From time immemorial, the Russian land has been famous for its craftswomen. Women turned fabrics into real works of art, creating images of women and men, animals, fantastic creatures, various symbols and signs. Festive clothes, tablecloths, towels, hats – easily decorated with patterns and ornaments of Russian folk embroidery. Now many fashion designers use different ones to create women's and children's clothing.

Features of this embroidery technique

In Russian folk art they use various techniques embroidery - a line with a colored outline, a white line, a vestibule, a cross, a half-cross. Most often, embroidery is done with white and red threads, as well as gold and black (blue).

Before you start embroidering, certain rules must be followed.

Ideas for such embroidery with patterns

Now on the Internet you can find many pictures with patterns on the theme of Russian folk embroidery. You can create a diagram yourself, for example from any photograph. To understand how to draw Russian folk embroidery step by step and create beautiful pattern on clothing and household items, We invite you to familiarize yourself with the ideas of embroidery and a brief description of its implementation.

Russian folk embroidery on a towel

Most often, in enterprises, hotels and restaurants, it is used to apply logos, images and signs. Modern ones help you create any pattern quickly and efficiently. If you decide to create a product with my own hands, you can choose the picture you like on the Internet. To draw Russian folk embroidery on a towel yourself, first draw a sketch of the product with a pattern on a sheet of paper with a pencil. Next, transfer the finished design onto the fabric using carbon paper and start embroidering.

If you take a ready-made diagram, and the size of the picture is too small, you need to divide it into equal squares and transfer the pattern to paper with the same grid of squares, increasing the required number of times. If only part or half of a Russian folk embroidery pattern is given, it needs to be enlarged by cells and, folding the paper in half, transferred to the second half according to the pattern.

Embroidery in Russian folk costume

Our ancestors embroidered patterns not only on towels, bedspreads, napkins, but also on entire suits. And now the Russian folk pattern is coming back into fashion. Linen blouses and shirts, dresses and sundresses with unique patterns are recreated and acquired new life. -Embroidery on clothes will give the product a unique look.

1. First check the fabric for shrinkage and the threads for color fastness.
2. Transfer the design onto the fabric using carbon paper.
3. Fasten the canvas tightly.
4. Choose a needle with a small eye for a neater look.
5. Start embroidering.

Fairy tale characters

Is the most common. If you want to decorate a baby blanket or towel with characters from a Russian folk tale, use cross and half-cross stitch.

1. Choose your favorite pattern.
2. Using a special marker, mark the canvas into 10 by 10 squares. It is more convenient to mark from the center.
3. Select on the diagram where you will start embroidering, and insert the needle and thread. You can embroider both from the top and bottom.
4. Embroider the design according to the diagram.

Beadwork

Embroidery with beads, beads, and rhinestones on certain areas of blouses, dresses or sundresses will look beautiful. Using the one you like, you can get a beautiful pattern that will decorate the edge of the sleeve or the neck of the product. You will need beads the right size, cotton threads or fishing line, canvas, needles and scissors.

1. Select an embroidery pattern and transfer it onto the fabric using tracing paper.
2. Sew the beads to the fabric according to the drawing.
3. To ensure that the beads lie evenly, do not pull the thread too tightly.

Russian folk embroidery patterns

Using Russian folk embroidery patterns, you can decorate accessories: handbags, wallets, gloves, scarves, etc. You can create a design with 3D embroidery, cross stitch, satin stitch, and ribbons. A handbag with hand embroidery will look impressive and is suitable for both everyday and evening outings.

1. Using the diagram below, transfer it onto the fabric.
2. Take the threads desired color, start embroidering.
3. If desired, decorate the resulting pattern with rhinestones or beads.

Video with master class lessons of such embroidery for beginners

• The video explains the main points to consider when doing cross stitch for beginners. What is included in the embroidery kit, how to use the pattern, how to thread the thread and where the work begins, see this lesson.

• Video tutorial on how to create an amulet - a bag in which a shrine or prayer is placed. This amulet is worn around the neck or pinned under clothing. The main embroidery motifs are earth signs.

• A detailed video tutorial will tell you how to create embroidery of initials in satin stitch. A drawing is applied to the fixed canvas. The outline is embroidered with a two-thread stitch, and the filling is done with a single-thread stitch. The main types of stitches are “back play” and French knot.

Embroidery is the oldest type of fabric decoration. A skillfully embroidered pattern turns any item into a real work of art. Now embroidery in Russian folk style decorates clothes and interiors. You can order embroidery on the website, or you can make a design yourself and transfer it to any product. Are you already familiar with embroidery? Tell us what techniques you know and what motifs you use in embroidering your products.

Among the many types of Russian folk art embroidery has always occupied an important place. They sewed everywhere. There was no need to look for special equipment, and fabric, needles and threads were in every home. Embroidery was used to decorate clothes and household items: curtains, tablecloths, towels, valances, aprons, hats, scarves, skirts, dresses. Embroidered products in everyday life quickly grew old, wore out and disappeared. The study of embroidery as a separate art form began only in the middle of the 19th century, therefore the earliest examples in museums date back only to the 18th century.

Material and color

The climatic conditions of our country do not allow large-scale cultivation of cotton, so the main sources for making fabric were flax and hemp. They were used to weave cloth. Thin bleached linen served as the base, and linen and wool threads were used for embroidering patterns. In the 19th century woolen threads they embroidered shirts and head towels. In a number of places, embroidery with wool preceded embroidery with other materials.

The main color of Russian embroidery is red with many shades: from dark lingonberry to orange. The shade depends on the material of the threads and fabric (linen, cotton, wool, etc.), and on the dyes used for them (mineral, vegetable, animal). Along with red, preference is given to tones of blue, green and yellow. Black is not typical for Russian embroidery. Only in the Tambov and Voronezh regions is this color traditionally used in sewing.

Preference for red does not limit the choice of other colors or gradations of their shades. White was often used or two-color combinations were made. The overall tone of the embroidery always remained joyful and optimistic.

Subjects and motifs of ornament.

The variety of motifs in Russian embroidery is great. However, images of a bird, a horse and a tree are found more often than others in the ornaments. This choice is determined by the legends and beliefs of the ancient Slavs, which speak of a heavenly tree and a sun bird sitting on it. The horse symbolized the visible movement of the sun.

Image birds most often used in Russian embroidery. Birds are found as part of complex plots, or they form individual patterns from birds: in the form of a row, where they follow one after another, they often make compositions with a tree (bush, plant or rosette) and with a female figure in the center; Often they are simply turned towards each other and close with their beaks or, on the contrary, with their tails.

Horse not as popular a motif as the bird, but also quite common. The image of a horse with a high, proudly curved neck is similar to images of folk clay sculpture. One of the common motifs is horses on the sides of a tree or plant.

Flora occupied a prominent place in the ornament of Russian embroidery of the 18th and early 20th centuries. The tree formed the center of the composition, towards which animals and birds were turned; the tree was an object of worship for horsemen or horsewomen. Sometimes the tree is enclosed in a special building, like a small temple or chapel, which emphasizes its special significance. Embroidery of plants and trees was done in a strict geometric style with two or more specially highlighted long branches, often roots on a triangular base, which can be considered as roots depicted in a general way.

Among the flowers, roses in a basket, realistic, natural scarlet colors, are especially common. Roses noticeably displace other plant motifs, in particular the tulip, from the floral ornamentation of Russian embroidery. This is apparently due to the development of pan-European ornament, in which the rose motif spread in the 18th century.

So, I told you quite a bit about the distinctive features of Russian embroidery. This information is very superficial and does not include the entire variety of ornaments, patterns and types of embroidery that were observed in the 18th and early 19th centuries. That's all for now, I hope you found it interesting. The next part is devoted to the appearance of cross stitch in Rus'.

The list of references that I used is given below. Of course, now there are more modern sources of information, but I liked these books for their great detail and thoroughness of presentation:

1. Maslova G. S. Ornament of Russian folk embroidery.” M., 1972
2. Durasov G.P. "Fine motifs in Russian folk embroidery." M., 1990
3. Boguslavskaya I. Ya. “Russian folk embroidery.” M., 1972

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Russian folk embroidery has not lost its charm in the 21st century. Fashion designers use Russian embroidery patterns to create new collections; in sports, Russian symbols express patriotism; businessmen use Slavic stylization to stand out from competitors and position their brand as domestic. Russian-style embroidery decorates clothes and interiors, and many people return to the roots of Slavic culture.

Originally, hand embroidery was a handcraft, but nowadays manual labor machine embroidery has taken over. The fact is that machine technology makes it possible to make embroidery much more accurate and attractive, durable and strong. In addition, Russian machine embroidery allows you to produce editions of many thousands in a short time.

We have been embroidering since 2007. Our clients include numerous studios and fashion designers producing clothes and collections in the Russian style, as well as modern Slavs, role-players and reenactors, members of folk ensembles, Slavic-oriented organizations, as well as numerous private individuals, fans of Russian culture. For everyone we create the very embroidery that he was looking for. Contact us, we are happy to embroider for you!

History of Russian embroidery

In Rus', embroidery had a sacred meaning: that is, it was closely connected with beliefs in the mystical forces of nature and gods. Pagan embroidery of the Slavs appeared long before the reign of Rurik. Protective patterns and symbols decorated clothing and household items. The red color of the threads dominated: on the white canvas it stood out brightly and attracted attention.

With the adoption of Christianity, a new round of development of Russian embroidery began. Despite the fierce fight against pagan roots, here, as in other areas, it was not possible to eradicate ancient customs: folk embroidery combined old Slavic motifs with new church ones. For example, people have always worshiped the sun as a source of light and life; it symbolized the cheerful god Yarilo. With the adoption of Christianity, the sun did not disappear from embroideries, but now it symbolized God's greatness.

During these times – the 10th-12th centuries – Russian gold embroidery art was born and began to develop. Luxurious patterns decorated icons, church items, and the clothes of rich people. At the same time - a feature characteristic of Russian embroidery - entered into decorative arts freshwater pearls. Pearl embroidery has since become firmly established in world history as a characteristic Slavic feature.

Years passed. Initially, nuns were engaged in embroidery: this was due to the fact that embroidery in Rus' was used to decorate mainly church attributes. Gradually, noble women took up embroidery: whether it was the influence of Anna Yaroslavovna, who became the French queen and told about this Western tradition, or whether it was simply how piety was instilled in young girls is unknown.

In parallel, Slavic embroidery is developing among peasants. Here the history of embroidery seems to stand still: ancient pagan patterns and symbols still decorate clothes, linen, and curtains. By the 17th century, folk embroidery came into fashion, and its motifs penetrated into the nobility.

From the 18th century onwards, Russian embroidery began to be influenced by Western motifs. Peter I introduces European costume, and ladies rush to decorate their dresses in the Parisian or Berlin style. Men's embroidery is most in demand; embroidered caftans are becoming fashionable at court. Russian embroidery reached its special peak in the 19th century: the gallant era required grace and aesthetics.

The emergence and spread of machine embroidery revolutionizes this area of ​​art. In the 20th century, the integration of arts and nationalities takes place: African motifs can coexist with medieval symbols, embroidered lines from A. Blok’s poem can decorate a dance outfit for a masquerade ball.

Russian ornament in embroidery

From simple pattern The ornament is distinguished by the repeated repetition of the same element. How did this idea come about? The fact is that in ancient times embroidery patterns were not simple decoration: they transmitted sacred knowledge. By repeating this or that symbol over and over again, the embroiderer emphasized and strengthened its meaning. This especially applies to protective embroidery.

Let's look at the main symbols of Russian embroidery.

Sun. The Slavs highly revered the sun: however, like any ancient pagan people. The sun symbolized life, joy, fertility. In folk embroidery, the luminary is most often represented as a wheel or a rosette. Most often, such a symbol was the center around which the ornament swirled, but repeating wheel motifs were also encountered.

Rhombus. Now the popularity of this symbol seems strange because we have forgotten its meaning. In ancient times, the rhombus symbolized the feminine principle, motherhood. The rhombus was repeated in different variations on towels and tablecloths, dress hems and shirts. It was a must-have decoration women's clothing, and also served as a talisman for fertility.

Cross. This symbol was known to us long before the adoption of Christianity. The equal-pointed cross symbolized the sun: its diverging rays. A close variation of the symbol, the swastika, symbolized the rotation of the sun. It’s amazing how the National Socialist Party of Germany managed to choose as their emblem the symbol of a nation that they intended to completely destroy! One way or another, in the 20th century, the bracelet - our name for the swastika - finally became a thing of the past and is considered a desecrated symbol.

Christmas tree. You can often see a herringbone pattern on ancient embroideries. It symbolizes the tree in general and the Tree of Life, the forest and nature.

Other elements of Russian embroidery

Of course, the symbolism of Russian embroidery is not limited to ornaments. Many realities of life are reflected in the art of embroiderers.

Flora and fauna motifs have always been especially popular. Various flowers and plants strongly associated with folk embroidery: remember Pavlograd shawls, palekh. But embroidery in the Gzhel or Khokhloma style is widespread these days, it is recognized all over the world! By the way, Gzhel is noticeably different from traditional colors Russian embroidery: red, black and gold.

Animals also appear on the canvas quite often. They symbolize the same thing as the animals from the Russians folk tales. However, you are unlikely to find a bear in embroidery. Why? The fact is that in the totemic pagan consciousness the bear was the progenitor of all Slavs, and therefore there is a taboo on it. A bear cannot be depicted, and even its name is prohibited - the word “bear” is nothing more than a substitute. Therefore, the progenitor does not appear in embroidery patterns.

Often appears in ornament female figure: symbol of fertility and femininity. If a female figure extends her arms to the sky, this is a symbol of the unity of two principles.

RUSSIAN EMBROIDERY

Information

Description: Russian embroidery is an integral part of the art of the Russian people.

The group is dedicated to Russian embroidery, techniques for its implementation, training, exhibitions, and collection of materials on the history of Russian embroidery. Show in full…

Russian folk embroidery of the southern regions, found in Kaluga, Smolensk, Ryazan, Tula, Oryol and other regions, in contrast to the northern ones, is characterized by a predominance of geometric patterns, although plant patterns are widespread here, and sometimes plot compositions are found. It has many similarities with the embroidery of other Slavic peoples. The embroidery of the southern regions is multicolored, and usually several techniques are used to complete each individual pattern.
Unlike the northern regions, where since ancient times they have been decorated with embroidery, along with women's suits and small household items, large decorative items; in the southern regions, embroidery was used only to decorate women's clothing and towels.

In the southern regions, the following embroidery techniques were used: painting, casting, counted satin stitch, stitching, colored “weave”, cross stitch and stem stitch. Place: Russia

229 entries

A selection of books on ancient folk embroidery.

Enrollment is open for the twelfth stream of the web course on ancient Russian embroidery. Meanwhile, students from previous streams are already admiring their work. Ekaterinburg is with us, Nizhny Novgorod, Kemerovo, Vladivostok, Surgut, Krasnodar, Show in full... Khabarovsk, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Novosibirsk, Irkutsk, Tyumen, Orel, Ufa, Novokuznetsk, Chelyabinsk, Bryansk, etc.

Distance learning of ancient Russian embroidery consists of 7 classes, classes will be held from November to February. In addition to studying the seam-making scenarios themselves, during the classes we will consider questions that are usually of interest to those who want to study embroidery with an ethnographic bias. Classes can be useful both for those who want to learn how to embroider patterns on towels, shirts, tablecloths, as they did in the old days, and for those who want to decorate things with ancient patterns that did not exist in the old days.

The web course consists of:
— videos with theory and practice for each seam, available for viewing for three weeks,
- photographs of authentic antiques, our main teachers,
- sets of patterns,
— the opportunity to ask questions and receive answers.

Three weeks are given to complete 1 lesson.

High pathos and revelation of Russian embroidery, or a 5-minute test on knowledge of Russian culture. (18+)

This embroidery by my student Irina Zyuzina is completely special and iconic. In such moments you feel the closeness of an incredible hidden secret. Show in full... The image was copied from a Vyatka towel of the late 19th century from my private collection and embroidered in just one (!) evening, and yet it contains a look into eternity, a quote from centuries gone by. How many hundreds of years old is this image? What lies behind it? Frightening outlines, they do not fit into our picture of the world, but they are truly Russian, truly Slavic. We have all read the article by D.A. Baranov and E.L. Madlevskaya “The image of a frog in embroidery and mythopoetic representations of the Eastern Slavs”, the hypothesis that in such ancient images lies the image of a fertile life-giving principle. But can everything be conveyed in words? Can everything be explained with words and hypotheses? Looking at this image, you understand, no, not everything. When you see a repetition of such an image at arm's length, you involuntarily shudder and feel uneasy. In this image, the birth of an unknown beginning from chaos, there is mysticism in it, looking at it, it’s as if consciousness expands, trying to absorb a completely different aesthetics and semantic layer. In this image there is power and mystery, a music of meaning unknown to us; behind it there is another dimension unknown to us. Do we recognize this image as an inseparable and important part of Russian culture? Have we ever seen similar images on Russian towels? Does anyone tell us that without such images the idea of ​​Russian embroidery is incomplete? Oryol list, Pudozh canon, do these words mean anything to you? Do we really know Russian culture that well? Do graduates of art academies and art historians and our average compatriots know well the history of Russian art? Malevich’s black square is on everyone’s lips, the hooliganism of one artist, and ancient folk images are rarely seen anywhere, except perhaps by chance; the likelihood of seeing something like this and finding out that this is a fragment of the Russian worldview is close to zero.

But such an image is not an isolated phenomenon. In the Oryol list towels there are similar images, with fillings, with cuts inside the outline. Pudozh towels and valances contain such images; thanks to the research of O.I. Bakirova, outlined in her book “Pudozh Folk Embroidery”, they have rightfully acquired the name “Pudozh canon”. This same towel clearly indicates that it was quite likely that the “Vyatka canon” also existed, and only the lack of publications of towels from the same series deprives us of the opportunity to completely positively identify this canon and categorize it. And respect, knowledge of such images is an indicator that a person did not hear about Russian culture yesterday, and does not consider himself an expert, because when you see such an image, the fact immediately hits you in the face - we know little, we understand little, we know little, and It will take us more than one year to teach us history, to teach, to discover, to explore, to seek interpretation. First, learn to at least distinguish author’s soap cross patterns from those actually created centuries ago. To see and distinguish where is the true story, and where is what, with an endless stream of realistic roses, flowerpots, flowers and oak leaves at the end of the 19th century, devastated the treasury of Russian pattern art by displacement and substitution, and thus took away the semantic depth from Russian embroidery, brought down her to the level of beauty and philistinism.
The veneration of the linga among the Hindus is a well-known phenomenon, but here we obviously see something similar, giving birth to a beginning, a seed, which means that ancient man thought not only about survival, but also froze in admiration at the very idea of ​​birth, continuation of life, looking for images that would be put into respect for these ideas, they will raise the idea of ​​the seed and the uterus (or womb) to an unusually high level, they will put the very idea of ​​​​the continuation of life on an invisible pedestal, they will help a person to realize the ideas of eternity, the birth of life, and see the divine spark. Who is the author of this image? There is no name, we don’t know in what century this image appeared, but one thing is obvious - that its author expressed an extreme degree of admiration and reverence for the maternal and paternal principles, for the ability to give birth and give life, for the divine birthing power, and did it much more successfully and more skillfully than Courbet, because such outlines belong to a higher artistic canon, setting up a more serious, detached from the carnal, vision of the sacred laws of nature. Does the idea of ​​a person become richer after thinking about such categories? Absolutely yes. Thanks to such images, our ancestors came closer to a more conscious understanding of themselves, their essence, their nature, thanks to them they accepted their nature, and saw how the life of all earthly creatures is in tune with ours, and this consonance is noble, worthy of a reverent filial attitude. This means that for both the viewer and the embroiderer herself, such images are an important reminder of the high purpose of a person, a woman, a family.

Is this Vyatka image inferior to the images of the Pudozh canon or the Oryol copy? I am convinced - no, much less effort was made here to create the image, but the goal was still achieved. Minimalism, the absence of decoration, only emphasizes the main features; their sound, due to the laconicism of visual means, makes an even stronger and deeper impression and achieves the goal - to appeal to the mind, to the soul, to the spirit of a person.

Take a closer look, can this image be called two-dimensional? It reveals 3D reality, volume, perspective. In the 19th or 18th century, and maybe even earlier, were our ancestors already able to create a three-dimensional image with a needle on fabric? I have no doubt about it. To see this image clearly, we, people of the 21st century, need to see it captured by someone with the talent of Tarkovsky, with the instincts of a great artist, with an open ear, with sensitive vision, with a soul alive to the perception of deep important categories. Because in this image there is not something ordinary, there is pathos, pathos, there is abundance and aesthetics in it no less significant than the aesthetics of Bach’s music. Is Russian folk embroidery capable of pathos? Yes. High rhetoric? Yes. To philosophical depth? Yes. This image is proof of that. Russian embroidery has the right to be in the center of the museum hall, in the spotlight, in sound and direct speech. Russian embroidery is not only applied things, for the delight of the eyes; Russian embroidery refers not to one area of ​​decoration, but also to the mind, and to the soul, and to the spirit.
And for some reason it seems to me that Russian embroidery and this, and this particular towel by Irina Zyuzina, embroidered in October 2016, have the right to take place at contemporary art exhibitions, because it contemporary art in the best sense of the word.

At such moments, with redoubled force, I understand that my efforts to create the Museum of Embroidery are not in vain. Patterns, images that keep towels and shirts, valances and tabletops, any scraps of fabric covered with embroidery are messengers of a bygone world, these are our teachers, this is revelation, these are helping hands extended to us from eternity, by our ancestors, our blood relatives. The opportunity to see them up close, to copy them is a favor of fate, it is an honor, good luck, it is the hidden and so desired answer of the universe to our aspirations, to our search for something unshakable that we can rely on as an island. History comes to life. Ongoing. The thought expressed on canvas with a needle and thread one hundred and two hundred years ago gives a spark and ignites new centers of jealousy for our common priceless heritage. I am convinced that it is important not only to store the originals in the darkness of storage, but to copy them, devoting days and months to this, or, as in this case, devoting one, just one evening to this copying. And in this confidence that we will still be able to win back truly Russian images from obscurity, oblivion, non-existence - the truth and salt of my life.

Russian folk embroidery (page 1 of 4)

STATE EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION

KEMEROVSK VOCATIONAL AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE

"RUSSIAN FOLK EMBROIDERY"

students of group KM-71,

Vorobyova Irina Alizhanovna

Project stages

1 History of traditional Russian embroidery

2 Symbolism in embroidery designs

3 The meaning of color in embroidery

5 Economic justification for the production of the collection

Project implementation results

Project name “Russian folk embroidery”

The main developers of the project are students of group KM-71: Vorobyova Irina, students of group Z-41

Supervisors: Elena Viktorovna Golysheva, teacher of the disciplines “Clothing Design”, “Modeling and Artistic Design of Clothes”, Vera Nikolaevna Gampel, teacher of the disciplines “Sewing Product Technology”, “History of Costume”

· Nurturing artistic culture, developing interest in folk art, its traditions and heritage

· Development of cognitive interest, technical thinking, creativity and technological knowledge in the process of studying and creating products using elements of Russian folk embroidery

· Instill a love for traditional Russian folk embroidery;

· Develop artistic and creative abilities using the example of a manufactured product;

· Formation of a holistic perception of folk art as part of the culture of the people;

Project implementation stages

1. Studying the history of traditional Russian embroidery

2. Study of symbolism in embroidery designs

3. Studying the meaning of color in embroidery

4. Practical implementation of products

5. Participation in exhibition activities

Folk art is our material and spiritual wealth. Unique and diverse in its types, it forms a significant part of Russian culture. Folk arts and crafts are a unique form of folk art. Among the many forms of artistic folk crafts, embroidery is the most accessible and beloved. The opportunity to transform through the application of your labor white fabric canvas into a beautifully decorated item has always attracted Russian women to embroidery, and their natural artistic abilities contributed to the extraordinary development of this type of art among the people. The works of folk craftswomen carry the historical memory of the people, preserve their ideas about the world, man, beauty and goodness.

Works of applied art, decorated with artistic embroidery, gradually again began to penetrate urban life and the clothes of citizens. Currently, there is a great interest in elegant, colorful, elegant embroidered things. Many famous domestic and foreign fashion designers use expressive means of artistic embroidery when developing collections of women's and children's clothing. Artistic embroidery is becoming a means of special expressiveness in modern clothing and decor of various interiors.

PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION STAGES

1 History of traditional Russian embroidery

The art of embroidery has a long history. About the existence of embroidery in the era Ancient Rus' say the finds of archaeologists dating back to the 9th-10th centuries. These are fragments of clothing decorated with patterns made with gold threads. In ancient times, gold embroidery was used to decorate household items and clothing of noble people.

The traditions of embroidery art constantly developed; in the XIV-XVII centuries, embroidery became even more widespread in the decoration of costumes and household items. Church vestments and the rich silk and velvet clothing of kings and boyars were embroidered with gold and silver threads in combination with pearls and gems. Wedding towels, festive shirts made of fine linen fabric, and scarves were also decorated with colored silk and gold threads. Embroidery was mainly common among noble women and nuns.

Before the wedding, at the dowry exhibition, fellow villagers assessed the bride’s hard work and ability to do household crafts by the amount of canvas and the perfection of the embroidered pattern. It was determined by the things made by the bride's hands which mistress entered the house.

Embroidery was done by peasant women by counting threads of fabric, using a grid of warp and weft threads pulled out of the fabric, or on whole fabric - by painting, cross stitch, counted satin stitch, or casting. In the North of Russia, until the middle of the 19th century, painting (half-cross) was widespread - a double-sided seam with a red pattern (linear stitches) on a white background; a female figure or a tree was depicted in the center, with riders or birds on the sides. In the Kaluga, Smolensk, Tula, Oryol, and Ryazan provinces, colored intertwining was most often used: white ornamental figures against the background of a through mesh intertwined with red thread, with the rare inclusion of other colors. In the Vologda, Yaroslavl, Kostroma, and Novgorod provinces they embroidered mainly with white stitch, with the introduction of colored threads into a variety of patterns.

Each embroidery had its own purpose. Embroidery on shirts was located where the human body came into contact with the outside world (i.e., along the collar, sleeves, hem) and served as a talisman. The placement of the pattern and embroidery techniques were organically related to the shape of the clothing, which was sewn from straight pieces of fabric. The seams were made by counting the threads of the fabric; they were called counted. It is easy to decorate with such seams the mantles, the ends of the sleeves, the slit on the chest, the hem of the apron, the bottom of the apron, the bottom of the garment. The embroidery was placed along the connecting seams.

The embroidery of towels reflects the cosmological ideas of people, ideas associated with the cult of fertility and the cult of ancestors. First of all, this concerns the ornament of folk sewing, in which ancient symbols were preserved until the 2nd quarter of the 20th century.

Since ancient times, man, protecting himself from the unfavorable forces of nature, covered his clothes and home with amulets... Many ancient amulets symbols have been preserved in folk art, depicting which on clothes, dishes, and homes a person would ward off unwanted spirits.

The first subject of Russian folk embroidery is a tree, it is both a tree, and a tree of the world, and a tree of knowledge, and a model of the world. We say - the roots of memory, the roots of history, the roots of the family. We say - family tree, family tree. A tree participates in our lives not only by serving us as a home, giving fruit, and decorating our home. Wood is not only a boat, a cart, a toy, not only household items and art. A tree is an image of the world and a way of thinking. The first man was a gatherer of roots and fruits, and he owed his life to the tree. A tree is a house, a temple, and the last refuge of a person. The tree represented the universe. The roots are a sign of the underworld, the trunk corresponds to the earthly world, and the crown corresponds to the sky.

The tree also personifies peace with nature, for man has not yet picked up a weapon, an ax, a stone, or begun hunting an animal. He collects fruits, he is in union with nature. But then a person gradually becomes a hunter, and the beast becomes his breadwinner. One of the first animals, judging by the numerous traces left in folklore, rituals, and embroidery, was the deer. The cult of the deer was very widespread. Deer is a sign of a successful marriage, a sign of abundant life. Two deer with their heads together is the subject of a woman’s kokoshnik. He was not only a sign of heaven, but also a sign of a mother and daughter giving birth to all life on earth.

Rozhanitsy are ancient Slavic female deities, companions of the god Rod. They were revered since the late Stone Age (7 thousand-4 thousand years BC) as the personification of the feminine life-giving principle and the great mystery of nature. Symbol of female fertility. Women in labor are traditionally depicted in the pose of a woman giving birth, in the form of two deer, or horned female figures.

Time passed, and man gradually began to understand that the beast, the animal, was not as omnipotent as it seemed to him for many centuries. The power of nature, the power of the sun, the power of spring, warmth, and rain turned out to be a much greater power for the cultivator and cattle breeder than the power of the beast, which could not help him grow and harvest crops. But this power and strength had to be embodied in something that was known to man. And man gave this power human traits. First of all, the personification of this fruitful force was a woman, since nature and the earth, which fed, cared for, and gave birth to bread, had much in common with a woman who also gave life, fed a person and raised her child. The mystery and miracle of birth that a woman is endowed with was perceived as some powerful force. The sign of fertility and reproduction was the first meaning, which was contained in the image of a woman. As the earth multiplies grain, so a woman will give birth to a man. The mother of cheese is the earth, watered by rain and giving a good harvest, carrying rivers and waters. Mother and earth are synonymous in the perception of our distant ancestor. Hence the place where the clan lives - the homeland - of the feminine gender.

Main aspects and meaning of Russian folk embroidery

Russian embroidery occupies a special place among other stylistic trends. She is not only beautiful, but also very versatile. Throughout the vast Russian territory, different provinces used their own distinctive techniques. In addition, there were differences in the materials used and in the color palette.

What is interesting about this type of needlework?

In each country, embroidery and other methods of decorating clothes are different and unique. Russian embroidery was divided into several types:

• urban;
• peasant handicrafts;
• embroidered motifs that were used as a talisman.

Russian embroidery

WITH early years(from about 5-6) peasant girls were taught the art of embroidery, sewing and even making lace. It was they, unlike the city girls, who carefully honored traditions and tried to convey all cultural features (ornaments, designs) in their works. They embroidered in various ways: cross stitch, regular satin stitch, Moscow stitch.

Russian embroidery is an ancient folk art

At that time there was a custom according to which girls from the age of 5 should begin to prepare a dowry for themselves, which was quite voluminous.

They had to decorate various textile accessories (tablecloths and towels) and items of clothing with crosses and other stitches.

The art of embroidery has a long history

The clothing used was numerous sundresses, high skirts, fur coats, shirts, aprons, etc. At the same time, not one set of clothes was prepared, but several (for each individual occasion or celebration: wedding, festival, celebrations, for work, etc.).

Hope chest

City girls tried to introduce a little European fashion into the patterns of their creations. The French style had a great influence on embroidery.

French style embroidery

No less popular was embroidery, which was used as a talisman. The cross was considered the most popular execution technique. Moreover, even the smallest detail in such embroidery had its own meaning and significance.

Ornaments and cross patterns were quite varied, but the most popular was the image of Rhoda, the mother, who was surrounded by deer. As a talisman, it could often be seen both on the clothes of newborn children and on wedding dresses. It was believed that it would protect its owners from various misfortunes.

Embroidered amulet with a picture

Each of these types is incredibly beautiful and has its own characteristics. In addition, each area had some distinctive features.

Northern traditions

The folk traditions of the north, which includes the Karelian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic, Vologda, Arkhangelsk and Leningrad, were united. The most popular techniques were satin stitch, oblique stitches, and painting.

Satin embroidery

Full cross stitch was common only when creating some amulets.

Cross stitch

The most popular was the painting, which was essentially a half-cross. It consisted of small stitches, mostly bright red, that created certain patterns. After the edging was ready, interior space filled with other decorative seams. In some cases, edge decoration was also used. For this, additional touches, patterns of stars or snowflakes were made.

Ancient Russian embroidery, like the process of embroidery, had ritual significance and was close to agrarian ritual actions

The white stitching also looked beautiful. As a basis for embroidery, a slightly sparse fabric was used, which was slightly translucent.

White embroidery

Thus, the dense snow-white plot on a light and transparent background looked amazing.

Features of Southerners

The southern regions (Voronezh, Tambov, Oryol, Kursk and Penza) were characterized by the presence of various geometric patterns. In these territories there was embroidery with painting, white stitching, sometimes cross stitching and other stitches.

Hand-painted embroidery

But the most common were considered to be colored weave and counted stitch.

The colored weave is somewhat similar to the white stitch. The main feature that unites these two techniques is the use of a translucent fabric base. This technique was quite complex, especially if a fairly large colorful plot was taken as the basis. Therefore, the presence of embroidery in this style was very prestigious and indicated a certain wealth of the family.

Colored interlink

The color scheme was quite varied:

• Ryazan was famous for its blue embroidery;

Shirt embroidered in blue tones

• in Smolensk one could often find a golden background and colorful lemon, orange, red and white scenes;

Smolensk embroidery

• Tula and Kaluga were characterized by a reddish-white palette, interspersed with a wide variety of (blue, cyan, green and yellow) inserts;

Russian embroidery is an extremely complex and multifaceted phenomenon

• in Kaliningrad, a bright crimson background was used, and the plot was created from various scarlet, white, green and golden threads.

Embroidery is perhaps the most developed art among many types of Russian folk art.

At the same time, the main geometric shape was a rhombus or a square. They were embroidered with protrusions at the corners, diagonals, spirals, etc. The figures were placed one after another, embroidered with a double cross, a hem stitch, a satin stitch, and an oblique stitch. And the material used was silk threads.

Embroidery rhythms in the center of Russia

The central regions well combined the traditions of both northern and southern territories. But at the same time they added their own “zest”. They borrowed white stitching from the North, as well as its inherent motifs and themes. To this day, this technique is used to decorate textiles in the Ivanovo and Kalinin regions.

Russian embroidery is an integral part of the art of the Russian people

In some regions (Yaroslavl, Kostroma), the white stitching was somewhat modernized. Instead of traditional completely white plots, white embroidery with a colored outline, decor of gold, blue and pink threads.

Over the course of several centuries, the Russian people have developed certain techniques for performing embroidery, the nature of the ornament and its coloring

Embroidery looked most elegant in the Kostroma region. There, needlewomen used mainly pastel colors and silk threads to create their works of art. Thanks to the calm color transitions, the embroidery looked incredibly beautiful, and the silk gave the product glare and shimmer.

Snow-white embroidery with silk threads

Traditional painting for the North has also been modernized. Unlike the original version, in the center it was done with a greater density of stitching, since mainly woolen threads were used in the work.

Hand-painted embroidery

There was also a famous southern diamond in the central regions. It was also decorated with jagged edges, diagonals, and stitching using various techniques (cross stitch, satin stitch and other seams).

Image of a rhombus in Russian embroidery

The unique technology glorified the Gorky region. “Gorky guipures” were an unusually elegant technique. The most common motif for Gorky openwork embroidery is considered to be a medium-sized rosette with rounded corners in the shape of a diamond.

Gorky guipure

Tablecloth with Gorky guipure

It’s quite difficult to understand all the styles and techniques of folk embroidery the first time. After all, each area had its own characteristics that distinguished its work from others. The cultural characteristics were most accurately preserved in the peasant type of embroidery, as well as in the technology of making amulets.

The article was written based on materials from the sites: easycross.ru, www.promvishivka.ru, vk.com, mirznanii.com, ethnoboho.ru.

Each nationality has its own individual expression of its culture. But absolutely all have their own original ornaments, symbols and patterns.

Geometric images - squares, rhombuses, triangles - are widespread in the art of Ancient Egypt

We are talking not only about traditional Slavic embroidery and weaving. Indians, African tribes, Celts - all have their own authentic culture, which has survived in the form of diagrams and symbols to this day.

Africa - rich colors and a variety of patterns that are very pleasing to the eye

Embroidery as a talisman

The art of embroidery is especially popular today.

Embroidery has long been loved in all corners of the world.

This is a real original decor.

Embroidery is a very interesting, although labor-intensive activity, which, like any other creative activity you have to give it your all

With its help you can decorate not only clothes, but also home textiles and create unique accessories.

Embroidery is an important participant in creating space and creating an atmosphere in the house

Today, many craftswomen, when creating decor, regard the work only as creativity.

Interior items decorated with embroidery not only add individuality to the home, but also fill it with warmth

But our ancestors believed that embroidery, namely, each of its elements, is symbolic.

Among the many types of Russian folk art, embroidery has always occupied an important place

Entire paintings were not only decor, but were also valuable family amulet.

Over the course of several centuries, the Slavic people developed certain techniques for performing embroidery, the nature of the ornament and its coloring

The mother prepared the dowry for her daughter with her own hands. It was believed that by embroidering clothes, tablecloths or beds, she endowed them with special properties that protected them from evil eye, envious people, illnesses and filth.

Bride's dowry chest
According to the ancient traditions of Russian weddings, the bride's dowry included many different things that began to be collected long before the wedding

Protective ornaments or patterns were not chosen by chance. Each individual color, combination of shades, symbols and interweaving in patterns had its own magical meaning, designed to protect against troubles and bring prosperity to the house. The location of the drawing was also considered important.

In the past, the size of the dowry largely determined the popularity of the bride

Today there are patterns with which you can decorate interiors, accessories, jewelry, clothing, and create entire masterpieces, both using the cross-stitch and satin stitch techniques.

Modern products decorated with Ukrainian folk embroidery are beautiful and original.

Symbolism of images

Before choosing patterns, ornaments and patterns for embroidery, you should remember that this is not just decoration.

Patterns appeared simultaneously with the first shoots of art and culture

Each symbol and their combination carries one meaning or another. The most popular elements and combinations are as follows:

• Red and orange cross motifs protect love from betrayal.
• The symbol of a horse or rooster, woven into the ornament with black or red threads, provides protection to children from the evil eye.
• Symbolic patterns in combinations of blue and gold brought good luck in business.
• Black embroidery in Rus' helped young girls get pregnant. Another meaning is fertility and a generous harvest.
• Folk motifs in green are a symbol of spring, youth and femininity.

Collection of floral and geometric patterns for embroidery

There is a strict rule: amulet embroidery must be done without knots. This way she won’t break the connection with her carrier!

Embroidery “Home Charm”

It was believed that cross stitch absorbed prayer and became the strongest amulet for a person.

Embroidery “Amulet for a man”

Such needlework still carries a mystery today, since each of its elements also has a symbolic meaning:

• The cross is opposed to darkness, evil and darkness.

Cross

• Svarga (bracelet) is a symbol of the Sun.

Svarga

• Circle (wheel) - generous luck.

Circle

• Ruja (eight-pointed star) is a sign of life.

Ruzha

• Rhombus (square) - a sown field.

Diamond pattern

• A tree is a symbol of long life.

tree of life

These are not all the symbols and motifs that make up the ethno patterns and embroidery patterns. If they are present in an embroidered product, it means that it has great amulet power.

Patterns for embroidery and knitting

Today, in retail outlets, shops or on the vast Internet, you can find ready-made decor, as well as the most different schemes for embroidery or knitting to create something with your own hands. You can read about how to make embroidery with your own hands

To perform embroidery you will need fabric for cross stitch, threads of the desired color, and a hoop. Before you begin, you should determine the number of cells in width and length, mark them with a pencil and prepare the outline. For convenience, you can mark it every 10 cells. Next, stretch the canvas onto the hoop and begin embroidering.

Pattern for embroidering a monochrome heart

Before embroidery, markings are made on the fabric 1 0x10 for convenience. Embroidery is done in two threads from top to bottom. No knots should be left; the edges of the thread are closed with stitches (crosses). The thread is fixed on the front side, the stitches can be vertical or horizontal. The scheme is as follows: first we perform the required number of diagonal stitches in one direction, and then move in the same way in the opposite direction. It is important to be careful on the wrong side, because the fabric is thin, and irregularities and blemishes can show through.

Pillow decorated with monochrome embroidery in the shape of a heart

• Norwegian ethnic jacquard . Such motifs in the ethnic style of knitting are basic.

Norwegian snowflake diagram

Lazy jacquard pattern done with knitting needles. When knitting one row, threads of two or more colors are used. The pattern in the Scandinavian ethnic style is knitted using satin stitch, using counting patterns that illustrate the back and front sides. The front row is counted from right to left, the back row is counted from left to right. When knitting, the main and additional threads are used, so all the loops are not pulled together by broaches.

Using “lazy jacquard” you can create interesting things in an ethnic Scandinavian style.

Today you can find a variety of patterns for knitting or embroidery in ethnic style. Such a national ornament, geometric patterns or floral motifs can decorate any item of clothing or textile accessory in the interior. Authentic ethnic motifs are always out fashion trends. This is classic and creative in one bottle, originality and tribute to folk culture.

Jacquard without broaches

Cross stitch

You can cross stitch not only a variety of pictures. Embroidered ornaments of different nations and various patterns amaze with their beauty. Cross stitch patterns and ornaments - the pattern can have different sizes. There are both small and large images.

Cross stitch patterns and ornaments on various themes can be found on household items and clothing. Patterns can be very diverse: various flowers, fruits, berries, insects, herbs, there is no limit to imagination.

Embroidery located along the edge is called a border, it can be:

• Monochrome – performed in one color scheme;
• Multicolor – has combinations of different colors;
• Narrow;
• Wide;
• Average.

Even a variety of shapes can serve as patterns. Ornaments for cross stitch have hidden meanings and indicate national affiliation. Russian ornaments consist of geometric shapes and straight stripes along the edge of the material or combine various patterns.

Belarusian ornaments are distinguished by red and white embroidery. Slavic ornaments carry the history of the peoples of Russia and Ukraine.

The colors in the ornament have their own meaning:

• The symbol of earth is black;
• The color of purity is white;
• The symbol of love is red;
• Blue is the color of health;
• Yellow is a symbol of wealth;
• The color of rebirth is green.

By appearance Slavic women could find out whether she was married, what wealth was in her family, in what area she lived. Some ornaments can be found at exhibitions of national costumes.

Cross stitch pattern: Celtic patterns

The ornaments of the Celtic peoples are ancient symbols. Various intertwined patterns are connected into a single chain, reminiscent of a labyrinth. Ornaments that carry meaning are usually black and white; they are amulets that give goodness, health and fortitude. The secrets of some of them have never been solved. The cross stitch pattern for the ornament can be downloaded from the Internet by selecting free ones. To open embroidery in XSD format, you need an additional special program; you can watch a video tutorial to learn how to work with it.

Celtic designs are different:

• Celtic cross - bestows wisdom, saves from dark forces;
• Butterfly is a symbol of life, change;
• Heart - connects the union of loving hearts;
• Spirals are a symbol of eternity, infinity;
• The tree of life signifies parallel life;
• Trefoil – brings good luck.

A simple embroidered ornament will serve as a talisman. If you need to make a beautiful picture, then you can choose an 8x7 centimeter pattern with a Celtic motif and embroider it in any theme. Place the pattern as a separate symbol in the picture in black and white and combine it with the diagram of the image you like.

Various cross-stitch patterns embroidered on fabrics

The main purpose of embroidery is to decorate household items or clothing. It is better to embroider cross-stitch ornaments on natural fabrics, for example, linen is ideal as a base. Ornaments are used to decorate towels, napkins, curtains, pillows, as well as items of clothing.

Various colors:

• Geometric patterns are used to design the works;
• It is better to decorate towels with multi-colored ornaments;
• It is better to decorate clothes with an openwork border;
• A pattern of intertwining various berries and herbs looks good on a tablecloth or napkin.

You can choose a colorful pattern with insects or animals and decorate children's clothes with it. Suits for national holidays, decorated with ornaments will not go unnoticed.

Geometric patterns of ornaments: cross stitch

Geometric cross stitch patterns are available in national clothes several nations. Towels for rituals are decorated with patterns, and designs are created from a combination of various figures. A narrow ornament is the repetition of groups of embroidery elements in a certain sequence.

Geometric folk ornament has:

• Points collected into one element;
• Various circular shapes;
• Lines of various breaks;
• Compositions from triangles;
• There are crosses in some details;
• Different sizes of rhombuses and squares.

Ribbon patterns are made in stripes along the edge or in the middle of the product, the surface is completely filled with a mesh pattern, and rosette patterns decorate the middle, separated into a rhombus or square. The main motif of geometric patterns is a rhombus with various weaves and division by diagonals. In fact, there are a huge variety of embroidery patterns for such ornaments. The color scheme plays a big role in embroidery.

Different republics have adopted their own color or combination of colors for embroidering ornaments. And the relationship between the figures of the ornament determines its belonging to different nations.

Unique cross stitch: patterns and ornaments, diagrams (video)

Studying the history of patterns and ornaments is very fascinating; very interesting embroideries and patterns allow you to create a unique work. It’s easy to decorate the canvases of various objects to suit every taste. Embroidery will bring great joy; you can do the work as a gift or decorate your favorite tablecloth with it.

Patterns for cross stitch patterns and ornaments

Patterns for cross stitch patterns and ornaments

Today we will talk about patterns and motifs that needlewomen use for cross stitch. I use them in different areas, embroidering individual small elements on clothes or filling large canvases for pillowcases or napkins with a cross. Let's talk about some types of patterns.

Folk patterns

The very first cross stitch patterns originated in Ancient Rus'. Slavic motifs were embroidered on clothes, hats, towels and interior items. The characteristic design of Slavic patterns cannot be confused with anything else. It is still used to decorate suits, wedding tablecloths and towels. Slavic patterns are also used for embroidering Russian amulets, which are embroidered according to special patterns and have a strict meaning.








The basis for folk cross stitch is natural woven fabrics such as linen. You can embroider on it without pulling the threads, since the pattern of the interweaving of flax threads can serve as a basis for work. Usually, needlewomen embroider Slavic patterns using two threads.
For embroidery, floss threads are most often used, most often in four threads. Both matte and silk threads are used. Very often Slavic motifs suggest the presence of red. Embroidered birds, animals, and plants are also typical for folk embroidery.
Most of the patterns are embroidered using the full cross stitch technique; other stitches are also used for some elements of the pattern.

Geometric patterns

To design their work, embroiderers often use patterns with simple geometric patterns.




For embroidering towels and decorating towels, more complex and multi-colored patterns are used. They can be combined in different variations, resulting in a unique and combined pattern. Geometric patterns are also used in clothing and interior elements.




There are special patterns consisting of geometric shapes for embroidering pillowcases on pillows. If you choose bright color combinations for embroidering such a pattern, you will refresh the interior of any room.






If you are cross-stitching a geometric pattern in the form of a border or track, then you can choose a fabric with a coarse weave of thread. In this case, you can embroider without canvas.





Choose any cotton thread, the main thing is the excellent quality of the material. If you embroider on canvas No. 14, then the thread is folded in half, No. 11 - in three. And when embroidering on fabric, choose the embroidery step and thread thickness yourself experimentally.
Any small picture or card you embroider can be framed using a geometric pattern frame. It can be either narrow or wide, rectangular, round or oval. The diagram you use should be the same size as the main picture - the frame should not be too close to the picture and not too wide.
Almost all geometric patterns are embroidered with a full cross.

Floral patterns

Sometimes, to decorate a towel or embroider on clothes, you need a more openwork and colorful border than with a geometric pattern. In this case, the needlewoman embroiders floral patterns.




They can be either the simplest two-colored or complex and multi-colored. Of course, the more colors you use, the higher the complexity and painstakingness of the work.
The choice of embroidery base and thread thickness also depends on the pattern. For the simplest ornaments, you can use regular fabric and embroider in this case by counting the threads on the fabric. The cross is made on linen fabric using two or three threads, and the floss thread is made in three or four folds. It all depends on the thickness of the fabric.






A more complex pattern looks beautiful on a small canvas, for example No. 16 or 18. The thread is folded in half to make the pattern brighter. The most commonly used technique is a full cross, but depending on the level of complexity of the embroidery, other techniques can be used.
Sometimes a beautiful floral border is enough to decorate a pillowcase or napkin. An openwork branch curling along the edge looks gentle and elegant.

Floral ornament

One of the categories of floral motifs for needlewomen is floral ornaments. The patterns are made up of intertwined wreaths, leaves and berries.




Such an openwork branch can also be on a napkin, tablecloth or cushion cover. Or maybe on clothes, for example, on a woman’s blouse or a child’s shirt. There are very different patterns for cross stitch, divided by complexity and type of pattern. Two-color patterns are considered the easiest to embroider. Their design is simple, you won’t get confused with the colors, and it is quickly embroidered because the canvas used for it is large.






The floral pattern can be embroidered on canvas No. 11 or 14. The thread is used in two and three folds. For simple circuits embroiderers use only a full cross; for more complex ones, partial cross techniques and connecting stitches for vine embroidery can be used.
The threads and fabric chosen are of natural origin; you can also embroider on silk fabrics, but in this case the design must be applied to the fabric in a printing house.

Children's pattern

Children's patterns are often used for children's paintings and embroidery of bed linen and curtains. The embroidery pattern can be anything: toys, pencils, items of clothing and shoes, pacifiers and bottles, bows, butterflies, hearts and many more different motifs.









Young mothers enjoy decorating children's things and embroidering pictures for the children's bedroom. You can also use children’s patterns to decorate a photo frame or embroider a card for your baby’s birthday.
Both the fabric and the threads that you use will depend on the embroidery patterns. It is advisable to choose several motifs for edging that are the same in height and width, so that they are combined together into a continuous round dance or a small train.
To design pictures, you can use a large canvas, it is not necessary white. If you are not going to embroider the background, then choose a canvas in a color that matches the wallpaper or curtains of the children's room.








And for a children's card or towel, you can take natural linen and embroider a narrow canvas consisting of children's patterns.
Choose threads of a natural composition: matte or silk. You can choose from sets of Gamma threads, they include spools of threads of different colors and shades, 15-20 per set. The bright color and shimmer of the threads will make children's embroidery very expressive and festive.
If you do not want to place your embroidered work under glass, make a frame on the fabric from any suitable pattern, and place the picture without an additional frame.