Abstract of a series of articles
Asking questions is clean children's activity. This “terror” is well known to every parent without exception. But let’s say frankly that when teenagers are given the task of asking questions consciously, especially to a famous person, and even with subsequent publication, the guys have to really strain their brains. Journalism is included in the program of the club of young polar explorers operating under the auspices of the Encyclopedia. The guys treat this unusual activity with respect and interest. And yet, every meeting with the person being interviewed is not an easy task for them. The interview takes place via the Internet and e-mail, and questions are formulated jointly.
Have you ever been scared? Yes, when I fell into a crack in a glacier. She was covered with snow and could not be seen. It’s good that it turned out to be narrow and I got stuck in it)))
Vladimir Kiryanov lives in St. Petersburg. He is a real polar explorer. He loves his job and writes books. Vladimir is sociable; he met the offer to answer a number of questions that the guys wanted to ask him with a bang. Thirteen-year-old students of the Moscow Cadet Corps - participants in the S. Pokrovsky Club of Young Polar Explorers "Central Pole" - took the polar wolf into serious use...
What kind of houses do people live in in Antarctica?
Our houses are brightly colored (red, orange).
Externally, the houses look like containers or construction cabins, but are made of insulated sandwich panels and have windows on the ceiling and sides. There are 1-2 people living in a room (there are two in each house). In the vestibule there is a toilet and washbasin.
What do polar explorers eat?
Products are brought from Cape Town (South Africa) by plane, weekly, according to our request (more than 200 items, including fresh fruits and vegetables).
What do you cook with?
On an electric stove (like at home, only more powerful).
What purification system does drinking water go through?
The water does not need to be purified. We melt the ice and get distilled water to which we add vitamins, because pure form Drinking distillate is harmful.
How is waste disposed of?
All garbage from Antarctica, including food waste and empty fuel drums, is removed by plane and ship. The barrels are pre-pressed in the form of “tablets” 15-20 cm thick (to take up less space during export).
Is there a home refrigerator in Antarctica?
Necessarily! It stores yoghurt, milk, butter - products that can freeze outside. But to prevent bread from going stale for a long time, it is better to store it in the cold (you can check it yourself).
Have you seen polar bears and how did you manage to become friends with penguins?
I saw a bear in Severnaya Zemlya (Arctic). And penguins are in Antarctica. It is not possible to make friends with them, although penguins are very curious and run towards people, mistaking them from afar for their fellow creatures.
What do penguins feel like?
The feathers are hard. And underneath there is soft and warm fluff.
Can a plane make a soft landing in Antarctica?
The small plane can land on skis (instead of wheels) on snow up to 50 cm deep. And large planes (IL-76) land only on hard ice.
Did the ice break under you?
No. In Antarctica, there is 500 m of ice (glacier) below us.
How do polar explorers hold ice together?
No way. In the Arctic, at drifting stations, polar explorers select an ice floe several meters thick in advance so that it does not melt for a long time. And in Antarctica, the ice is already thick and durable, although often with cracks up to 20 m deep.
What color is ice?
Grey, blue, light blue. Transparent. It all depends on its thickness and the angle of refraction of sunlight.
How do you get around in bad weather?
When there is a strong snowstorm, it is better to stay at home. But at the stations where polar explorers live, cables and ropes are stretched, or railings are made to hold on to when moving during a snowstorm and in the dark.
Have you seen the aurora and do they differ in color in different hemispheres?
Saw. The sparkles are slightly different in color. In the south there is more red.
How do you wash your clothes while on an expedition?
If not washing machine or a vibrating tablet for washing, then simply in a basin, with soap and powder.
What household tricks do you use when living in Antarctica?
We make all sorts of devices to quickly dry shoes.
What do you do during your rest hours, do you miss home?
We miss it, of course, but now you can call home from almost anywhere using a satellite phone. In Antarctica we now have both e-mail and our 1st television channel (ORT).
How did you become a polar explorer?
I don't know myself. I went several times and really liked it.
How often have you been on an icebreaker?
Once I returned from Antarctica to Cape Town on an icebreaker, calling at other stations. I spent a whole month on it.
Have you ever been scared?
Yes, when I fell into a crack in a glacier. She was covered with snow and could not be seen. It’s good that it turned out to be narrow and I got stuck in it)))
How is electricity generated at the stations?
Each station has a 100 kilowatt diesel generator (powered by diesel fuel). It heats the entire station. Now they are beginning to increasingly use solar panels, and at some stations - wind generators.
What fuel is used for machinery?
Gasoline and diesel fuel. And for airplanes - aviation kerosene.
What is the most popular transport in Antarctica?
All-terrain vehicle. It's on tracks, so it goes everywhere.
Have you swam in the Arctic Ocean?
Yes, when I was a student in practice, on Severnaya Zemlya. And once - in Antarctica in a lake among ice floes (at Epiphany).
Vladimir Yuryevich Kiryanov was born in 1956 in the city of Lomonosov, Leningrad Region. After graduating from Leningrad State University (Faculty of Geography), from 1978 to 2002 he worked in Kamchatka at the Institute of Volcanology and the Institute of Volcanic Geology and Geochemistry. He studied volcanic eruptions in Kamchatka and in other areas of the world (Japan, Nicaragua, Hawaii, Mexico, Italy, Iceland, etc.). Author and co-author of more than 50 scientific articles. Candidate of Geological and Mineralogical Sciences.
In addition to his main job, over the years he was a co-owner of the travel company Alfa Tour, worked as deputy director for ecology in the Kamchatka branch of the Canadian gold mining company TVX Gold, and taught at the Kamchatka Pedagogical Institute. I have a license as a hiking guide. Since 2002, he has lived in St. Petersburg and works for the INTAARI company, which provides logistics support for international projects and expeditions in the Arctic and Antarctic. In the Arctic in 1976, he worked for more than four months as a placer gold panner during industrial practice on the island. October Revolution (Severnaya Zemlya archipelago), At the same time I visited the village. Dixon, village Khatanga and Norilsk. In 2005, as part of the preparation for an international expedition, I was in Chukotka. He worked for several seasons in Alaska and the Aleutian Islands. In 2010 and 2012, he provided logistical support to Swedish geological expeditions in Taimyr. For the last nine years, from 2 to 4 months a year, he worked in Antarctica, at the airfield of the Russian Antarctic station Novolazarevskaya as the head of the airfield. In 2006, on board the R/V Akademik Fedorov, he visited the Mirny and Progress stations. He made working visits to the Russian Bellingshausen station and international Antarctic stations in Great Britain, Germany, India and Chile. Vladimir Kiryanov is an associate professor at St. Petersburg State University and teaches the course “Volcanism” at the Faculty of Geology. Member of the Russian Interregional Writers Union, author of several fiction books.
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January 4, 2011, Tuesday.
If there is stability anywhere, it is in central Antarctica. Nature here seems to be numb from the frost and is not in the mood for change. It only got a little colder (-25° during the day and -35° at night), and the wind increased to 5-6 meters. However, even with such still relatively comfortable conditions It’s quite possible to get frostbite on some part of the body sticking out of your clothes (I’m talking about the nose, actually). Frostbite, as a rule, occurs unnoticed by the victim himself, so the first rule of climbers and polar explorers is to watch not only your nose, but also (first of all) the noses of your comrades.
The center of Vostok station is the so-called “radio house” - the only building where people live in winter. This structure measures approximately 40 by 10 meters, assembled from special thermal insulation panels. Another building where there is always a glimmer of life (and which gives life to the entire station) is the diesel power station (diesel power plant - in the photo on the right).
At one time there were two living quarters; the second one (it formerly housed the wardroom) is now used as a cold storage area.
The current station is the second, built in the 1970s, while the first, founded in December 1957, now lies under 3 meters of snow a couple of hundred meters away (outside the frame on the left).
Over almost 40 years of its life, the current premises of Vostok have fallen behind modern ideas about what an inland Antarctic station should be like. In the coming years (after completion of construction at Progress) there are plans to build a new, third, Russian station called Vostok. A few years ago, the frame of her future apartment building was assembled (outside the frame on the right).
Perhaps the most recognizable, and also visible from afar, symbol of the East were the 3 drilling rigs (pictured on the left). The highest (and farthest in the photo) is the famous 5G. Two old drilling rigs are now used as workshops, ice core storage facilities and living quarters, in which the glaciation drilling team traditionally lives during the summer seasons (December-January) (I am now living and writing these lines somewhere under the smallest triangular tower on the left in the photo).
There are several other small buildings for utility purposes in the East - warehouses, garages, a spare diesel power plant.
Most of the houses at the station have long been covered with snow. To get into them, you have to make your way through snow tunnels. For example, the entrance to the main building of the station is visible in the photo immediately to the left of the diesel power station, and it itself is in the central part of the photo, where there is a round white antenna.
My daily routine here is extremely simple: get up at 7.45 am, have breakfast at 8 am, and then work until about 10 pm (sometimes longer) with breaks for lunch at 1 pm and dinner at 7 pm. And so every day, seven days a week, throughout the season. Exceptions are bath days (on Saturdays) and holidays (station’s birthday - December 16 - and New Year), when you can quite afford to relax after dinner or even (here it is, happiness!) after lunch. So, if it were not for the bathhouse, the days of the week would not have any meaning here, and they could be forgotten.
Work - in addition to my own work, for which I came here (more on that next time), there are also general station work, for example, unloading airplanes or collecting snow, which is then melted into drinking water.
The food here is very simple, but healthy and satisfying, and most importantly, there is a lot of it! Don't know the best remedy to improve appetite than prolonged work in fresh frosty air.
This time the New Year was celebrated quite modestly - apparently because the majority of the station’s population had only recently arrived and barely had time to acclimatize - not before the holiday. Our detachment, according to tradition, gathered in the evening at the chief driller’s, and at half past eleven we went to the wardroom, where the entire station had already arrived. Congratulations, toasts to the success of all our undertakings, to a successful winter (for those who are facing it), to those who stayed at home... At one o'clock in the morning I already went to bed, without even waiting for New Year's Eve, Moscow time. And in other years there was Father Frost with gifts (and sometimes someone dressed up as the Snow Maiden), a salute of fireworks and rocket launchers, an after-party until the morning with a guitar...
By the way (I get asked about this all the time anyway), about drinking. For some reason, everyone is sure that polar explorers are constantly frying alcohol like hell. I won’t answer for everyone, people are different everywhere, but in our squad the number of gatherings with alcohol during the summer season can be counted on the fingers of one hand. We drink very rarely and little. And the reason is the simplest - there is no time. And drinking in the East is much worse than below, at coastal stations or on the mainland...
Today was the final flight of the Basler, which brought the last batch of products from Progress for the coming year, until the next season. Last night, the Canadian pilots spent the night at our station - there was bad weather at Progress, and the day before they were unable to fly. In the morning we gave them a tour of the drilling rig and core storage facility with a short lecture on glaciology... Now we will see them only at the end of the season, in early February.
And on yesterday’s flight, two people were taken out of the station for health reasons - one had pneumonia (which is easy to get here, but almost impossible to cure), the other had something else. In total, since the beginning of the season there have already been three - the first one was taken out almost immediately, and was not able to acclimatize. For any other station except Vostok, this would be an exceptional event, but for local conditions this, alas, is not uncommon.
Now there are 29 people at the station, 10 of whom will spend the whole year here, another 10 came here for the summer season, and the remaining 9 stayed after the previous winter to help with seasonal work, including drilling. Most have been to Antarctica more than once, but there are also newcomers. The head of the station is Lesha Turkeev, still quite young, but already a very experienced easterner.
See you in touch! Look forward to good news in the next report!
Its official goal was to study ancient Germanic culture, but its true goals were much deeper.
The theorists of fascism found a candidate suitable for their goals - the power-hungry Adolf Hitler, who had a mystical experience, and instilled in him the idea of world domination of the German nation. At the end of 1918, the young occultist Hitler was accepted into the Thule Society and quickly became one of its most active members. And soon the ideas of the Thule theorists were reflected in his book “My Struggle”. Roughly speaking, the Thule society solved the problem of bringing the German race to dominance in the visible - material - world. But “those who see in National Socialism only a political movement know little about it.” These words belong to Hitler himself. The fact is that the occult masters of Thule had another, no less important goal - to win in the invisible, metaphysical world. For this purpose, more closed structures were created in Germany.
So, in 1919, the secret “Lodge of Light” was founded (later “Vril” - after the ancient Indian name for the cosmic energy of life). Later, in 1933, the elite mystical order “Ahnenerbe” (Ahnenerbe - “Heritage of the Ancestors”), which since 1939, on the initiative of Himmler, has become the main research structure within the SS. Having fifty research institutes under its control, the Ahnenerbe society was engaged in the search for ancient knowledge that would allow them to develop the latest technologies, control human consciousness using magical methods, and carry out genetic manipulations in order to create a “superman”.
Practiced and unconventional methods gaining knowledge - under the influence of hallucinogenic drugs, in a state of trance or contact with the Higher Unknowns, or, as they called them, “External Minds”. Ancient occult “keys” (formulas, spells, etc.) found with the help of “Ahnenerbe” were also used, which made it possible to establish contact with “Aliens”. The most experienced mediums and contactees (Maria Otte and others) were involved in “sessions with the gods.” For the purity of the results, experiments were carried out independently in the Thule and Vril societies. They claim that some occult “keys” worked and almost identical technogenic information was received through independent “channels”.
Ancient high civilizations, in particular, information about the magical methods of Atlantis, which was considered the ancestral home of the Aryan race. Of particular interest to Nazi scientists was the technological knowledge of the Atlanteans, which, according to legend, helped to build huge sea vessels and airships driven by an unknown force.
In the archives of the Third Reich, drawings were found that explain the principles of “twisting” subtle physical fields, allowing the creation of certain techno-magical devices. The acquired knowledge was transferred to leading scientists to “translate” it into an engineering language understandable to designers.
One of the developers of technomagical devices is considered to be the famous scientist dr. IN. Noise. If you believe the evidence, then his electrodynamic machines, which used rapid rotation, not only changed the structure of time around them, but also hovered in the air. (Today, scientists already know that rapidly rotating objects change not only the gravitational field around them, but also space-time characteristics. So there is nothing fantastic in the fact that when developing a “time machine”, Nazi scientists obtained an anti-gravity effect. Another thing is that How controllable were these processes?)
There is evidence that a device with such capabilities was sent near Munich, to Augsburg, where its research was continued. As a result, the SSI technology division created a series of `flying discs' of the `Vril` type.
The next generation of `flying saucers` was the `Haunebu` series. These devices are believed to use some of the ideas and technologies of the ancient Indians, as well as the engines of Viktor Schauberger, a prominent scientist in the field of fluid movement, who created something similar to a “perpetual motion machine”. There is information about the development at the IV SS experimental design center, subordinate to the company ` Black sun`, a highly secret `flying saucer` `Honebu-2` (Haunebu-II). In his book “German Flying Saucers,” O. Bergmann cites some of it technical specifications. Diameter 26.3 meters. Engine: Thule-tachyonator 70, diameter 23.1 meters. Control: pulse magnetic field generator 4a. Speed: 6000 km/h (estimated - 21000 km/h). Flight duration: 55 hours and above. Adaptability to flights in outer space is 100 percent. The crew is nine people, with passengers - twenty people. Planned serial production: late 1943 - early 1944.
The fate of this development is unknown, but American researcher Vladimir Terzicki reports that a further development of this series was the Haunebu-III device, designed for air combat with naval squadrons. The diameter of the “plate” was 76 meters, height 30 meters.
Four gun turrets were installed on it, each of which mounted three 270mm guns from the cruiser Meisenau. Terziyski states: in March 1945, this “plate” made one revolution around the Earth. The “plate” was driven by a “free energy engine, which... used the practically inexhaustible energy of gravity.”
At the end of the 50s, Australians discovered among captured films a German documentary film report on the research project of the V-7 flying disk, about which nothing was known until that time. To what extent this project has been implemented is not yet clear, but it is reliably known that the famous specialist in “special operations” Otto Skorzeny in the middle of the war was tasked with creating a detachment of pilots of 250 people to control “flying saucers” and manned missiles.
There is nothing incredible in the reports about gravitational engines. Today, scientists working in the field of alternative energy sources know the so-called Hans Kohler converter, which converts gravitational energy into electrical energy. There is information that these converters were used in the so-called tachyonators (electromagnetic gravity engines) Thule and Andromeda, produced in Germany in 1942-1945 at the Siemens and AEG factories. It is indicated that these same converters were used as energy sources not only on “flying disks,” but also on some giant (5000-ton) submarines and underground bases.
Results were obtained by Ahnenerbe scientists in other non-traditional fields of knowledge: in psychotronics, parapsychology, in the use of “subtle” energies to control individual and mass consciousness, etc. It is believed that captured documents concerning the metaphysical developments of the Third Reich gave a new impetus to similar work in the USA and USSR, which until that time had underestimated such research or curtailed it. Due to the extreme secrecy of information about the results of the activities of German secret societies, today it is difficult to separate facts from rumors and legends. However, the incredible mental transformation that in a matter of years occurred with the cautious and rational German inhabitants, who suddenly turned into an obedient crowd who fanatically believed in delusional ideas about world domination, makes you think...
In search of ancient magical knowledge, the Ahnenerbe organized expeditions to the most remote corners of the globe: Tibet, South America, Antarctica... The latter was given special attention...
This territory is still full of secrets and mysteries. Apparently, we still have a lot of unexpected things to learn, including what the ancients knew about. Antarctica was officially discovered by the Russian expedition of F. F. Bellingshausen and M. P. Lazarev in 1820. However, tireless archivists discovered ancient maps, from which it followed that they knew about Antarctica long before this historical event. One of the maps, compiled in 1513 by the Turkish admiral Piri Reis, was discovered in 1929. Others also surfaced: the French geographer Orontius Phineus from 1532, Philippe Boishet, dated 1737. Falsifications? Let's not rush...
All these maps very accurately depict the outlines of Antarctica, but... without ice cover. Moreover, on the Buache map you can clearly see the strait dividing the continent into two parts. And its presence under the ice has been established using the latest methods only in recent decades. Let us add that international expeditions that checked the Piri Reis map found that it was more accurate than the maps compiled in the 20th century. Seismic reconnaissance confirmed what no one suspected: some of the mountains of Dronning Maud Land, hitherto considered part of a single massif, turned out to actually be islands, as indicated on the old map. So, most likely, there is no talk of falsification. But where did people who lived several centuries before the discovery of Antarctica get such information?
Both Reis and Buache claimed that they used ancient Greek originals when compiling the maps. After the discovery of the cards, a variety of hypotheses were put forward about their origin. Most of them boil down to the fact that the original maps were compiled by some high civilization that existed at a time when the shores of Antarctica were not yet covered with ice, that is, before the global cataclysm. It has been suggested that Antarctica is the former Atlantis. One of the arguments: the dimensions of this legendary country (30,000 x 20,000 stadia according to Plato, 1st stadia - 185 meters) approximately correspond to the size of Antarctica.
Naturally, Ahnenerbe scientists, who scoured the world in search of traces of Atlantean civilization, could not ignore this hypothesis. Moreover, it was in perfect agreement with their philosophy, which asserted, in particular, that at the poles of the planet there are entrances to huge cavities inside the earth. And Antarctica became one of the main targets of Nazi scientists.
The interest that German leaders showed on the eve of World War II in this distant and lifeless region of the globe could not be explained at the time. Meanwhile, the attention to Antarctica was exceptional. In 1938-1939, the Germans organized two Antarctic expeditions, in which Luftwaffe pilots not only explored, but also, with metal pennants with a swastika sign, staked out for the Third Reich a huge (the size of Germany) territory of this continent - Queen Maud Land (it soon received name `New Swabia`). The commander of the expedition, Ritscher, who returned to Hamburg on April 12, 1939, reported: “I completed the mission entrusted to me by Marshal Goering. For the first time, German planes flew over the Antarctic continent. Every 25 kilometers our planes dropped pennants. We covered an area of approximately 600 thousand square kilometers. Of these, 350 thousand were photographed.
Goering's air aces did their job. It was the turn of the “sea wolves” of the “submarine Fuhrer” Admiral Karl Dönitz (1891-1981) to act. And the submarines secretly headed to the shores of Antarctica. The famous writer and historian M. Demidenko reports that, while sorting through the top-secret archives of the SS, he discovered documents indicating that a squadron of submarines, during an expedition to Queen Maud Land, found a whole system of interconnected caves with warm air. “My submariners discovered a real earthly paradise,” Dönitz said then. And in 1943, another mysterious phrase came from his lips: “The German submarine fleet is proud that on the other side of the world it has created an impregnable fortress for the Fuhrer.” How?
It turns out that for five years the Germans carried out carefully hidden work to create a Nazi secret base in Antarctica, codenamed “Base 211”. In any case, this is stated by a number of independent researchers. According to eyewitnesses, already from the beginning of 1939, regular (once every three months) voyages of the research vessel Swabia began between Antarctica and Germany. Bergman, in his book “German Flying Saucers,” states that from this year and for several years, mining equipment and other equipment, including rails, trolleys and huge cutters for tunneling, were constantly sent to Antarctica. Apparently, submarines were also used to deliver cargo. And not just ordinary ones.
Retired American Colonel Wendelle C. Stevens reports: “Our intelligence, where I worked at the end of the war, knew that the Germans were building eight very large cargo submarines (were they not equipped with Kohler converters? - V. Sh. ) and they were all launched, manned and then disappeared without a trace. To this day we have no idea where they went. They are not on the ocean floor, and they are not in any port that we know of. It's a mystery, but it may be solved thanks to the Australian documentary film(we mentioned it above. - V.Sh.), which shows large German cargo submarines in Antarctica, ice around them, crews standing on the decks waiting to stop at the pier.
By the end of the war, Stevens claims, the Germans had nine research plants that were testing flying disc projects. `Eight of these enterprises, along with scientists and key figures, were successfully evacuated from Germany. The ninth structure has been blown up... We have classified information that some of these research enterprises have been transported to a place called `New Swabia`... Today it may already be a fairly sized complex. Maybe those big cargo submarines are there. We believe that at least one (or more) disc development facilities were transported to Antarctica. We have information that one was evacuated to the Amazon region, and the other to the northern coast of Norway, where there is a large German population. They were evacuated to secret underground structures.
Well-known researchers of the Antarctic secrets of the Third Reich R. Vesko, V. Terziyski, D. Childress claim that since 1942, thousands of concentration camp prisoners (workforce), as well as prominent scientists, pilots and politicians with their families, were transferred to the South Pole with the help of submarines and members of the Hitler Youth - the gene pool of the future "pure" race.
In addition to the mysterious giant submarines, at least a hundred serial U-class submarines were used for these purposes, including the top-secret formation "Fuhrer Convoy", which included 35 submarines. At the very end of the war in Kiel, all military equipment was removed from these elite submarines and containers with some valuable cargo were loaded. The submarines also took on board some mysterious passengers and a large amount of food. The fate of only two boats from this convoy is known for certain. One of them, `U-530`, under the command of 25-year-old Otto Wehrmouth, left Kiel on April 13, 1945 and delivered relics of the Third Reich and Hitler's personal belongings, as well as passengers whose faces were hidden by surgical bandages, to Antarctica. Another, `U-977`, under the command of Heinz Schaeffer, repeated this route a little later, but what and who it transported is unknown.
Both of these submarines arrived in the Argentine port of Mar del Plata in the summer of 1945 (July 10 and August 17, respectively) and surrendered to the authorities. Apparently, the testimony that the submariners gave during interrogations greatly worried the Americans, and at the end of 1946, the famous Admiral Richard E. Byrd received orders to destroy the Nazi base in New Swabia.
Operation High Jump was disguised as an ordinary research expedition, and not everyone realized that a powerful naval squadron was heading to the shores of Antarctica. An aircraft carrier, 13 ships of various types, 25 airplanes and helicopters, more than four thousand people, a six-month supply of food - these data speak for themselves.
It would seem that everything went according to plan: 49 thousand photographs were taken in a month. And suddenly something happened that US officials are still silent about. On March 3, 1947, the expedition that had just begun was abandoned, and the ships hastily headed home. A year later, in May 1948, some details surfaced on the pages of the European magazine Brisant. It was reported that the expedition met fierce enemy resistance. At least one ship, dozens of people, four combat aircraft were lost, and another nine aircraft had to be abandoned as unusable. One can only guess what exactly happened. We do not have authentic documents, however, if you believe the press, the crew members who dared to reminisce spoke about “flying discs” emerging from under the water and attacking them, about strange atmospheric phenomena that caused mental disorders. Journalists cite an excerpt from R. Byrd's report, allegedly made at a secret meeting of the special commission: “The United States needs to take protective actions against enemy fighters flying from the polar regions. In the event of a new war, America may be attacked by an enemy who has the ability to fly from one pole to another at incredible speed!`
Almost ten years later, Admiral Byrd led a new polar expedition, in which he died under mysterious circumstances. After his death, information allegedly from the diary of the admiral himself appeared in the press. It follows from them that during the 1947 expedition, the plane on which he flew on reconnaissance was forced to land by strange aircraft, “similar to British soldiers’ helmets.” A tall, blue-eyed, blond man approached the admiral, speaking in broken English sent an appeal to the American government demanding an end to nuclear testing. Some sources claim that after this meeting, an agreement was signed between the Nazi colony in Antarctica and the American government to exchange German advanced technology for American raw materials.
A number of researchers believe that the German base in Antarctica has survived to this day. Moreover, they talk about the existence of an entire underground city there called “New Berlin” with a population of two million people. The main activities of its inhabitants are genetic engineering and space flights. However, no one has yet provided direct evidence in favor of this version. The main argument of those who doubt the existence of a polar base is the difficulty of delivering there the colossal amount of fuel necessary to generate electricity. The argument is serious, but too traditional, and it is objected to: if Kohler converters are created, then the need for fuel is minimal.
Indirect confirmation of the existence of the base is called repeated sightings of UFOs in the South Pole area. They often see “plates” and “cigars” hanging in the air. And in 1976, Japanese researchers, using the latest equipment, simultaneously detected nineteen round objects that “dipped” from space to Antarctica and disappeared from the screens. UFO chronicles also periodically provide food for conversation about German UFOs. Here are just two typical messages.
November 5, 1957 USA, Nebraska.
Late in the evening, grain buyer Raymond Schmidt, a businessman, came to the sheriff of the city of Kearny and told a story that happened to him not far from the city. The car he was driving along the Boston-San Francisco highway suddenly stalled and stopped. When he got out of it to see what had happened, he noticed a huge “metal cigar” not far from the road in a forest clearing. Right before his eyes, a hatch opened and a man in ordinary clothes appeared on the extended platform. On excellent German - native language Schmidt - a stranger invited him to enter the ship. Inside, the businessman saw two men and two women of quite ordinary appearance, but moving in an unusual way- they seemed to be sliding along the floor. Schmidt also remembered some flaming pipes filled with colored liquid. About half an hour later he was asked to leave, the “cigar” silently rose into the air and disappeared behind the forest.
At half past seven in the morning, an oblong object of an “undetermined color” landed in a field a hundred meters from the Clark family’s house. Twelve-year-old Everett Clark, who was walking his dog at the time, said that two men and two women who came out of the device spoke to each other “like German soldiers from a movie.” The Clarks' dog rushed towards them, barking desperately, followed by other neighbors' dogs. The strangers at first unsuccessfully tried to catch one of the dogs that jumped up to them, but then abandoned this idea, went into the facility, and the device silently flew away. Reporter Carson Brewer from the Knoxville News-Sentinel newspaper discovered trampled grass in an area of 7.5 by 1.5 meters at this site.
Naturally, many researchers have a desire to blame the Germans for such cases. `It seems that some of the ships we see today are nothing more than a further development of German disk technology. Thus, in fact, it may be that the Germans periodically visit us (W. Stevens).
Vitaly Shelepov,
Colonel, Candidate of Technical Sciences.
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Lesson type: generalization of knowledge.
Purpose of the lesson: to find out what a person should be like in Antarctica.
Lesson objectives:
- Summarize students' knowledge about the features of the continent's nature.
- Take a virtual trip on the site: http://wikimapia.org.ru to the polar stations Mirny, Molodezhnaya, Vostok using Internet resources.
- Give students an idea of what a person should be like in Antarctica.
- Draw a conclusion. Could we become polar explorers?
Lesson progress
Antarctica is a continent unique in nature.
Why does a person go to Antarctica?
Students offer their answers:__________________________________________
Antarctica is the only continent where people do not live permanently. Why? Students offer their answers: ____________ ________________________
That's right, it's not easy to be in harsh polar conditions. Today we will find out what difficulties a person must overcome in Antarctica. Let's formulate the topic of our lesson. Students name their options. The teacher draws a conclusion.
So, the topic of our lesson: “Man in Antarctica.” Slide 1.
Man in Antarctica...
We're heading out for the winter! What do we know about Antarctica?
The purpose of our lesson: to find out what a person should be like in Antarctica. Slide 2.
I. At the beginning of the lesson, a short quiz on homework:
1. GP of Antarctica: Slide 3.
– the position of the continent relative to the equator;
– the position of the continent relative to the prime meridian;
– what oceans wash the continent.
2. Name the discoverers of Antarctica: Slide 4.
Students name the names of M.P. Lazarev, F.F. Bellingshausen, R. Amundsen, R. Scott.
3. Why is Antarctica called a country of peaceful exploration? Slide 5.
Students talk about the Antarctic Treaty.
II. The main part of the lesson. Slide 6.
We are going on a virtual journey through the site: http://wikimapia.org.ru The main points of our route are polar stations: Mirny, Vostok, Molodezhnaya.
The names of the stations are written on the board. The teacher goes to the site and finds these geographical objects. Using a scale bar, shows the location of these points (country - world) and invites students to do practical work using site data.
1. Determine the geographic coordinates of these points.
2. Analyze site data in satellite view and Google Panaramio using zoom.
3. Find polar stations on the physical map of the atlas and mark them on the contour map.
What were the first people in Antarctica like? Slide 7.
1899 Coast of Antarctica. A small English expedition of 10 winterers stayed for the winter. For a year they observed the weather and studied the nature of the continent. What difficulties do you think they had to overcome?
Students offer their own answers: cold, frost, scurvy, no constant communication, etc.
The teacher concludes:
Now the polar explorer is almost not afraid of the cold, there is no threat of scurvy at all - the most severe danger that awaited the first explorers is a constant connection. Polar expeditions different countries of the world remain for the winter at scientific stations located on the sea coast.
What are the human living conditions in Antarctica? Slide 8.
Students explain why Antarctica is called:
– a land of frost and harsh sun; Slide 9.
- the country of blizzards;
– the country of the south pole; Slide 10.
– “The continent beyond the clouds”; Slide 11.
– the land of ice; Slide 12.
– a country of fresh water; Slide 13.
– the country of icebergs; Slide 14.
The teacher concludes: human living conditions in Antarctica are extremely unfavorable.
Why are polar explorers in Antarctica called winterers? Slide 15.
Students offer their answers: ___________________________________
What factors affecting a person can be considered unfavorable?
1) low temperatures; Slide 16.
2) low atmospheric pressure;
3) hard sun, etc.
Human protection means in Antarctica: Slide 17.
– special clothing;
– special shoes;
– thermal insulation of the home;
– sunglasses, etc.
What are the features of the psychological state of polar explorers? Slide 18.
Students explain how they understand each of the features of the psychological state of polar explorers.
- Isolation.
- Extreme.
- Severe natural and climatic conditions.
- Psychological stability and compatibility.
What should a modern polar explorer be like? Slide 19.
It is important not just to list these qualities, but also to explain what it means, for example, to be resilient, to be observant, etc.
- Hardy.
- Observant.
- Brave.
- Responsive.
- Good.
- Devotees.
- Persistent.
- Courageous.
What character qualities should a modern polar explorer have? Slide 20.
As in the previous question, it is necessary to invite the children to explain how they understand what it means, for example, integrity of nature, “the shoulder of a friend,” etc.
- Integrity of nature.
- Moral.
- Determination.
- “Friend’s shoulder.”
The secret of the polar explorer's profession. Slide 21.
Next, you can invite students to make the main discovery: what is the secret of the profession of a polar explorer? Listen to their opinion and, to summarize, cite as an example the words of Roald Amundsen, who wrote in his book “The South Pole”:
“Defeat certainly awaits those who did not take the necessary measures in advance: this is called bad luck.
The one who has everything in order wins: some people call it luck.”
III. Lesson summary.
Tell me guys, could you and I become polar explorers?
After listening to different opinions, the teacher sums it up and wants the following words to become the motto of everyone in life:
Fight and search, find and don’t give up! Slide 22.
At the end of the lesson, you can do a little independent work to check the level of training and quality of knowledge on the topic covered.
Independent work
While some sunbathe on the beaches under the scorching sun, others go to the other side of the world, where the sun shines but does not warm. Travel to Antarctica is becoming increasingly popular. Tourists are offered to live in domed houses, go to the South Pole and meet emperor penguins.
Company White Desert travels to Antarctica. Those interested depart from Cape Town (South Africa) and arrive on the white continent five hours later. Despite the eternal cold, glamping lovers ( glamping– a type of camping with amenities) offers comfortable domed houses that reliably protect vacationers from winds and bad weather.
Six houses are suitable for two people. Inside there is everything you need for a comfortable stay: a double bed, a desk, a toilet with a shower. In other geodesic domes located on the camp grounds, there is a common kitchen with a dining room and a place for relaxation and social gatherings.
All energy for servicing the houses is generated from alternative sources: sun and wind.
In addition to cozy houses, tourists are offered appropriate entertainment: ice tunnel skating, rock climbing, visiting scientific stations and meeting emperor penguins.
