Developing a one-year-old child. What a child should be able to do at the age of twelve months. Activities with a one-year-old child.

18.02.202227.05.2017

Just yesterday expectant mother interested in questions concerning her own proper nutrition, and childbirth seemed like something unreal. After the birth of a baby, new problems arise, including the stages of development of a newborn - one regime of rest and eating is not enough, since babies are able to absorb a minimum amount of information from the first days of life.

The right time to study

Young mothers may not agree to develop a child from 1 month, because the only activity that fascinates him is sleep. Babies sleep up to 18 hours a day, the rest of the time they eat or take water procedures after changing the next diaper. However, it's not that hard to find just a few minutes to play even with a one-month-old baby. It is advisable to engage in development at the moments when the child has eaten, has woken up from sleep and is not capricious.

It is enough to spend about 10-15 minutes playing with a newborn to give an impetus to mental and emotional development. After communication, the baby will probably fall asleep and give the mother the opportunity to pay attention to herself and household chores.

Proper stimulation of natural interest in children 1 month of age will be a good start for the formation of a harmonious personality.

Movements

Regular laying on the stomach help strengthen the muscles of the abdomen, back and spine, and are an excellent prevention of colic and digestive disorders. The child must be placed on a hard and level surface, carefully holding his head. Not all children like such manipulations, since the exercise requires some effort. You can gently stroke the back, avoiding the spine area, and talk quietly.

At first, the procedure should last no more than 1 minute, then gradually the time increases to 10-15 minutes, but here it is important to monitor the reaction and mood of the newborn. To increase interest in the exercise, it is recommended to use bright toys, which will attract the attention of the little one.

Even a newborn needs physical activity - doctors recommend laying him on his stomach and giving him a gentle massage, accompanied by stroking.

The muscles of the neck and head are strengthened if worn periodically one month old baby in my arms, placing it vertically. At the same time, it is necessary to lightly hold the baby's head, since up to 3 months he is not able to fix it independently.

Pediatricians recommend carrying babies in the first days of life, supporting the buttocks and neck– the baby should sit completely in the adult’s arms, supporting the back of the head with one hand and the buttocks with the other. The arms and legs are in a free position, and the torso can bend slightly.

Tactile sensations

The baby's tactile sensations are best formed through touch, which replace any toys. You can touch various parts of the body: legs, arms, neck, cheeks. Cotton wool, feathers, and fur are used as stimulants - this will allow the child to learn to distinguish gentle touches from soft ones and become familiar with tickling.

In the first month you need hand development classes why stroking is useful back side palms from wrist to fingers. After the manipulation, you should place a small rattle or small toys in the child’s fist, offering them one at a time. The rattle should have a short handle, since a long one is difficult for the baby to hold. You can pull fabrics of various textures or a flagellum with knots tied on it through a fist. Do not underestimate such games, because the development of speech directly depends on the motor skills of the fingers.

Visual perception

The vision of a newborn does not allow him to focus his gaze on a specific object, but the world around us the baby's vision is blurry. During play, it is important to lean very closely over the baby so that the adult’s face is at a distance of 30 cm. As soon as it is clear that the child has fixed his face loved one, you can slowly move your head to the right and left, call the baby by name, click your tongue or smack your lips. Such actions will be much more effective than the most expensive toy, as they will help evoke tracking and attention.

In order for the child to better perceive the words, gestures and visual images of the parents, it is advisable not just to stand over the crib, but to lean closer to the baby

Gradually, within 1 month, toys that differ from each other in texture, color and sound should be introduced into use. At this age, the child distinguishes between checks and stripes, black and white shades, yellow and red. There is no point in buying toys of the same type, because you can keep your baby busy communicating with his parents. Among the main acceptable options experienced mothers highlight:

Toys that can be hung above the playpen. It is not necessary to attach a whole carousel at once; one bright detail is enough for the little one to learn to fix his gaze. It is advisable to change toys 2 times a week.
Toys that are attached with an elastic band. A simply hanging object can quickly bore a child, but moving toys will arouse interest. You don’t need any special skills to use this game to entertain your baby: just pull the rubber band and release it.
Toys that can be moved. Here you will need the presence of an adult and the presence of a colored toy, which must be smoothly moved from one end of the arena to the other.

At 1 month, babies look with great interest black and white patterns and pictures: spirals, image of a chessboard.

If you don’t have time to deal with your child’s development every day, you should hang pictures on the wall next to the crib. However, you should not console yourself that the baby develops independently with the same success as when playing with adults. Communication helps the baby quickly get used to the world that is unfamiliar to him.

Auditory perception

In order for a newborn to concentrate hearing, in the first month of life it is necessary sing him lullabies. If you lack vocal abilities, you can play soft classical music or ring a rattle to the left and right of the baby. In fact, the baby does not care at all what songs and how his mother sings - he is simply pleased to hear her voice. Freezing and stopping movements are a sure signal that the child is listening to new sounds.

Speech perception

The most suitable time for exercise is considered to be when the baby is awake after feeding. You need to take him in your arms so that he takes the “embryo” pose and looks into the adult’s face, then you need make "ahu" sounds, imitating the toddler, pausing for 1-2 minutes. It will take several repetitions to get a response from the newborn.

During the “dialogue” it is useful to stroke the baby, stir him up, and bring him closer to your face. If you play while the baby is lying in the crib, you should hang the toys with their faces down so that the baby can see them. During the first days, it is advisable to use large black and white objects, then replacing them with colored ones.

Speech contact with an adult always causes a storm of emotions in a newborn. He pays attention to the speaker, rejoices in communication, smiles and hums. Particular sensitivity is manifested when the dialogue is conducted with a childish manner of speech. Loving mother To convey all his tenderness, he most often uses lisping techniques when addressing his child. Among the first needs of a toddler, psychologists note:

affection;
Love;
tenderness;
care.

It only takes a few days for a strong emotional and sensory connection to be established between mother and baby. You should not listen to the advice of the older generation about the dangers of quickly responding to a baby’s cry. It is important to respond to a cry as quickly as possible so that the baby felt completely protected and safe. A newborn may experience discomfort for various reasons: pain, hunger, wet diapers, full diaper. We should not forget that in the first month of life, the world around us frightens the little one, and we need to provide him with a harmonious atmosphere.

Among the sedative methods used pacifier and rocking in arms, which is also sometimes considered unacceptable, but there is nothing wrong with the baby being able to realize the sucking reflex or plunging into a familiar state when he gently swayed inside his mother’s belly. There is no need to be afraid that an extra touch will spoil the newborn. It is much worse if from the first days the baby feels lonely just because the grandmother forbids the mother to approach the playpen often. When a child is held in his arms, the departments are activated nervous system related to the organs of hearing and vision. Direct contact with the mother best stimulates the full development of the baby.

Clinical and perinatal psychologist, graduated from the Moscow Institute of Perinatal Psychology and Reproductive Psychology and Volgograd State Medical University with a degree in clinical psychology

It would seem that just recently the parents brought from the maternity hospital a small bundle containing such a long-awaited baby. He couldn't do anything on his own yet. And after twelve months, adults see a small personality in front of them: the baby can already walk or is trying to take his first steps, pronounces individual words and shows character. After all, a one-year-old child is already an individual, with his own desires and requirements. Doctors never tire of repeating that each child is individual and the pace of development of children may differ. But the World Health Organization has developed norms and standards within which the baby should fit at the age of one. Let's take a closer look at what a child should be able to do at twelve months. What are the signs that indicate you need to see a doctor?

Features of the physical development of boys and girls

By the age of one year, the baby makes a big leap in physical development. Some children begin to walk on their own, while others take their first steps with caution. At the same time, babies continue to actively crawl; for them, this method of movement is more familiar and faster. It is on all fours that the child fully feels his body and can control it.

Experts point out that parents should not worry if the baby is not yet walking independently at one year old. But the baby must confidently stand and walk with support, hand in hand with adults. If at twelve months the child does not try to perform these actions, this is a reason to consult a doctor for advice.

By the age of one year, babies are very inquisitive, they know how to sit down and stand up, they can climb on and off the sofa or bed. Many parents notice that by the age of one year, children are very interested in music, they have an excellent sense of rhythm and begin to sway from side to side to the sounds of songs. Despite the fact that each child is individual and the time frame for him to learn new skills may differ, there are generally accepted standards physical development children. A child develops according to his age if by twelve months he can:

sit independently, confidently holding your back;
Active crawling: Doctors warn that some children go beyond the crawling stage and immediately begin to sit up and then stand up. This is also considered a variant of the norm. Such babies can master crawling after they take their first steps;
climb onto the bed, climb the steps of the stairs;
stand on your own, with or without support;
walk with support or hand in hand with an adult;
drink from a cup with the help of parents and try to perform this action independently, eat from a spoon with mother’s help;
move objects from place to place, collect your toys, point to an object of interest to the child.

Some children can already walk independently by the age of one year. But experts point out that if a child does not walk on his own at twelve months, this is not a reason to panic. Normally, babies begin to take their first steps on their own by the age of 1.2 years.

By the time of their first anniversary, a baby has an average of 8 teeth. But this figure is approximate: some children have 4-6 baby teeth, while others can boast of having as many as 12 helpers to chew food.

Sleep and rest time at twelve months

The child’s daily routine also changes: the baby is more awake than asleep. Night sleep takes 11 hours, and during the day the baby rests only 3 hours, which are distributed over two daytime naps. Some children already at this age switch to one nap during the day. Dr. Komarovsky explains that this is not a deviation from the norm, but the individual needs of the body. The fact is that babies who go to bed later at night wake up later in the morning, so they do not need rest in the first half of the day. The body needs a nap in the afternoon.

If the child is active, has a good appetite and develops according to norms, then one nap during the day is enough for him. Dr. Komarovsky recommends listening to your baby's needs and not forcing him to sleep twice during the day.

Baby's height and weight depending on gender - table

Height and weight are the main indicators that confirm that the child is developing according to standards. From birth, every month the doctor and nurse evaluate the baby's growth in centimeters and grams. Lack of body weight in children under one year of age can signal anemia, problems in the digestive and endocrine systems, as well as disorders of the central nervous system.

Experts draw the attention of parents that constant underweight, which leads to a child’s underweight, can cause a lag in the physical and mental development of the baby.

Basic reflexes, skills and abilities of a 1 year old child

For children of different ages There are specific parameters for psychological, mental and speech development. Every mother compares her child with others. And if her baby lags behind according to some criteria, he immediately rushes to the doctor. Experts warn that the pace of development depends on the baby’s temperament, as well as genetic predisposition. Therefore, at the appointment, the doctor evaluates the skills that the baby has acquired by the age of one year, his height and weight, and explains to the parents whether they should worry or whether there is time to wait a little for the child to learn new skills.

Psychological and emotional development of a one-year-old baby

It is at this age that the baby begins to show character. Some parents are perplexed: just yesterday the child was completely obedient, did not throw tantrums, but today he is simply unrecognizable. Child psychologists explain this behavior as the first psychological crisis. The baby is learning the boundaries of what is permitted: the baby may not pay attention to the word “not allowed” and throw a tantrum on every occasion.

Psychologists explain that parents should not be allowed to a small child manipulate yourself. At this age, children understand that crying can achieve what they want. Adults must clearly define boundaries; if something is forbidden to a child, they must stand their ground, even when he cries and is hysterical. Over time, children understand that a parental ban cannot be canceled with tears.

This behavior can continue for up to six months. At this time, parents need to be patient in order to explain to the baby why certain things are not allowed. At one year old, he already understands well what can and cannot be done. Knows how to recognize praise and also reacts when he is scolded for wrongdoing. The child understands when he is asked to bring or serve something. Distinguishes between parents and acquaintances: joy appears on the face at the sight of mom and dad.

At twelve months of age, communication is important for a child. He learns to communicate with peers. The baby is no longer so afraid of strangers, but his mother remains the most important person for him. The presence of the mother calms the baby, he feels safe. Child psychologists recommend that parents teach their children to communicate in the company of peers. It is at this age that you can explain to your child that toys can be shared and that you cannot offend peers. Schools are great for social adaptation early development, where the baby will study in a group with other children.

How to determine whether a child’s psychological development is normal - video

Learning to speak: baby’s speech development

Children at twelve months can pronounce the most simple words: mom, dad, baba, give, am, lalya and others. The baby’s vocabulary already contains 10–20 words, although the child does not pronounce many of them completely, and some sounds are missing from them. But he tries to repeat the words after his parents, and over time vocabulary will expand.

Some children do not speak a year, or their vocabulary is limited to two or three words. If the doctor does not see any developmental abnormalities, this situation may be due to the child’s genetic predisposition and temperamental characteristics. But parents should pay attention to speech development, read more fairy tales to the baby, and talk to him often. During the game, you can explain each action and name objects.

The child is already trying to tell something to his parents using words. For example, when he sees a car, he can say “beep,” or ask for an object or toy that interests him: “give me.” The kid is trying to voice his requests and dissatisfaction. At this age, his facial expressions and intonation are well developed: what the baby cannot express with words, he tries to say with the intonation of his pronunciation.

How to develop your baby's speech

read stories and fairy tales every day;
look at pictures and illustrations in books, while naming each object, animal, etc., clearly pronouncing the name;
explain to the baby all actions and situations: for example, while bathing, you can tell him that this is water, and this is soap, etc.;
create children's songs: a child at this age loves music very much, this also develops a sense of rhythm;
develop fine motor skills: scientists have proven that such activities directly affect the baby’s mental development, including the formation of speech.

How to help your baby learn to speak: the opinion of Dr. Komarovsky - video

Development of a child's motor skills

collect your toys in place: in play corner or a toy basket;
grasp objects with two fingers;
play independently for half an hour;
assemble a pyramid;
place cube on cube;
play with the ball: tries to throw it into a box or basket.

If parents notice that the child does not show interest in toys, a ball, or cannot hold objects in his hands, this is a reason to seek advice from a pediatrician and neurologist. One of the reasons may be hyper- or hypotonicity of the muscles. Only a doctor can make an accurate diagnosis and give recommendations.

Introducing to beauty: musical development

According to psychologists, you need to pay attention not only to the physical and mental, but also musical development child. At the age of twelve months, he already has a sense of rhythm, he is interested in moving to music, listening to children's songs and cheerful notes. Many children love to play toy musical instruments: they like to reproduce sounds and create sounds. Music has the properties of relaxing and calming: the sounds of nature have a positive effect on the child’s nervous system.

Musical development is simply necessary for children. Music influences active processes in the brain and also has a positive effect on the development of thinking, memory and attention.

Doctors often recommend using music as a healing therapy. For example, for children with hyperactivity, neurologists prescribe turning on the sound of water and the sounds of dolphins in order to calm the nervous system and relax the baby. Psychologists recommend playing music to your child every day. These don’t have to be classical works; children’s songs or sounds of nature can be used. The main thing is that the baby likes the music. But you shouldn’t overload your baby’s hearing: 10–20 minutes a day to listen to music is enough.

Norms and terms of child development - video

Necessary activities: how to develop, what to teach a child at this age

A child cannot develop independently; he needs help, prompting, and most importantly - to create comfortable conditions. Doctors warn that physical and mental development Parents must pay equal attention so that the baby develops harmoniously.

Sports is required

From birth, doctors insist that to strengthen the baby’s muscles, it is necessary to do massage and gymnastics. Although a child is already more independent at one year old, there is no need to give up physical exercise. After waking up, it is recommended to do gymnastics, which will invigorate you and set you up for an active pastime. In the evening you can have a relaxing massage.

Walking in the fresh air, playing on sports fields, and playing with a ball are required;
If possible, you can install a sports complex for your baby at home. Doctors are only for it if a child is introduced to sports with early age. This perfectly strengthens muscles and prevents problems with the spine;
Swimming in the pool is beneficial. You can study with an instructor or on your own. Hydromassage is also very useful for the general condition of the body, as well as strengthening the muscles of the whole body;
Fitball exercises not only appeal to children, but are also useful for training the vestibular system.

Exercises on a fitball for a one-year-old baby - video

Development of fine motor skills

The development of fine motor skills plays a huge role for a child at the age of one year. It is at this time that the baby becomes more active and inquisitive. And the task of parents is to direct his interest in the right direction. Today, adults can enroll their children in classes at children's development centers, where experienced teachers will work with them. Parents can also develop an activity program on their own to perform various exercises with their child at home.

There are proprietary methods that are developed for children of different ages. Parents can study according to one method or choose individual tasks that are interesting to the child. The most popular today are the methods of Maria Monessori, Glen Doman and Nikitins.

Fine motor exercises - video

Teachers and child psychologists say that at twelve months you can do the following with your baby:

modeling: plasticine, salt dough, or a special modeling compound perfectly develops imagination, thinking and fine motor skills;
playing with sand and water: children are interested in learning different shapes. Liquid can be poured from one container to another. And make different figures or castles from sand. Today there is special kinetic sand on sale that does not leave stains and you can play with it at home when it’s cold outside and you can’t go to the sandbox;
exercises with a busy board: hard or soft educational boards, rugs or books will definitely interest the child. Details and elements that are attached to busy boards perfectly develop fine motor skills, patience, logic, thinking and attention;
drawing: development creativity influences speech development. You can begin to introduce the baby to a brush and paints; if the baby is not interested in this method of painting, it is recommended to try finger paints;
games with construction sets: for children of this age, there are construction sets on sale with large blocks that they cannot swallow.

Dr. Komarovsky argues that it is imperative to work with children. But there are certain rules: classes must take place in game form, and also only if the child wishes. If the baby is capricious and does not want to do the exercises, it is better to postpone the classes to a later time or another day.

Early child development: opinion of Dr. Komarovsky - video

Caring for a one year old child

Cleanliness is the key to health. This phrase is familiar to everyone since childhood. A one-year-old baby requires special care, because he cannot yet perform many actions independently.

Water procedures

Water procedures are required: in the morning it can be a light shower, during which the mother washes the child, brushes the teeth, ears and nose. In the evening, it is better to run a bath and the baby can swim and play in the water for at least 30–40 minutes.

Pediatricians and dermatologists warn that when bathing a child, you need to use special shampoos or soaps designed for children of this age. Adult shower gels can cause an allergic reaction, irritation or excessive dryness of the baby's delicate skin.

How to bathe a child - video

How to dress a child correctly

Another important point - right choice clothes:

things should be made from natural materials to allow the skin to breathe and not cause allergic reactions;
You should not dress your baby too warmly: children have different thermoregulation from adults, so the child should be dressed according to the weather;
clothing should be comfortable: it cannot be too tight or loose. A small margin is allowed so that the baby can move freely.

Walking in the fresh air

At any age, a child can benefit from walks outside. Pediatricians recommend walking even in bad weather, exceptions are severe frosts, below - 15 degrees, and showers. The rest of the time you need to be outside for at least two hours a day. In good weather, it is recommended to spend one of your naps outdoors. This is very beneficial for the baby's health.

Do not forget about fresh air in the room where the child sleeps. The room should be frequently ventilated and wet cleaned at least twice a week. If there are indoor plants, make sure that they cannot cause allergies in the baby, otherwise the flowers should be removed from the room.

Child and walks - video

Baby's nutrition at twelve months

At one year old, a child already eats not only breast milk or mixture, but also many solid foods in the form of purees or juices. The baby eats 4-5 times a day, with an interval of 3-4 hours. Children at this age have an average of eight teeth, so chewing skills are actively developing. Parents should help their child learn to chew; to do this, they don’t have to puree the food, but leave small pieces. There are special cereals on sale for training the chewing reflex.

The baby's diet should be balanced; the menu includes:

meat and fish purees;
vegetable dishes;
fermented milk products: cottage cheese and kefir, yogurt;
yolk;
butter and vegetable oil are added to dishes;
fruit purees and juices;
porridge.

All dishes are steamed or boiled. It is strictly forbidden to give a child at this age smoked and fried foods, because the unformed gastrointestinal tract is not able to accept food prepared in this way. Pediatric gastroenterologists warn that it is too early to transfer children to a common diet.

Pediatrician's advice on feeding a child at 9–12 months - video

Children develop every day. A one-year-old child is very inquisitive, strives to learn as much new things as possible, and also repeats everything after adults. Experts keep repeating that you definitely need to work with your baby. A properly planned daily routine will allow you to allocate time to have time to walk with the baby, conduct developmental activities, eat food on time, and also leave time for rest. You should pay attention not only to mental development, but also not to forget about physical exercise. The child must develop comprehensively.

Hello, dear readers! Psychologist-defectologist Irina Ivanova is with you. Today I want to tell you about how to develop a child up to one year old month by month. Recently I had to attend a discussion that unfolded in a company of young modern women.

We were talking about what is now popular. All the mothers spoke with enthusiasm about the achievements of their children. Someone takes them to an early development studio, of which a lot has now opened. Some people use the method at home, and their children already know the letters by the age of three or four and are almost ready to read books on their own.

There were even adherents of the now half-forgotten, but no less valuable, system of raising the Nikitin family, very popular at the end of the last century. Well, now the only people who don’t use benefits are those who are not interested in anything at all. But... all this concerned children older than one and a half to two years. What about children who are less than a year old? Do they really only need healthy sleep and good nutrition?

One of the participants in the discussion, a girl who works as a psychologist at a developmental children's center, undertook to enlighten the audience on this matter. I want to introduce you to what she told us. Firstly, she gave us the authoritative opinions of many famous experts in the field of child psychology. It turns out that you should not place unreasonable expectations on artificial stimulation of development.

Each skill will come to the child only when the psyche, brain cells and the entire body rise to a certain level in its development in order to master it. This is a genetically inherent property in humans. After all, you won’t be able to do the splits right away if you’ve never done gymnastics? Even if two chickens are planted on one egg at once, the chicken will still hatch only on the 21st day.

Yes, it is necessary to prepare the basis for new skills and abilities. When the time comes, the grain will fall into the prepared soil, but it is unnecessary to force events too much. As for infants up to one year old, they can and should be developed, but in accordance with the baby’s capabilities.

What to do with an infant

There are no words, it is very important that “the butt is dry” and “the tummy works like a clock,” but we must also remember that every day of a baby’s life is invaluable for its development. Here are some recommendations on how to develop your baby month by month, what to play and do with him.

First month

There is no need to care for your child in complete silence. Talk to him in a calm, gentle voice, and by the end of the month he will begin to linger his gaze on your face, and you will wait for the first precious smile - an invitation to further communication. Hang a bright rattle above the crib at a distance of 60 cm and let him try to focus his gaze on it. For the first time this is enough.

Second month

Take the baby in your arms more often, and he himself prefers this position. This is how the genetically inherent desire for knowledge in a person is realized. Moreover, when you are holding the baby, do not even think about arguing with someone at this time or getting angry. Only kind facial expressions, only a calm and even tone of conversation. At this stage of development, the main thing is to satisfy the orientation reflex.

Third month

Place the baby on his tummy with a bright object in front of him. Talk to him, respond to his hum: a-a-a, goo-goo, boo-boo. Sing songs, turn on melodic music, and don’t leave him crying in the crib for a long time to “train” you to occupy yourself independently. These are prerequisites for future neurosis.

Fourth month

Decorate as colorfully as possible the interior in which the baby spends the most time - bright colors of fabrics, a carousel with melodious music, or moving modules will create the right mood and prepare them for mastering shapes and shades of color. Place rattles in its handle, hang them at hand level, and change the baby’s position more often: in the crib, in the playpen, or in your arms.

Fifth month

This is the month of showing interest in toys. From now on, the child can take them, grab them, and pull them towards him. Now teach him how to handle them: knock, move them from hand to hand, and examine them carefully. Show him moving toys - jumping, spinning. Developing attention is the basis for future successful learning. Do not forget to respond to the humming, which by the fifth month becomes active and very melodic. This way you help develop speech, the foundations of which are being laid right now.

Sixth month

The child strives to start crawling, and now we need to create conditions for this. It is better if it is a special playpen, but a part of the carpet covered with a thick blanket will also work. Place toys in front of the baby lying on his tummy. He will reach for them and try to crawl, perhaps on his tummy or on all fours.

The main educational games this month are all kinds of boxes and modules into which you can put objects in and take them out. It is advisable that they be equipped with lids that the baby really likes to open and close.

Seventh month

This is a period of intensive development of speech understanding. Talk to your baby, show objects of the surrounding world, toys, name them. This is how a passive vocabulary develops and the prerequisites for it to begin to speak. The best toys at the moment are a box or box with cubes and balls, small toys. Let the child take them out and put them back.

Playing with water while swimming, with objects floating in it, is very useful. From this age, the concepts of “possible” and “impossible” must be wisely introduced into everyday life. We should not forget that indulgence in whims is the basis for the development of hysteria, and excessive severity is the prerequisite for raising either a rebel or a person who is indecisive in the future.

Eighth month

Don’t put out a lot of toys at once; it’s better to hide them periodically and take them out one by one. In order for thinking to develop, you need to play out small scenes with them that are understandable to the baby. Let the dolls walk, eat, sleep, feed cats and dogs. Accompany these performances with understandable comments and onomatopoeia. They will bring much more benefits to the development of children's intelligence and speech than the best educational cartoons.

Ninth month

Play hide and seek where you hide yourself, your baby or a toy under a scarf or diaper. Children at this age develop modulated babbling. Select syllables from it that are similar to words native language, repeat them expressively several times. This way you create the preconditions for your baby to say them.

Play music to listen to, be it light melodies or children's songs. Children will dance to them while standing on the floor or in the playpen. Play with toys together, show their capabilities, name the color and shape of objects, ask for a certain thing. The baby’s tenacious memory will retain this knowledge, and soon he himself will operate with these concepts.

From 10 months to a year

During this period, you need to tirelessly talk with your child. Say whatever you want, you just can’t remain silent. Accompany your actions with comments, talk about what is happening in the house, what you see on a walk, outside the window.

All kinds of pyramids, inserts, games where you need to put something somewhere (such as the “mailbox” game), rings that fit on pins, nesting dolls, large plastic puzzles - this is the minimum set of educational games and toys. Give your child a sheet of thick paper and a soft pencil. He is already able to leave a mark on a sheet of paper, to draw a line. Read books, play finger games, sing him songs and tell him nursery rhymes.

At the birth of their first baby, parents often wonder: what should children be able to do at the age of 1? Mom and dad learn something new in raising a son or daughter, and also take part in the formation of a little personality, so the first year of a baby’s life is very important for the family.

When does a child turn one year old?, he becomes an independent and understanding person. He strives to learn a lot of new things, is interested in everything, and during this period it is very important to know what his development should be like.

The first year is a time when a child may lag behind in development, so this period is the right time to change the situation and begin to develop the baby.

Child development 1 year

At one year of age can be determined psychological development child: his rapid exploration of everything that is around, as well as the first psychological crises that almost every baby has.

A year old baby begins to understand that he is separated from his mother, and thanks to this, the discovery of his own “I” begins within himself; Besides this, he is psychologically aware of almost everything, despite the fact that he is not physically developed enough.

New activities do not always bring great joy to the child and lead to psychological disruptions (irritation, whims, hysterics, etc.). Child psychologists believe this is a normal reaction one year old child, he just needs to be calmed down kind words showing parental love and care.

In the first year of a child's life about twelve teeth appear(four incisors each below and above and four molars). However, do not worry if your baby does not have so many teeth; they may appear three months later.

Many parents often worry if their baby has flat heels. At this age, it cannot be said that it is flat feet. This shape of the foot is explained by the fact that a so-called fat pad has formed under the skin, which will disappear as soon as the child begins to walk constantly.

Child's height

In the first year of a child’s life, the baby’s weight and height increases unevenly (by 1-1.2 cm and 100-300 g per month). The proportions of the body change gradually: the legs and arms lengthen, the tummy becomes flatter. It is considered normal that one baby weighs a lot and the other weighs less; it is more important that the child’s development be stable.

Height and weight standards for a one-year-old child:

boy - from 8.9 kg to 11.6 kg;
girl - from 8.5 kg to 10.8 kg;
the height of both sexes is from 71.4 cm to 79.7 cm.

Child motor development

Baby one year old feels free in the house or on the street: he can easily climb stairs; splashes and bathes in a baby bath, swims, puts his head under the water; dancing; imitates adults in some movements. A child’s favorite pose is considered to be bending down with the head resting on the floor, when he looks at others and expects a reaction from them.

Baby's speech

When a baby turns 1 year old, we can say that he already knows how to talk. His speech is, as a rule, ten of the simplest words (“give”, “na”, “ma”, “mother”, etc.), sometimes not entirely clear and accompanied by emotions. If a child cannot express in words what he needs, he points to some object or cries; able to communicate with himself (for example, in a game).

At 1 year old, a child is able to distinguish between “possible” and “impossible”; he understands well when he is scolded and praised. He understands all the words that he hears from others on an intuitive level; can imitate sounds and speak words with intonation.

Baby's sleep at 1 year

Sleep duration plays a huge role in the development of the baby. It is important to adhere to a daily sleep schedule, otherwise the child will have difficulty falling asleep and waking up at night. A child should sleep per year: at night for at least 8 hours, during the day - twice for 1.5 hours or once for 3 - 3.5 hours.

Everyday skills

The baby gradually adapts to everyday life and has the following skills by the age of one year:

Communication with others

Children as young as one year of age are reluctant to contact unfamiliar people, because they are not fully ready to accept the unknown of society. They may cry or not play with other children. Per year The baby begins to develop a sense of ownership, he knows his territory and can only communicate with close people, does not want to share his toys and gets anxious if he loses the attention of his parents.

Cognitive development

Monitor how the child learns about the world around him and is interested in unfamiliar objects and phenomena, possible with a few toys. At one year old, the baby thinks well and can show his intelligence in assembling pyramids both independently and by repeating after adults.

If your baby is shown various actions with objects or toys, he will remember and begin to repeat. For example, he can place one cube on top of another, close and open the lids, comb the doll’s hair, or put her to sleep.

Whims and stubbornness

The development of the psycho-emotional level can be completely different. This is especially noticeable in relations with different people. The following trend can be observed: the less the baby knows a person, the better his behavior. With his mother, who spends a lot of time with him, he can be capricious, stamp his feet, etc. – psychologists explain this behavior with a desire to check whether his mother loves him and that’s how it is.

As soon as he realizes that he is accepted as capricious, he quickly calms down and behaves normally, but if he sees that his parents are pushing away his whims, he can behave in a similar way for the rest of his life.

At one year the child begins expresses independence and can be assertive, if he fails to get what he wants, he is capable of throwing a tantrum. In this case, it is necessary to help him cope with negative emotions and under no circumstances escalate the situation.

First year crisis

The first year of raising a child is very responsible and requires special attention which is necessary for the development of the child’s psyche.

If a child stubbornly knocks on the table or rolls on the floor in hysterics, you need to restrain your own emotions and try to understand his feelings, and calmly explain to him how to behave correctly. It is important to let him be independent as often as possible; let him choose a toy in the store or clothes he wants to wear for a walk; it is important for him to feel that his opinion is not the last.

Signs of the crisis of the first year:

What should a year old child know?

In most cases, what a baby can do in one year of his life depends not only on his abilities, but also on the efforts of his parents. The baby doesn’t know much and the only helpers in this are mom and dad.

A well-developed child at one year begins to think ahead about what needs to be done to get what he needs. Mostly this is the desire to get some object, which lies high. The baby will try to move the chair, climb on it, etc. It is important to assist him in this, for example, by placing a bench so that he can get the TV remote control from the table and try to turn it on.

It is necessary to monitor the development of the baby's vision. At one year of age, a child should try to distinguish colors. To do this, specialists use the method of color stimulation (colorful pictures, toys or clothes different colors). Interest in such a game appears and the child begins to learn colors on a subconscious level. You can also use toys of different sizes, such as “matryoshka dolls” or boxes; The child will focus on this too.

An important component in the development of a one-year-old baby is a craving for art. A child should be able to draw the most simple images, so it’s worth spending a few minutes drawing with colored pencils.

There are several ways, with the help of which parents can teach their baby new actions and speed up his development if necessary.

Take colorful ribbons and tie them to two of your baby's favorite toys. Place the toys at a short distance from the child so that he can reach them by pulling the long ribbon. Ask your baby to give you one toy first, then another.

To instill the desire to walk, give him the opportunity to walk on different surfaces (for example, on a carpet or on grass).

When teaching independence, do not take out all the products you brought from the store from the bag. Ask your child to help you, let the child put the remaining purchases in the refrigerator himself. Tell him about cold objects, let him touch them.

To teach your baby to pour liquid on his own, give him a tablespoon, a bowl and a cup. Show him how to place the spoon in the bowl and transfer the water to the cup. To increase your child’s interest in this activity, you can put 5-6 berries in a bowl of water. Several of these lessons will help you gain the skill of feeding yourself.

To instill an interest in creativity or drawing, the following entertaining activity is offered: spread a thin layer of flour on a smooth surface, move your finger over the flour, showing the baby that you can make circles, sticks and squares.

To develop a child's speech, you can talk to him while playing. For example, lay out paired items (socks, mittens, shoes) on the floor and teach him to say the word “two.” Fold them and lay them out, put them on the arms and legs and say “two”; You can invite your child to help you, he will become interested in the game and begin to imitate. The method of surprise is also good for the development of speech: the sudden appearance of a new toy and its name (for example: “Here comes the elephant!”) will enrich the baby’s experience and when he sees a similar object, he will try to repeat what was said to him earlier.

Waving “bye” or shaking hands when meeting can be taught using gestures. In the same way, you can teach your baby to show how old he is.

Many parents are not ready and do not know how to behave correctly with a child and a capricious child who cries every now and then and doesn’t understand anything. Despite the fact that the child is 1 year old, he has character is already beginning to form, therefore, it is important to know the basic rules that will help young parents instill good qualities in the first years of their baby’s life and thereby influence his normal development:

So, there is a happy event in your family - a child was born. From now on, he has a long way to go from a tiny lump to an almost conscious one-year-old baby. No matter how fast he develops, he will learn a lot in the first 12 months and will never learn everything at that speed again. (the baby learns to observe others, smile, coo, roll over, sit on his butt, walk, play and much, much more...). It is not always clear to young mothers whether the baby has problems in development or, on the contrary, it is advancing ahead of schedule. Purpose of the article– tell what changes happen to your child in each of the 12 months of his first year, what the baby learns in the first year of his life and how he perceives the world around him.

ATTENTION! NOT TO WRITE ABOUT CHILDREN PRODIGIES IN THE COMMENTS! Each baby, just like an adult, is individual and each child develops individually, but something common in the development of newborn children occurs in the same way.

Monthly development calendar

First month

A difficult month for young mothers. The first month of a newborn’s life is usually called the adaptation period. He sleeps almost 20 hours a day. Sleep is very important for a baby. In a dream he grows ( On average, in the first month a child grows 2-3 cm.), and the body gets used to the new environment. During wakefulness, he randomly waves his arms clenched into fists and legs bent at the knees. Towards the end of the first month, the child is already able to hold his head for a short time, focus his gaze on bright toys, the faces of adults, make vowel sounds and listen to the conversation of others.

Pediatricians consider it important to put a baby to the breast in the first minutes of a child’s life. They believe that at this time “emotional contact” is created between the baby and mother. Also, first milk (colostrum) is very beneficial for a newborn baby. Read why -

Nutrition is very important during this period of a child’s life. On average, in the first month a child gains about 600 - 700 grams of weight. Under no circumstances should you rush your baby during feeding. When the baby is at the breast, he also enjoys the warmth and care of his mother at this moment.

At birth, a child has innate reflexes, thanks to which he adapts to the environment. But during the first months of life, some reflexes disappear. These reflexes include:

Sucking;
Swimming (if you put the baby on his stomach on the water, he will make swimming movements);
Grasping (touching his hand, he squeezes it into a fist);
Search (search for mother's breast);
Walking reflex (if you hold a child, he begins to move his legs as if he were walking) and many others.

The following reflexes remain with the child throughout his life: blinking, sneezing, yawning, flinching, etc.

It is by reflexes that pediatricians and child psychologists determine the condition and development of the child’s nervous system.

And in the first month of a child’s life, mothers need to surround him not only with warmth, care, and safety, but also to accustom him to a day-night routine by the end of the first month.

In the first two weeks, do not forget to treat your baby’s umbilical wound: see how to properly

Weight gain is approximately 600-700 grams, height gain is 2-3 cm.
Eats every 2 hours, at night on average 3-5 times.
Sleeps a lot, stays awake 2-4 hours a day.
Actions are still reflexive.
The movements are chaotic, the fists are clenched.
When a child lies on his stomach, he tries to raise his head.
The main way of communicating with the world is crying. This is how the child makes it clear that he is hungry, that he has a wet diaper, that something hurts, or that he just wants attention. The child may whine or grunt, which is how he also tells his mother about discomfort.
Able to fix his gaze on stationary objects for some time - his mother’s face or a hanging toy.
Reacts to loud and sharp sounds - bells, toys, bells. He may listen, shudder and even cry.
Recognizes mother's voice and smell and reacts to them.
If you communicate with the child all the time, then by the end of 1 month his own “speech” will begin to appear - humming, or cooing.

Second month

The second month of a child’s development can be called a period of “revival.” During this period, he not only looks at your face, but can also discern your emotional state. Are you smiling at him or, on the contrary, are you angry, calm or sad? And when you approach his crib, the baby begins to wave his arms and legs chaotically. In the second month of life, the child holds his head more confidently. Towards the end of the second month, the child should gain 800 grams in weight, and his height should increase by another 3 cm.

He grew by 3 cm, the weight gain ranged from 700 g to 1 kg.
Becomes more active - stays awake for an average of 15-20 minutes per hour. May confuse day with night and want to play and communicate when parents are sleeping.
Able to lift and hold the head for a short time.
He spreads his arms to the sides, turns over from his side to his back.
He actively hums, as if singing the sounds “a”, “o”, “u”, combinations of “aha”, “agu”, “bu”.
Demonstrates a “revitalization complex.” It manifests itself in a wide smile, stretching out arms and legs to mother and actively moving them, humming.
Soothes during sucking and in hands.
He can follow an object with his gaze, carefully monitor approaching or receding objects, and turn his head towards the source of sound.
Coordination of movements improves. The child can throw his hands to the sides, he has already found them and explores them with pleasure - looking at them, sucking his fingers.
The hands are clenched into fists, but you can straighten the baby’s palms and put a rattle there, he will try to hold it.
The first attempts to reach the object appear.
Vision improves, the child begins to distinguish colors, and the first understanding appears that the world is full of colors.
The newborn's reflexes fade.

Third month

By the third month, the baby holds his head more confidently. Can rest on his forearms if placed on his tummy. It is important to turn him over on his tummy more often during this period, this will help the baby get rid of the gases that have formed in the stomach and help strengthen the muscles of the neck and back. Also, do not let your baby lie on his side for a long time, this can lead to curvature of the spine.

During this period, the child looks more intently at bright toys. Can talk to himself, make not only single vowel sounds, but also consonants. Becomes more curious about the things and events around him. He himself sticks the pacifier out of his mouth, and then tries to put it back.

By the end of the third month, the child should gain about 800 grams in weight and 3 cm in height. The period between sleep can be 1-1.5 hours. Be sure to surround him with care and warmth. Talk to your baby more often, hug, kiss, pick him up and walk around the room with him.

Height – increase 3-3.5 cm. Weight – increase 750 g.
Night sleep lengthens, daytime sleep shortens.
Lying on his stomach, the child holds his head for 20-25 seconds, in an upright position for up to 15 seconds, and easily turns it in different directions.
He turns to one side from his back and tries to lean on his elbows when lying on his stomach.
Smiles, recognizes loved ones, hums, “sings” during communication.
Becomes more emotional, knows how to laugh out loud, and parodies the facial expressions of his parents.
Knows how to scream and cry to express dissatisfaction and demand attention. Observant parents may even notice the first manifestations of their baby's character.
Easily recognizes light and sound sources.
If the mother holds the child above a hard surface, he pushes off from the support and, as it were, “bounces” and kicks his legs.
The palms are already straightened, the baby pulls his hands towards the offered toy and tries to grab it, tries to hit the rattle located above him. He will definitely put a toy in his hands and put it in his mouth.
The baby has already found his legs and is trying to explore his face with his hands.
Movements generally become voluntary.

Fourth month

By the fourth month, the baby can confidently hold his head up. Reacts and turns around to sound. Lying on his tummy, he can lean on his arms and straighten them. Can independently reach for a toy, grab it, examine it closely, and taste it. Identify your mother from other people.

Height + 2.5 cm, weight + 700 g.
Rolls over from back to stomach, holds his head well and turns it to the sides, confidently supports his body on his elbows when lying on his stomach.
Makes the first attempts to sit up, raises the upper body.
Crawling on his stomach in a crib or on a rug.
Voluntarily grabs and holds a toy with one or two hands, tastes it.
The child gets his favorite toys.
Makes the first conscious manipulations with objects: knocking, throwing.
Supports breast or bottle when feeding.
The humming gradually begins to be replaced by babbling, the first syllables appear - “ma”, “ba”, “pa”.
Fixes gaze and closely follows moving objects.
He looks at his reflection in the mirror.
When communicating, the child gives preference to his mother and is capricious, even if she has left only for a short time.
Distinguishes between friends and strangers, actively smiles, laughs, and can even squeal with delight.
Reacts to music - calms down when he hears it and listens carefully.
Reacts when his name is spoken.

Fifth month

This is a new leap in the development of your child. During this period, he can already roll over on his own. Some people at this age try to sit on their butts. Crawling on the floor or crib on your tummy. They are trying to get to their feet. It is very important to hold the baby by the armpits and teach him to walk. In order to train the leg muscles and relieve him in the future from flat feet and “bouncing” while walking. The child can already clearly identify people close to him from strangers. He makes sounds more confidently, although not yet consciously. Teach him to pronounce the simplest words, such as dad, mom, grandpa, grandma. On average, in the fifth month your child will gain about 2.5 cm in height and about 700 grams in weight.

Height +2.5, weight + 700 g.
He knows how to roll over from his back to his stomach and back, rests on his palms, confidently holds his head in an upright position, and looks around.
Can sit with support for some time.
An important sign of normal development of the nervous system is the ability to distinguish between friends and strangers. A child may be wary when a stranger appears, will be reluctant to go into his arms, may get scared and cry loudly. He prefers to be in his parents' arms.
He himself encourages parents to communicate, reaches out to his mother, smiles, babbles, pronounces the first syllables. If there is not enough communication, the child becomes capricious.
Willingly plays with objects - pulls them towards him, throws them, knocks, licks them.
Plays while eating.
Some children suck their toes.
He looks at the faces in the pictures with interest.
Most children are starting to teethe.

Sixth month

At this age, the child can already distinguish his name from another name. Can sit on his butt without help. Confidently holds toys in his hands, transfers them from one hand to another. Lying on his tummy, he can pull up his legs and try to get on all fours. Learns to pronounce individual syllables: pa-pa, ma-ma.

Many people at this age begin to feed their baby complementary foods. Just try not to give him salty and sweet foods, because... the kidneys and intestines are not yet developed enough for this. Consult your doctor about what foods you can give your baby at this age.

Height +2.5 cm, weight +700 g.
Sits independently and sits for a while.
He crawls “on his bellies” and is able to crawl to a toy lying 10-20 cm from him.
Gets on all fours and rocks back and forth. This important indicator- this is how the child prepares for full crawling.
Tilts and turns in different directions.
Drinks from a mug if you hold it, plays with food.
Picks up fallen objects, moves a toy from hand to hand or from one box to another.
He studies with interest and can break objects.
Simple cause-and-effect relationships are formed: pushed an object - it fell, pressed a button - the music turned on.
He looks at the large object that his mother is talking about.
The child is very emotional, his mood constantly changes, he screams when he is dissatisfied and laughs loudly when they play with him.
Enjoys playing peek-a-boo and can clap his hands.
Listens attentively to human speech and reproduces sounds and syllables, actively babbles. The consonants “z”, “s”, “v”, “f” appear.

Seventh month

By the seventh month, the child already becomes restless. He can easily roll on his own from his back to his tummy or to his side. He distinguishes objects and if you ask him, for example, to say where the watch is, he will turn his head a little to the sides and show it. With the help of support he can walk and crawl independently, mainly backwards. He hits toys against each other, throws them and watches with concentration as they fall to the floor or hit the wall, often smiling at the same time.

Children at this age love to swim, as they already sit confidently and can play with toys.

In terms of diet, it will be useful to give a child at this age some cottage cheese and meat to replenish the supply of calcium in the body, for its further growth and to speed up the process of teething. Potassium, for normal heart function and protein, for muscle growth.

At this age, try to keep the floor, toys, and objects that the child can grab clean. Because at this age he will taste them, i.e. Everything he comes across will be shoved into his mouth.

By the end of the seventh month, the child should gain an average of about 550-600 grams in weight and 2 cm in height.

Height +2 cm, weight + 600 g.
Sits confidently, holds his back straight, sometimes leans on his hand.
The skill of crawling appears or improves; some children crawl backwards.
Removes food from spoon, drinks from a mug with support.
He stands at the support himself and is able to stand for some time.
He loves to “walk” when his mother supports him under the arms or by the arms.
Grasping movements are improved, and fine motor skills hands The child is delighted with finger games- “Magpie-Crow”, “Ladushki”.
He enjoys studying the properties of surrounding objects: he knocks them, shakes them, throws them on the floor, disassembles them, breaks them, puts them in his mouth. Can hold a toy in each hand and bang them together.
Shows where his eyes, nose, mouth, ears are, examines himself with his hands and mouth.
Begins to copy the behavior of adults.
Actively babbles, sings the sounds “ta”, “da”, “ma”, “na”, “ba”, “pa”, onomatopoeia “av-av”, “kva-kva” and others appear.
He enjoys looking at pictures in books and flipping through the pages.
Determines by tone of voice what “no” means.

Eighth month

At this age, the main thing is not to leave one child alone at the top. Since he can already move independently and sit down. Looks at new toys with interest. Can identify mom and dad from strangers from photographs. Can understand the game “okay” or the well-known “peek-a-boo”. If you ask your baby to wave his hand after you, he will wave with pleasure. A little begins to understand what is being asked of him. Tries to eat on his own.

Height +2 cm, weight +600 g.
He is very attached to his mother, even a short separation is very painful, and is wary of strangers.
He sits, stands up, walks with side steps at the support.
Moves freely in familiar spaces.
Can carry out simple tasks - bring, show.
Actions with objects become correlative: the child covers the jars with lids, strings the rings of the pyramid.
The range of emotions expands, you can notice dissatisfaction, surprise, joy, delight, perseverance.
The first conscious words appear - “mom”, “dad”, “give”.
The vocabulary is actively growing, new babbling sounds and words are constantly appearing.
He loves to listen to music, dance to it, clap his hands and stomp his feet.

Ninth month

By grabbing onto a nearby chair, sofa or playpen, the child can get up and move independently, holding on to them. He falls, cries and gets back up. During this period, the child learns to walk independently. Likes to repeat words after adults, or rather syllables. Can already drink from a cup held by an adult.

Height +2 cm, weight +600 g.
Gets up from a sitting position, sits down from a lying position, stands and walks with support. Tries to climb onto the sofa, chair, armchair, and open drawers.
Unfolds while crawling.
Knows where to put toys and where mom put this or that item away. He wants to get everything that surrounds him.
He actively shows emotions towards his parents - he is dissatisfied and breaks out when his mother cleans his ears or cuts his nails, he gets scared if he has lost sight of his mother.
Tries to manipulate adults by screaming and crying.
He tries to eat himself with a spoon and shows his first independence in dressing.
Fine motor skills are improved - the child can pick up small objects and put his fingers into holes. He can crush a piece of plasticine and tear paper.
Remembers the names of objects and can show them.
Repeats the actions of adults and can carry out some instructions. Likes to do everything in public, repeats the action if asked.
Knows the meaning of the words “lie down”, “give”, “go”, “sit”.
Speech is actively developing. The child’s own “language” is formed, understandable only to close people.

Tenth month

At this age, the child imitates adults and animals with his movements. Can play with toys independently and confidently holds them in his hands. He can leaf through books with his fingers. With the help of adults, he can play with other children. He understands when he is told “no”.

Height +1 cm, weight +350 g.
Sits from a standing position, quickly crawls, can stand without support and tries to walk.
Loves to dance, stomp, clap.
Small finger movements become more perfect, the child holds two or three small objects in one hand.
Performs complex actions: opens and closes, hides, takes away.
Repeats movements and reproduces facial expressions of adults.
Uses mostly one hand.
He understands what needs to be done with objects - he rolls a car, pushes a tumbler, assembles a pyramid, builds towers from two or three cubes.
Likes to put objects into each other, drag them from place to place.
More interested in small objects than large ones.
Finds logical connections - for example, he can move a car with a stick or a slipper.
He can show parts of his face, his mother’s, or a doll’s.

Eleventh month

This is practically an “adult child”. Moves independently, sits, crawls, stands up. Understands simple requests. Learns to pronounce the first words.

Height +1 cm, weight +350 g.
Moves actively, sits, stands up, lies down, can walk a short distance without support.
Tries to show independence - eats with a spoon, drinks from a mug, puts on socks and shoes.
Very responsive to new toy, to an unfamiliar environment, strangers.
Understands strict speech. He knows what “impossible” is, understands from his mother’s reaction whether he did good or bad.
Loves praise.
He babbles a lot and communicates in his own “language”, clearly says the words “mom”, “dad”, “baba”.
Uses different means of expressing his desires, except for crying - he points his finger, moves his gaze.
Waves goodbye.
Nods affirmatively or shakes his head negatively.
Loves musical toys and bright illustrations in books.
Grabs beads or beans with index finger and thumb.

Twelfth month

At almost one year of age, in most cases, the child already begins to walk independently without support and stand. They actively participate in the process of feeding, bathing and dressing. Shows a sense of care for toys. Feeds them and puts them to bed. Repeats sounds he hears on the street, on TV or at home. Begins to pronounce the first words. True, these words are not always clear to everyone. But those who listen carefully to the child will understand them.

Height +1 cm, weight +350 g.
Stands, gets up from a squatting position, walks independently.
Steps over obstacles and crouches to pick up an object from the floor.
Actively participates in everything that concerns him - dressing, washing hands, brushing teeth.
Uses a spoon, drinks from a mug, and knows how to chew solid food.
Food addictions are clearly manifested - the baby does not eat if he does not like the food.
Needs parents and is attached to his toys. The absence of mom or dad is painful.
Assembles and disassembles toys; if you need to free your hand, you put the object under your arm or in your mouth.
Knows how to use objects - a telephone, a hammer, a broom.
Looks for an object, even if he did not see where it was placed.
He understands everything that is said to him.
He talks about his desires - “give”, “na”, calls mom, dad, grandma.

All the above indicators are conditional. The development of a child depends on many factors - heredity, living conditions, and social environment. Get joy from communicating with your baby, praise him for his successes and don’t be upset if he hasn’t learned something yet. Everything has its time. Your child is the best, and it is in your power to help him become a harmonious, developed little person.

Summarized:

The development of a child in one year is very rapid. In just 365 days, a child turns from a tiny person who can’t do anything and doesn’t know anything into a reasonable one. At 1 year old, he can already walk, sit down, stand up, eat, drink, play, speak, feel and understand on his own. The main thing is to protect the child with care and love at this time. Never swear in front of your child. Even though he is small, he still feels and understands everything. Raise your children healthy, smart and strong!

Height and weight gain chart

Age	Average increase in height	Average weight gain
Month 1	3 – 3.5 cm.	750 g
Month 2	3 – 3.5 cm.	750 g
Month 3	3 – 3.5 cm.	750 g
Month 4	2.5 cm.	700 g
Month 5	2.5 cm.	700 g
Month 6	2.5 cm.	700 g
Month 7	1.5 – 2 cm	550 g
Month 8	1.5 – 2 cm	550 g
Month 9	1.5 – 2 cm	550 g
Month 10	1 cm.	350 g.
Month 11	1 cm.	350 g.
Month 12	1 cm.	350 g.

Film: Child development by month: calendar of physical and mental development of a baby up to one year

You can immediately go to the desired month and study detailed articles: