need to try to walk along paths so that the plants do not die from trampling.
Again the birds fly from afar,
To the shores that break the ice,
The warm sun goes high
And the fragrant lily of the valley awaits.
A. Fet
What time of year is the poem talking about?
How did you guess that the poem talks about spring?
What signs of spring did the author name in his poem?
Today in the lesson we will go on a visit to spring and talk about what changes occur in nature with the arrival of spring.
Spring changes in inanimate nature. Listen to riddles about the spring months.
A warm south wind blows,
The sun is shining brighter,
The snow is thinning, softening, melting,
The loud rook flies in.
What month? Who will know? (March)
The river roars furiously
And breaks the ice.
The starling returned to his house,
And in the forest the bear woke up.
A lark trills in the sky.
Who came to us? (April)
The fields are turning green
The nightingale sings.
IN white the garden is dressed,
The bees are the first to fly.
Thunder rumbles. Guess,
What month is this?...(May)
What signs of spring have you heard?
Did the sun warm the earth equally in all spring months?
- Which spring month is the coldest?
The warmest? Why?
- Now let's imagine the sky. What is it like in the spring?
What kind of precipitation falls in spring?
Are there thunderstorms in spring? When?
2. Spring changes in wildlife .
It's time to talk about what changes occur in wildlife with the arrival of spring.
What happens to trees and shrubs in spring?
What happens to herbaceous plants?
- Name the herbaceous plants that bloom first?
Typically, early flowering herbaceous plants are called snowdrops. Why?
- Why do snowdrops bloom so early?
What flowers bloom in late spring, in May?
Many people collect bouquets of spring plants in the spring. Is it good?
During excursions, you will have to complete assignments by unit and provide a written report about today's excursion.
3. Write down an outline for the written report:
beauty spring nature(it is advisable to take a photograph of the first spring flowers);
life of herbaceous plants in forests, meadows, yard;
life of tree and shrub species;
signs of spring in the animal world.
wish to create a presentation in the programPowerPoint
4. Now let's have a competitionthe most observant, most intelligent and organized friends of nature. Students are divided into units.
Assignment for 1st link: students perform it in the forest, looking for a given number of species of flowering herbaceous plants; define them and make notes in a notebook in the form of a table:
Plant nameFeatures of the external structure
Flower (sketch)
Leaves (sketch)
Assignment for link 2: It is necessary to answer the questions: Neither the cornflower, nor the bluebell, nor the chamomile are blooming - why did the spring clear, oak anemone, lungwort, goose onion and other primroses grow and bloom so quickly? Which organs of these plants contain nutrients? Why are primroses in a hurry to bloom?
Assignment for 3rd link: observe the flowers of early flowering plants and answer the questions:
How often do insects visit these flowers?
What adaptations have these flowers developed for cross-pollination?
What causes the color of flowers?
Do flowers have nectaries?
Is it possible for these flowers to self-pollinate?
How do these plants reproduce if there are not enough pollinating insects during the flowering period?
While answering these questions, students look at primroses and take photographs of them.
Assignment for 4th link: watch the trees and shrubs bloom. Organize your records in table form.
Name of trees
and bushes
Appearance inflorescences
(schematic drawings)
Plants
monoecious or dioecious
Pistillate
flowers
Staminate
flowers
5. Gathering of students from all levels to complete the next task.
Cognitive tasks
1. Flowering of plants is possible if there is a supply of nutrients. Where is the supply of nutrients in woody plants?
2. Most trees bloom before the leaves bloom. What is the method of pollination in trees? How would the flowering of trees during the period of full leafing affect fruit formation?
3. It is estimated that trees have more staminate inflorescences than pistillate ones. Explain this phenomenon.
4. Why are the flowers of woody plants collected in inflorescences - catkin, panicle, raceme, and not in inflorescences - basket, spike?
5. When trees bloom, shrubs are in the budding phase. Why? Is wind pollination possible in shrubs?
Discussion of cognitive tasks.
Closing conversation: about the life of trees, shrubs, and perennial herbaceous plants in spring. Paying attention to the correspondence of the structure of plant organs to the functions performed, to the development of plants in relation to the environment.
Homework assignment .
1. Each unit submits a report on the results of the excursion“Look, spring is coming!” You can put legends and poems about spring flowers, drawings or photographs there.
Summing up the lesson-excursion and grading in the journal .
Now, guys, think and tell me, having been on such an excursion, what useful things did you get for yourself?
Literature:
Magazines Biology at school
Internet resources
Fiction
