Immunity
Why do children often get sick?Yes, because nature intended it that way. Immunity is our defense against infections. Viruses, bacteria and their other pathogens are already native agents to the body. They are called antigens. As soon as they enter the body, the immune system produces antibodies that fight the antigens and neutralize them. With good immunity, the body successfully defends itself, and the person either does not get sick at all or quickly copes with the illness; when it is reduced, the fight against infection is sluggish, it takes over, and the person gets sick for a long time.
There are critical periods in the life of children that are not yet entirely clear to immunologists, but are known to all medical practitioners. The cellular composition of the blood changes twice in children: on the 4-5th day after birth and on the 4-5th year of life. During the second change, there are fewer lymphocytes in the blood, and more neutrophils (cells that quickly fight bacterial pathogens). Only after 5 years does a child begin to react to viruses and bacteria in the same way as adults.
The question arises: maybe it would be better if the child went to kindergarten not at 3 years old, but at 5 years old, when the immune system has matured?
Perhaps. But not attending kindergarten at all is also bad: then the child will not get out of illness during the first two grades. Let him get sick in kindergarten. And he must get sick in order to develop protection against the most common pathogens!
Are there any rules?Yes, and for each age there are different ones.
- IF CHILDREN FROM 2 TO 6 YEARS ARE SICK WITH ARVI NO MORE THAN 5-6 TIMES A YEAR - THIS IS NORMAL.
- FOR JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN THE NORMAL IS 4 TIMES A YEAR.
- BUT IF YOUR CHILD doesn’t get out of colds, AND GETS SICK 10 TIMES A YEAR - GO TO AN IMMUNOLOGIST. SUCH A CHILD NEEDS TO CHECK IMMUNE STATUS.
Childhood illnesses are inevitable, there is no escape from them. Of course, they always disrupt their parents’ plans: they bought tickets to the theater in advance - the child got sick, for once they got together for a visit - the baby came down with a fever, the mother was offered a lucrative job, and her children had scrofula instead of diarrhea...
What to do? Love and treat these snotty capricious creatures and wait patiently. When they outgrow all their problems. And this will definitely happen.
One month after illness, the child should:
- sleep a lot, preferably during the day;
- eat at least 4 times a day;
- take vitamin supplements;
- walk a lot;
- communicate less with other people so as not to come into contact with their bacteria and viruses. Do not go with him to theaters, museums, guests, do not receive them at your place.
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Many adults have learned from their own experience that heart disease also affects other organs. After all, the cardiovascular system is the “river of life”, providing blood, and therefore nutrients and oxygen, to the entire body. That is why the heart must be protected from childhood. Parents, knowing the characteristics of the child’s heart and having a good idea of what is good for it and what is harmful, can help their child keep the heart healthy and consult a doctor in time if necessary. Today we will introduce you to the recommendations of specialist physiologists V.N. Bezobrazova, S.B. Dogadkina, G.V. Kmit, L.V. Rubleva, A.N. Sharapov.
Advice for parents.
Tip 1. Teach your child to follow a daily routine. A habitual routine contributes to the rhythmic and harmonious functioning of the heart and the whole body. It is necessary to wisely alternate mental stress with physical exercise, which will avoid overwork and keep the heart healthy.
Tip 2. Make sure your child gets good sleep. Adequate sleep allows the heart to rest and gain strength.
Tip 3. Remember that the child must receive enough vitamins and minerals from food. A nutritious, varied and regular diet is necessary for the proper development and normal functioning of the heart. Do not overfeed your child or force him to eat. Excess weight is a direct threat to the heart.
Tip 4. Teach your child to move more. Morning exercises, walking, outdoor games, sports classes, and feasible physical activity have a beneficial effect on the functioning of the heart.
Tip 5. Try to pay more attention to your child’s problems, which sometimes seem insignificant to you. Help him with advice in difficult situations for him. Tell your child more often how much you love him and how dear he is to you. Your love will make him feel more secure. Negative emotions are harmful to the heart and blood vessels.
Tip 6. Cultivate in your child a negative attitude towards smoking, drinking alcohol and drugs. These substances are known to have harmful effects on the body. Try to explain to him that he only has one life and you shouldn’t conduct an experiment on yourself to test the harmfulness or harmlessness of such substances - there’s simply nothing to compare with. Smart people learn from other people's mistakes!
Tip 7. Remember that many infectious diseases (sore throat, flu, etc.) can cause complications on the heart and blood vessels. Follow the doctor's instructions and make sure that your child follows the home regimen until complete recovery.
Tip 8. It is easier to prevent a disease than to treat it!
Your child must undergo medical examination every year. If for some reason the child has not undergone medical examination, bring him to the clinic to see the pediatrician yourself. Detected deviations in heart activity in time will help avoid more serious illness.
Tip 9. Never self-medicate your child. If your child has high blood pressure, do not give him medications taken by his grandmother, who has hypertension. Only a doctor should find out the cause of high blood pressure and treat the child!
Tip 10. Know moderation in everything! If your child has any functional abnormalities in the activity of the heart, do not panic! When following all the doctor’s recommendations, do not convince your child that he is sick, do not focus undue attention on this, and do not protect him from feasible physical activity.
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What is your child's posture like?
Formation of correct posture is one of the most important tasks in the physical education of children. These days this is a problem in almost every family.
Reduced physical activity, a sedentary lifestyle, computer games, endless watching of TV shows - all this leads to poor posture. And then school - it is unlikely to help correct existing violations, most likely it will worsen them.
Almost everything affects a child’s posture - the daily routine, the size of the furniture, the children’s posture during their favorite activities, their duration, proper nutrition. Where to start? Let's start with defining posture!
How to determine a child's posture?
This can be done as follows: undress the child to the waist, place the child on a raised platform so that his shoulder blades are at the level of your eyes. Talk to your child to relieve the tension and see the real picture. Look at how the child’s shoulders are positioned: do they form one line or are one slightly higher than the other? Then see if the shoulder girdles and shoulder blades are symmetrical. If there is a violation, contact a specialist.
How to avoid poor posture?
- Furniture: The design of the table and chair should provide support for the torso, arms and legs. Symmetrical position of the head and shoulder girdle, consistent with height. The child's legs should not hang from the chair; their feet should be on the floor.
- The length of the bed should be 20-25 cm greater than the child’s height. The pillow should not be too big or high. The child should not be allowed to sleep curled up with his legs pulled up to his chest. In this position, the shoulder blades shift and the spine bends.
- When drawing or looking at illustrations, the posture should be comfortable, the elbows of both hands on the table, the shoulders at the same level, the head slightly tilted. The child should sit with equal load on both buttocks. The child should not be allowed to sit cross-legged or catch them on the legs of the chair.
But the main thing is still physical activity - walk more with your child, visit the pool, go skiing, strengthen the muscles of the back, abdomen, and shoulder girdle. Don't send him to his room to watch TV!
And then everything will be fine for you!
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"Pochemuchki School"
Parents whose children attend kindergarten often have questions. Let's try to answer the most common of them.
1. What is hardening?
Hardening is a set of measures aimed at strengthening the body's immune system. The most optimal conditions for the formation of an adequate protective reaction of the body are provided by contrast procedures (for example, dousing the legs with hot and cold water, contrast shower)
2. Is it possible to use hardening procedures if a child is often sick?
Not only is it possible, but it is necessary! But hardening methods and techniques should be gentle and selected strictly individually, taking into account the child’s health condition. During the period of illness and recovery, hardening is not recommended.
3. What makes sedentary children different?
The body of sedentary children is the most vulnerable. Low mobility is a risk factor for a child; it is usually explained by his ill health, poor motor skills, or the fact that the child is accustomed to a sedentary lifestyle. Such children are more likely to catch colds.
4. Is morning exercise necessary in kindergarten?
The purpose of morning exercises is to awaken the body from sleep. However, in kindergarten it is important not so much as a means of awakening, but as an organized communication between children, a means of increasing emotional tone, and relieving mental stress from parting with parents.
5. Why are sports events needed in kindergarten?
They help improve motor skills, develop interest and need for physical exercise, and promote a healthy lifestyle. Holidays with parents are of particular importance. The role of personal example is undeniable!
6. Should a child be involved in physical education if he has other interests?
Movement is a biological need of the body, especially during growth. Therefore, a complete lack of interest in physical exercise is an alarming signal. It is necessary to carefully and patiently return to the child the natural interest in movement. Statements like “He doesn’t want to go to physical education, leave him in the group”, especially in the presence of a child, simply should not be heard! Show your child a personal example - start with exercises.
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This beneficial self-massage
In order to harden and improve the health of children, to relieve muscle tension, to increase the child’s body’s resistance to colds, to create a sense of joy and good mood in your children, we suggest performing self-massage with your child.
We offer several types of self-massage of biologically active zones for the prevention of colds using poetry.
"Slightly"
Massage "Palms"
Words | Actions |
Here's our game: Clap one hand, clap another. | Hand clapping |
Right, right palm We'll spank a little. | Slaps on the left arm from shoulder to hand. |
And now with your left palm Make your clapping louder! | Also on the right. |
And then, then, then, We'll even beat your cheeks. | Claps on the cheeks. |
Palms up - clap, clap. Slap, slap on the knees. | Claps overhead. On the knees. |
Now pat me on the shoulders, Slap yourself on the sides. | Over the shoulders On the sides. |
You can clap behind your back We clap in front of ourselves. | On the back On the chest. |
On the right we can, on the left we can! And cross - fold our hands crosswise. | Tapping with palms on the chest on the left, right. |
And we will stroke ourselves, That's how beautiful it is. | Stroking the arms, chest, sides and legs. |
Facial massage
Words | Actions |
The warm wind strokes faces, The forest rustles with thick leaves. | Run your fingers from eyebrows to chin and back 4 times. |
The oak wants to bow to us, Klen nods his head. | From the point between the eyebrows with your thumb, massage the forehead to the base of the hair and back 4 times |
And the curly birch Sees off all the guys. | Massage the temple cavities with the index fingers in a circular motion. |
Goodbye green forest, We are leaving for kindergarten. | Stroking the face |
Every family with a child needs knowledge on raising children. Improving the pedagogical culture and educating parents are important tasks of the kindergarten. A visual means of interaction between educators and families is the design of a parent’s corner in a kindergarten. A parent stand in kindergarten is a must for any group.
The parent's corner in kindergarten should contain the group's daily routine, the schedule and topics of classes, and the daily menu. In it, teachers introduce parents to methods of education, help them with advice and consultation, and provide other important information. Information in the parent corner should be carefully selected and designed so that it attracts attention and becomes truly useful for parents of preschoolers.
We place a parent's corner in kindergarten
A corner for parents in kindergarten should be located in the reception area of each group. Set aside one of the walls, a special stand or shelf for it. In order for such an information stand in a kindergarten to be noticeable and attract the attention of mothers and fathers, it is best to place it in the group’s locker room, for example, above the children’s lockers or opposite the entrance to the group.
Consider the design of the corner in accordance with the name of the group and its design style.
Most often, do-it-yourself stands for parents in kindergartens are made from plywood. A collapsible version of the stand is very convenient, which can be reduced or enlarged (depending on the amount of information placed on it). Of course, if possible, it is better to purchase a ready-made version of the stand or order an individual one, suitable for the group’s interior.
What should the information for parents look like on the stand?
- Select materials for the parents' corner in accordance with the age group and time of year.
- Present the information colorfully and aesthetically, illustrating it with thematic pictures and photographs.
- The font of the text must be such that the words can be read from a distance of a meter (at least 14 point, spacing 1.5).
- Highlight sections and message titles in a contrasting color.
- Break the text into small paragraphs.
- Present article material concisely.
- Information in the corner for parents should be written in intelligible, understandable language, so there is no need to use complex scientific terms.
Corners for parents in kindergarten should have constant information and information that is updated regularly.
Parents' corners in kindergarten (pictures - design examples)
Permanent materials for the parent corner
Materials that should be in the parent corner throughout the school year:
- characteristics of the age characteristics of children attending the group;
- daily routine;
- class schedule;
- internal rules of the kindergarten;
- information about the program according to which the pedagogical process is carried out;
- introductory information about employees: name and patronymic of the teacher, assistant teacher, head of the kindergarten, methodologist.
Temporary materials for the stand for parents
Bulletin board
The ad text can be edged with braid or strips of paper so that it attracts attention with a beautiful design. If the advertisement invites you to a holiday, it is placed with a picture, for example, with a picture of a mimosa bouquet on March 8th.
Specialists Corner
It should contain materials from a medical worker, educational psychologist and speech therapist:
- names and patronymics of specialists, as well as their reception hours;
- notes on disease prevention and children's health;
- charts of recent height and weight measurements for children;
- articulation gymnastics exercises;
- Tips for developing fine motor skills, attention, memory.
Getting to know nature
The material must be updated every month. Visualization is prepared in accordance with the age of the children. Such information in the parent corner in the younger group should differ significantly from the older group. You can use nursery rhymes and jokes that correspond to the time of year.
The design of a parent's corner in the middle group may include exhibitions of children's books, poems by Russian poets, and tasks for observing living and inanimate nature that children can complete with their parents.
In accordance with the season, reminders are posted on how best to dress girls and boys depending on the temperature outside and indoors.
Box of forgotten things
It is designed in the form of a toy with a basket, box or pocket on the stomach. There is a harmless message on the box encouraging you to look for your lost items here.
Who lost a sock?
Who didn't take the handkerchief?
Don't look in vain
And take it in your pocket!
Additional sections for the parent corner
In addition to constant information, the parents’ corner in kindergarten can contain necessary and interesting information that helps educators cover different aspects of raising children and answer questions that are relevant to parents.
Consultations for parents in mobile folders
To attract the attention of parents, topics should be updated regularly. It would be nice if it was original, creatively presented information for parents.
For example, in the parent’s corner in the senior group, you can offer the following topics:
- "Family in a child's drawings";
- "Modern fairy tales and the child";
- "Experiments and experiments in the bathroom."
Exhibitions of handicrafts for children with parents
The best option here is to design a corner for parents in the form of a beautiful shelf, suitable for placing a large number of children's crafts.
To attract parents to joint creative activities with their children, thematic creative competitions should be regularly announced:
- "Lesovichok from natural material";
- "Magic bell for the Christmas tree";
- "My favorite fairy-tale hero made of plasticine";
- exhibitions for the holidays - New Year, Cosmonautics Day, February 23 under interesting names.
Thematic exhibitions of photographs
The corner for parents in the preschool educational institution can also be decorated with photo exhibitions. For example, a selection of photographs from the life of a kindergarten: from a lesson, a holiday, an excursion.
Children are always interested in thematic exhibitions collected from bright episodes of friends spending time outside the kindergarten, for example:
- "Our summer vacation";
- "Winter fun with dad";
- "Weekend in the Forest"
Photos should be supplemented with short stories and interesting captions.
Certificate of commendation from parents
It’s a small thing, but it’s nice, as one can say about the beautifully designed text with words of gratitude to the fathers and mothers who helped the group: they watered the hill, sewed hats for the lightning, and took part in preparing the holiday.
In our class
In this section, educators introduce parents to the program content of the classes and offer to consolidate the material at home: repeat a riddle, a poem, a proverb. Lists of literature on the topic of the lesson for reading to children are also attached here.
Happy birthday!
Photos of birthday people, congratulations and cards for students are posted here. The section helps you find out in time which baby needs to be congratulated and adds joy to the hero of the occasion.
Decorating a parent's corner in a kindergarten is a multifaceted activity. Its content must be constantly updated and changed. When filling the corner, you should take into account the inadmissibility of sensory overload. Otherwise, parents will quickly lose interest in him.
Parent corner competition - video
The success of the educational process in kindergarten directly depends on the degree of coordination between teachers and parents. In this connection, the exchange of information and experience, the search for interesting ways to organize work with children, as well as awareness of the results of the educational activities of children are very important. All these aspects of cooperation are reflected in the corner for parents. And the teacher’s task is to formalize it methodically, competently and aesthetically.
Goals of creating a corner for parents
A stand or shelf, as well as tablets and mats, which are located in the reception area and are intended to familiarize parents with the life of the group where their child is being raised, are called a corner for parents. The goals of its creation are:
- awakening the family’s interest in the life of the group and the garden (materials on planned excursions, creative projects, etc.);
- demonstration of the results of work on the training, development and upbringing of children (photos, photo collages, drawings by children, crafts, including those made with parents, etc.);
- familiarization with regulatory documents relating to parenthood (information about the rights of the child, a list of the rights and responsibilities of parents, the charter of a preschool institution, etc.).
The corner for parents should be neat and meaningful
Material supply form
In order for the corner to fulfill its purpose as much as possible, its design should be varied, but not redundant. Based on the methodological experience of generations of educators, we can conclude that for a beautiful and meaningful parent corner it is enough to choose one of the following items:
- 1–2 stands;
- 3–4 tablets (the size is selected according to the dimensions of the corner);
- 1 table or shelf for the exhibition of children's works (they are conveniently placed in the mat);
- posters or images of silhouettes of toys, fairy-tale characters.
Children's drawings, bright pictures, photographs of children during activities and walks - this is only part of the design of a corner for parents, the content of which can be divided into two groups of materials: permanent and temporary. The first include:
- annually updated age characteristics of children;
- a list of age-appropriate skills and abilities (rewritten every year);
- daily routine for the current academic year;
- menu;
- rules “Every parent should know this”;
- information about the program under which the preschool child care institution operates;
- telephone numbers of the teacher, assistant teacher, social service, ambulance, helpline;
- information from specialists (their names, office hours, phone numbers);
- tips for training fine motor skills, logic, memory, speaking;
- notes on disease prevention (organized, for example, in a folder);
- table with data on weighing and measuring the height of babies;
- letters of gratitude for parents (for helping the group, kindergarten, etc.).
It’s convenient when a place is allocated in the parent’s corner for a lost and found area for children’s lost things.
Temporary materials require the following information:
- list of birthday people for the month;
- health sheet with information for a specific day;
- a list of activities for the whole week (with topics, tasks and a brief description of the content);
- information about the results of the children’s work (exhibition of works, results of psychological and pedagogical tests, etc.);
- a list of topics that need to be repeated with children (for example, learn a riddle, poem, proverb);
- a list of activities for a period of the academic period (usually a month);
- news from the life of kindergarten;
- information about upcoming competitions (for example, “Summer vacation for my family”, “Weekend with dad”, etc.)
Where to place
It is best if the corner is located near the window. Any well-lit area of the room will also work.
In many kindergartens, information for parents is placed above the lockers.
Requirements
As with all educational materials, there are several requirements for the parents’ corner:
- the names of the headings are highlighted in bright, for example, red;
- the text must be divided into paragraphs;
- availability of constant and updated information;
- The main principle of presenting material is lapidary.
This is interesting. Lapidary - extremely short, condensed.
Regarding the issue of information content, the relevance of the information is important. And the task is not only to match the material to a given moment in the life of the group, such as a report on events, a work plan for the week or a menu, but to create a selection of useful recommendations for parents of a specific age group. So, it will be useful for parents of children in the first junior group to read about the daily routine in kindergarten, so that at home, relatives can build a similar rhythm to facilitate the child’s adaptation to new living conditions in the group. But for mothers and fathers of preschoolers in the preparatory group, for example, it is very important to learn in advance about tests for first-graders, as well as about the work that is carried out in kindergarten to prepare children for the first tests.
If the sheets of information are not protected by a frame covering, the information will not stay on the stand for long
Design example
There can be many options for creating a corner. It all depends on the creativity of the teacher and the capabilities of the kindergarten’s material and technical base. In other words, using available materials to realize creative ideas, you can decorate a corner for parents in a unique author’s style. Let's consider the most accessible form in terms of materials, simple in execution and easy to use in the form of train carriages.
Materials:
- ceiling tiles;
- narrow plinth for the ceiling;
- cardboard (thick);
- colored self-adhesive;
- PVA glue;
- scissors and paper knife;
- colored paper;
- A4 size plastic pockets.
To create a corner for parents with your own hands, you will need quite affordable materials.
Instructions:
- We cut out rectangles of the required size from the ceiling tiles (it all depends on the size of the corner, as well as on the dimensions of the train and the number of cars in it).
- Glue the blanks onto cardboard.
- Cover with self-adhesive tape.
- We place the ceiling plinth on the edges. It can also be used to imitate frames for sheets of information (instead of plastic pockets).
- Using a stapler or glue, we attach plastic pockets to the cars.
Cutting out a locomotive is quite a troublesome task, because it must be proportional to the rest of the cars
- We cut out flowers from colored paper, which we use to tie the trailers together.
- We print the information on A4 sheets and place it in pockets.
You can decorate the corner with paper clouds located above the train
Scheme of work analysis and design of a corner for parents
The indicators by which the effectiveness of visual collaboration with parents is assessed are determined by the methodological council of the preschool children's institution, taking into account the specifics of the educational direction of the kindergarten (for example, the organization of the educational process for children with visual impairments). The website of the Educational Resources Database (ERB) provides a sample by which you can evaluate the compliance of the content and form of visual work with the family with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard (Federal State Educational Standard).
Table: plan for pedagogical analysis of the parent corner
| Indicators | Points | |||
A good example is contagious
An article on working with parents in kindergarten for the parents' corner.
Childhood, as everyone well knows, is a sensitive period for the development of all human mental functions, a period in a person’s life that creates the most favorable conditions for the formation of certain psychological properties and types of behavior. The Italian teacher Maria Montessori (who, in fact, was one of the first to determine the boundaries of sensitive periods of development and perception in children) noted that from birth to 3 years of age the period of perception of order, up to 5.5 years of sensory development, up to 6 years of speech development . The sensitive period for the development of social skills is the age of 2.5 - 6 years. The task of parents during childhood is not only to develop the emerging processes of perception, attention, memory and speech, but also to form the correct worldview and culture of behavior in society from the very cradle.
What exactly parents should put into the child’s mind is, of course, determined by the family; there are no prescribed postulates and it is unlikely that they will ever be legitimized. But any adult who exists in society and has direct contact with people every day must understand that as soon as a child begins the process of developing active speech, instilling a culture of communication in the child is a very important point in his social development. Where can a child learn this if not from his parents?
It is very important not only to teach the child the correct, polite words, but also to try to explain to the child the meaning of this ritual, the meaning of the entire culture of communication. Family members explain household rituals to the baby, such as washing hands and then drying them to prevent poisoning. Likewise, words of greeting should be said not only because you know this person, but precisely because with these words you can express your respect and wish health to your interlocutor (Hello - from the word “health”).
Very often in kindergarten, parents send their child to say “goodbye” to the teacher, while they themselves wait at the door, forgetting that they themselves are the best example for the child. If one of them regularly says goodbye to their teachers, then the child will better consolidate this action and accept it as a norm of behavior. If a father gives up his seat in public transport to older people and women with children, most likely this action will forever be the rule for the future man.
Adults in the presence of children should never deviate from certain norms, otherwise the child may become confused about which behavior is correct and which is not and which line of behavior should be followed. Children's behavior is not very stable. It constantly changes depending on what you see or read. The child has not yet learned to correlate the degree of correctness of his behavior and the “model”. During this period of life, any child is very dependent in his actions on adults or peers; he also imitates, not caring about the correctness of his behavior. Therefore, in his moral orientation he is forced to look up to adults.
In conclusion, I would like to recall the following words of Porfiry Kavsokalivit: “It seems that it is very difficult to become good, but in reality it is easy if a good start is made from childhood. And then, when you grow up, it’s not difficult for you, because goodness is already inside you, you live by it. It is your property, which you will preserve if you are careful throughout your life.” Parents should not forget that a child is a mirror of the family; if you want to raise a worthy person, then do not forget that first of all you yourself must behave with dignity.
The sensitive period of child development is the period within which the child has the most favorable conditions for the formation of certain qualities, psychological properties and various types of behavior.
About everything in the world:
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