Olesya Chernyshova
Target: Creating conditions for development in children fine motor skills through unconventional drawing methods
Tasks:
1. Expand understanding of diversity unconventional drawing techniques.
2. Form an aesthetic attitude towards the surrounding reality based on familiarization with unconventional drawing techniques.
3. Form aesthetic taste, creativity, imagination.
4. Develop associative thinking and curiosity, observation and imagination.
5. Improve technical and drawing skills.
6. Cultivate artistic taste and a sense of harmony.
Relevance of the topic:
Children get acquainted with different types unconventional ways of drawing, variety of materials used in drawing, learn to create their masterpieces. Thus, creative personality develops able to apply their knowledge and skills in various situations.
Inclusion in work with children unconventional drawing methods and creative design allows develop sensory sphere not only through studying the properties of depicted objects and performing appropriate actions, but also through working with various painting materials. In addition, the child’s cognitive interests are stimulated.
There are many unconventional drawing technique, their unusualness lies in the fact that they allow children to quickly achieve the desired result. For example, what kind of child would not be interested finger painting, make a drawing with your own palm, put blots on paper and get a funny drawing. The child loves to quickly achieve results in his work.
Nitcography
Rolling up a napkin
Finger painting
Drawing with a fork
Drawing hard semi-dry brush
Blotography
Drawing with plasticine
Drawing wax candle and watercolors
There is a lot more painting technician, my kids are 3-4 years old, so we settled on these for now.
Publications on the topic:
Development of fine motor skills of hands using non-traditional drawing techniques in preschoolers“A child’s mind is at his fingertips. The more skill in a child's hand, the smarter the child. It is the hands that teach the child precision.
Individual plan for 5 years (2011-2015) Karimullina Milyausha Gilumkhanovna teacher of the Vysokogorsk kindergarten "Belekach" Vysokogorsk.
Passport of the project “Development of speech of children of primary preschool age through the formation of fine motor skills of the hands.” Author of the project: higher education teacher.
In our modern times There are many tools for developing fine motor skills, including drawing, shading, and mosaics. But I want to stop.
Exercises with natural materials in correctional work with preschoolers. A child's readiness for school depends greatly.
Goal: - To develop the ability to implement acquired knowledge about means of expression in one’s own creativity; - Develop the ability to perform.
Consultation « Development of fine motor skills through unconventional techniques drawing».
Relevance.
At all stages of a child's life, hand movements play a vital role.
Degree development of fine motor skills the child determines the most important for his future quality: speech abilities, attention, spatial coordination, concentration and imagination. The brain centers responsible for these abilities are directly connected to the fingers and their nerve endings. Therefore, exercises and activities that involve a child’s little fingers are extremely important for his mental and psychological health. development. Fine motor skills, sensory, coordination of movements are key concepts for the early preschool period.
Fine motor skills- this is a motor activity that is caused by coordinated work small muscles of the hand and eye. Scientists have proven that the more skill a child’s hand has, the more varied the hand movements, the more perfect the functions. nervous systems s. This means that development hands is in close relationship with development speech and thinking of a preschooler.
Start off development of fine motor skills necessary from early childhood.
For example, through various finger games where you need to perform certain movements in a certain sequence; games with small objects, which are inconvenient to handle; games where you need to take something or pull it out, squeeze it - unclench it, pour it out - pour it in, pour it in - pour it out, push it into holes, etc.; fastening and unfastening zippers, buttons, dressing and undressing, etc. Fine hand motor skills are developed also physical exercises (these are various hangings and climbing at a sports complex, on a ladder, etc.). Such exercises strengthen the baby’s palms and fingers, develop muscles.
One of effective forms development of fine motor skills hands is a visual activity.
Drawing plays a special role. Children draw with tools that are similar in shape, way of holding and action to the pen they use to write at school. From the children's drawings you can see how fine motor skills develop, what level it reaches at each age stage. Of course, mastering drawing, modeling, appliqué, the child will not learn to write. But all these types productive activity make the baby’s hand skillful, easily and freely operating the tool, develop visual control of hand movements. Helps form the hand-eye connection. All this will be a good helper for him at school.
Problem development of fine motor skills at an early age is very relevant, since it is precisely this that contributes to sensorimotor development- consistency in the work of the eye and hand, improvement of coordination of movements, flexibility, accuracy in performing actions, correction fine motor skills of fingers.
The visual activity of a child in preschool age is one of the natural, specifically children's activities. In the process of managing it, the opportunity to solve a wide range of problems of an educational nature opens up.
Question development of fine motor skills children is relevant at all age stages of preschool childhood. This is repeatedly emphasized by teachers, psychologists and other specialists in the field of preschool education.
In progress drawing Children learn to reason and draw conclusions. Their vocabulary is enriched.
By working with visual material, finding successful color combinations, recognizing objects in a drawing, children receive satisfaction, they have positive emotions, and the work of their imagination is enhanced.
Thanks to drawing activities develops hand-eye coordination occurs development of hand functions, improving fine motor skills hands and fingers.
Inclusion in work with children non-traditional methods of drawing and creative design allows you to develop sensory sphere not only through researching the properties of depicted objects and performing appropriate actions, but also through working with various painting materials. In addition, the child’s cognitive interests are stimulated (using objects that surround the child every day from a new perspective - you can paint with your own palm, fingers, use a spikelet or birch leaf instead of brushes).
Happening development visually - figuratively and verbally - logical thinking, activation of children’s speech activity (what else can I do paint that I can draw with this material). Due to the use of a variety of imaging materials, new techniques, requiring precision movements, but not limiting the child’s fingers to a fixed position (as when holding a pencil correctly, conditions are created to overcome general inconvenience, development of fine motor skills.
After all, instead of a traditional brush and pencil, the child uses his own palms, various prints, stencils, technology"blotography", "monotype", etc.
Unconventional drawing- the art of depicting, not based on tradition. Drawing in unconventional ways , a fun, mesmerizing activity that surprises and delights children.
Unusual materials and original technology attract children because the word “No” is not present here, you can paint, whatever you want and how you want, and you can even come up with your own unusual technique. Children feel unforgettable, positive emotions, and by emotions one can judge the child’s mood, what makes him happy, what makes him sad.
Exactly unconventional drawing techniques create an atmosphere of ease, openness, promote initiative development, independence, create an emotionally favorable attitude towards activities in children. Result visual arts cannot be good or bad, each child’s work is individual and unique.
Work system according to use unconventional drawing techniques has the following structure.
"Tactile drawing» :
« Finger painting»
The child dips his finger into the gouache and puts dots and spots on the paper. Each finger is painted with a different color. After work, wipe your fingers with a napkin, then the gouache is easily washed off.
« Palm drawing» :
a child dips his palm into gouache (whole brush) or paints it with a brush and makes an imprint on paper. They draw with both the right and left hands, painted in different colors. After work, wipe your hands with napkins, then the gouache is easily washed off.
"Bitmap"
the child dips his finger in the gouache, places it perpendicular to a white sheet of paper and begins to draw.
“Use of additional means of expression”:
“Imprint with cork or eraser stamps”
Image acquisition method: the child presses the cork to the stamp pad with paint and makes an imprint on the paper. To obtain a different color, both the bowl and the stopper are changed.
"Stencil printing"
Image acquisition method: the child presses a signet or foam swab onto a stamp pad with paint and makes an impression on the paper using a stencil. To change the color, take another swab and stencil.
"Ordinary blotography"
Image acquisition method: The child scoops up gouache with a plastic spoon and pours it onto paper. The result is spots in a random order. Then the sheet is covered with another sheet and pressed (you can bend it in half, drip mascara on one half, and cover it with the other). Next, the top sheet is removed, the image is being considered: Determines what it looks like. Missing parts finishing drawings.
"Blotography with a tube"
Image acquisition method: the child scoops up paint with a plastic spoon, pours it onto the sheet, making a small spot (a drop). Then blow on the stain from a tube so that its end does not touch either the stain or the paper. If necessary, the procedure is repeated. Missing parts finishing drawings.
"Imprint with crumpled paper"
Image acquisition method: The child presses the crumpled paper onto an ink pad and makes an imprint on the paper. To get a different color, both the saucer and the crumpled paper are changed.
"Bitmap"
To implement it, you can take a felt-tip pen, a pencil, place it perpendicular to a white sheet of paper and start drawing. But the best thing to do is dot drawings with paints. A cotton swab is dipped into thick paint. And then the principle of drawing dots is the same.
"Spray"
Image acquisition method: The child puts paint on a brush and hits the brush on the cardboard that he holds above the paper. Then he paints the sheet with watercolors in one or more colors. Paint splashes onto the paper.
"Leaf Prints"
Image acquisition method: a child covers a tree leaf with paints different colors, then applies it with the colored side to the paper to make a print. Each time a new leaf is taken. The petioles of the leaves can be painted with a brush.
"Foam drawings"
We make various small geometric figures from foam rubber, and then attach them with thin wire to a stick or pencil (not sharpened). The tool is already ready. Now it can be dipped in paint and using the stamp method paint red triangles, yellow circles, green squares (all foam rubber, unlike cotton wool, washes well).
“Poke with a hard semi-dry brush”
Image acquisition method: the child dips a brush into the gouache and hits the paper with it, even vertically. When working, the brush does not fall into the water. Thus, the entire sheet, outline or template is filled. The result is an imitation of the texture of a fluffy or prickly surface.
« Drawing with crayons»
Preschoolers love variety. These opportunities are provided to us by ordinary crayons, sanguine, coal. Smooth asphalt, porcelain, ceramic tiles, stones - this is the base on which chalk and charcoal fit well. Thus, asphalt is conducive to a succinct depiction of subjects. And on ceramic tiles (which are sometimes leftovers stored somewhere in the pantry) we recommend depicting crayons or charcoal patterns, small objects. Big stones (type of voluns) they are asked to decorate them with the image of an animal’s head or a tree stump. It depends on what or who the stone resembles in shape.
« Painting small stones»
Of course, most often the child draws large stone tiles on a plane, on paper, or less often on asphalt. A flat image of a house, trees, cars, animals on paper is not as attractive as creating three-dimensional creations of your own. In this regard, sea pebbles are ideally used. They are smooth, small and have different shapes. The very shape of the pebble will sometimes tell the child which image is in in this case create (and sometimes adults will help the kids). One pebble is better draw on a frog, the other is for a bug, and the third will produce a wonderful fungus. Bright, thick paint is applied to the pebble - and the image is ready. It's better to finish it So: after the pebble dries, cover it clear varnish. In this case, a voluminous beetle or frog made by children’s hands shines and shimmers brightly. This toy will take part in independent children's games more than once, and will bring considerable benefit to its owner.
"Nitcography method"
First, a screen measuring 25x25 cm is made from cardboard. Either velvet paper or plain flannel is glued onto the cardboard. It would be nice to prepare a cute bag with a set of woolen or half-woolen threads of various colors for the screen. This method is based on the following peculiarity: threads that have a certain percentage of wool are attracted to flannel or velvet paper. You just need to attach them with light movements of your index finger. From such threads you can prepare interesting stories. Imagination develops, sense of taste. Girls especially learn to skillfully select colors. Some thread colors suit light flannel, and completely different ones suit dark flannel. Thus begins the gradual path to women’s craft, a very necessary handicraft for them.
« Drawing on wet paper»
But there are a number of objects, plots, images that are better draw on wet paper. Ambiguity and vagueness are needed, for example, if a child wants to depict the following topics: "City in the Fog", "I Dreamed", "It's Raining", " Night city", "Flowers behind the curtain", etc. You need to teach your preschooler to make the paper a little damp. If the paper is too wet, the drawing may not work out. Therefore, it is recommended to wet a ball of cotton wool in clean water, squeeze it out and rub it over the entire sheet of paper, or (if required) only for a separate part. And the paper is ready to produce unclear images.
"Learning to make a background"
Many children make the background with a brush, and an ordinary, small one. Although there is a simple and reliable way: make a background with cotton wool or a piece of foam rubber dipped in water and paint.
"The use of mixed technician» :
"Collage"
The concept itself explains the meaning of this method: several of the above are collected into it. In general, it ideally seems important to us following: It’s good when a preschooler is not only familiar with various image techniques, but also does not forget about them, but uses them appropriately, fulfilling a given goal. For example, one of the children decided draw summer, and for this he uses a dot pattern (flowers, and the child will draw the sun with his finger, he will cut out fruits and vegetables from postcards, he will depict the sky and clouds with fabrics, etc.
"Drawing with Postcards"
In fact, almost every home has a ton of old postcards. Go through old postcards with your children, teach them to cut out the necessary images and paste them into place, into the plot. A bright factory image of objects and phenomena will give even the simplest unpretentious drawing a completely artistic design. Is it possible that three, four- and even five-year-old child draw a dog and a beetle? No. But he will add sun and rain to the dog and the bug and will be very happy. Or if, together with the children, you cut out a fairy-tale house with a grandmother in the window from a postcard and paste it on, then the preschooler, relying on his imagination, knowledge of fairy tales and visual skills, will undoubtedly add something to it.
"Tissue Images"
We collect remnants of fabrics of various patterns and different qualities into a bag. As they say, both chintz and brocade will come in handy. Very important on specific examples show how the design on the fabric, as well as its dressing, can help to depict something in the plot very brightly and at the same time easily. Let's give a few examples. Thus, flowers are depicted on one of the fabrics. They are cut out along the contour, glued (only with paste or other good glue, and then paint on a table or vase. The result is a capacious colorful image. There are fabrics that can serve well as a house or the body of an animal, or a beautiful umbrella, or a hat for a doll, or a handbag.
« Drawing together on a long strip of paper"
In this case, a long strip will help draw together without interfering with each other. Can paint isolated objects or scenes, i.e. work side by side. And then it is advisable to move on to collective drawing. Adults and children agree on who will do what paint to make one story.
"Wax crayons or candle + watercolor»
Image acquisition method: child draws with wax crayons or a candle on paper. Then he paints the sheet with watercolors in one or more colors. The drawing remains unpainted.
Conclusion: use in activities finger games and exercises didactic games, non-traditional materials, technician and an individual differentiated approach contributes to development of fine motor skills of the hands.
Irina Aleksandrovna Gusarova
Project “Development of fine motor skills of preschool children’s hands through non-traditional drawing techniques”
At all stages of a child's life, hand movements play a vital role.
Degree development of fine motor skills the child determines the most important for his future quality: speech abilities, attention, spatial coordination, concentration and imagination. The brain centers responsible for these abilities are directly connected to the fingers and their nerve endings. Therefore, exercises and activities that involve small fingers preschooler, are extremely important for his mental and psychological development. Fine motor skills, sensory, coordination of movements - key concepts for the period preschool age.
Fine motor skills- this is a motor activity that is caused by coordinated work small muscles of the hand and eye. Scientists have proven that the greater the skill in a child’s hand, the more varied the hand movements, the more perfect the functions of the nervous system. This means that development hands is in close relationship with development of speech and thinking of a preschooler.
Start off development of fine motor skills necessary from early childhood.
For example, through various finger games where you need to perform certain movements in a certain sequence; games with small objects, which are inconvenient to hold in your hand; games where you need to take something or pull it out, squeeze it - unclench it, pour it out - pour it in, pour it in - pour it out, push it into holes, etc.; fastening and unfastening zippers, buttons, dressing and undressing, etc. Fine hand motor skills are developed also physical exercises (these are various hangings and climbing at a sports complex, on a ladder, etc.). Such exercises strengthen the baby’s palms and fingers, develop muscles.
One of the effective forms development of fine motor skills hands is a visual activity.
Drawing plays a special role. Children draw with tools that are similar in shape, way of holding and action to the pen they use to write at school. According to drawings children can be traced, How fine motor skills develop what level does she reach at each age stage. Of course, mastering drawing, modeling, appliqué, the child will not learn to write. But all these types of productive activities make the baby’s hand skillful, easily and freely controlling the tool, develop visual control of hand movements. Helps form the hand-eye connection. All this will be a good helper for him at school.
Publications on the topic:
Goal: Creating conditions for the development of fine motor skills in children through non-traditional drawing methods Objectives: 1. Expand the understanding of diversity.
Goal: - To develop the ability to implement acquired knowledge about means of expression in one’s own creativity; - Develop the ability to perform.
Consultation for educators “Development of fine motor skills in preschool children through drawing with semolina” Development of fine motor skills in preschool children through drawing with semolina “The origins of children’s abilities and talents at the tips.
Non-traditional drawing techniques and their role in the development of preschool children Visual activity is one of the most important means of understanding the world and aesthetic perception. Preschool age is a period...
Passport of the project “Development of speech of children of primary preschool age through the formation of fine motor skills of the hands.” Author of the project: higher education teacher.
Project “Non-traditional drawing techniques as a means of developing the creative abilities of preschool children” Author of the project: Elizaveta Raulevna Chusovitina. Project duration: from February to March 2016. Project type: short-term, group.
Project “Development of fine motor skills in children of senior preschool age” Duration: long-term (September – March). Project participants: older children, preparatory groups, visiting the speech center, educators,.
Content
Introduction
1. Equipping a subject-based development space for the development of fine motor skills in preschool children
2. Games and exercises to develop fine motor skills of the hands.
3. Little-known non-traditional methods for developing fine motor skills of the hands
Conclusion
Non-traditional methods for developing fine motor skills in preschool children.
Relevance.
At the initial stage of life, it is fine motor skills that reflect how the child develops and indicate his intellectual abilities. Children with poorly developed manual motor skills awkwardly hold a spoon or pencil, cannot fasten buttons, or lace up shoes. It can be difficult for them to collect scattered parts of the construction set, work with puzzles, counting sticks, and mosaics. They refuse modeling and appliqué, which other children love, and cannot keep up with the kids in class.
Thus, children’s opportunities to explore the world are impoverished. Children often feel incompetent in basic activities available to their peers. This affects the child’s emotional well-being and self-esteem. Over time, the level of development shapes school difficulties.
And, of course, in preschool age, work on developing fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements should become an important part of the development of children's speech, the formation of self-service skills and preparation for writing. His further development depends on how deftly a child learns to control his fingers. Along with the development of fine motor skills, memory, attention, and vocabulary develop.
1. Equipping a subject-based development space for the development of fine motor skills in preschool children
Our group is equipped with a space for a subject-development environment for the development of fine motor skills of the hands - these are:
An arts and crafts corner where children can sculpt and draw on their own, developing creativity, imagination, independence and fine motor skills.
Lacing toys
The simplest lacing is intended for children aged one to three years. IN game form the development of fine motor skills of the hands is carried out, and, consequently, the child’s gradual preparation for writing. Lacing makes it possible to come up with many games. This includes direct lacing and the ability to use lacing elements in role-playing games or study primary colors. Lacing games were created with the aim of developing fine motor skills, perseverance and eye. During the game, coordination of movements and flexibility of the hands are improved.
Cubes; various wooden pyramids; designer - develop fine motor skills, promote design, which develops finger dexterity and the ability to navigate in space; puzzles - by collecting colorful pictures, the baby develops not only fine motor skills, but also attentiveness, intelligence, logical thinking, coordination of the eyes and hands; cubes - sorters - the child learns to select figures according to shape and insert them into the corresponding holes. Thanks to such activities, the baby develops fine motor skills of the fingers, and also gets acquainted with various geometric shapes and different colors; mosaic - promotes the development of fine motor skills, intelligence and creativity child; beans and peas fine motor skills.
In educational activities to develop fine motor skills I use:
plasticine, with the help of plasticine the child not only expresses himself creatively, but also develops the flexibility and mobility of his fingers, which, in turn, helps improve speech;
Bean drawing. On a piece of cardboard, the child draws a simple image, for example, a man. After that, apply glue on the pencil lines and stick the beans. Working with small objects such as beans trains the muscles of the hand and fingers.
Mosaic - I prepare thin strips of colored paper in advance. The child tears them into small pieces with his hands and lays them out into a mosaic, having previously smeared them with glue. This exercise is especially suitable for children who do not yet know how to use scissors.
Colored semolina
Have your child draw a simple outline design on a piece of paper and cover it with glue. After this, grasping the cereal with your fingers, fill the drawing with it. Let the glue dry. At the end, you need to shake off the excess grain from the picture.
Modeling from clay and plasticine.
Drawing or coloring pictures
Making paper crafts. For example, cutting out geometric shapes yourself with scissors, making patterns, making appliqués. The child needs to be able to use scissors and glue.
Making crafts from natural material: cones, acorns, straw and other available materials. In addition to developing fine motor skills of the hands, these activities also develop the child’s imagination and fantasy.
Non-traditional painting techniques: brush, finger, toothbrush, candle, etc.
In our free time, in the evenings we play with the children at:
Seed sorting (requires sorting various types seeds using tweezers); transfusion of liquids and more (it’s better to start with “transfusion” of seeds, for example, peas. After that, you can learn to “transfer” sand, and only then water); fastening and unfastening buttons, buttons, hooks (good training for fingers, improves dexterity and develops fine motor skills of the hands); tying and untying ribbons, laces, knots on a rope (each such movement has a huge impact on the development of fine motor skills of the child’s hands); twisting and unwinding the lids of jars, bottles, etc. (also improves the development of fine motor skills and dexterity of the child’s fingers); My kids' favorite game is "Dry Pool". The child plunges his hand into the multi-colored containers of chocolate eggs and by touch looks for the toy that I hid there. A found toy brings great joy to a child. The use of such a manual is multifunctional, it is both a mosaic and objects - substitutes in the game.
For example, chocolate egg containers make good rattles in the Montessori style - pedagogy. To do this, you need to take an even number of identical kinder boxes, fill them in pairs with different bulk products of different sizes: semolina, rice, peas, beans, large nuts (hazelnuts) or chestnuts. The child's task is to find two containers with the same sound.
You need to start working on developing fine motor skills from the very beginning. early age. Take a bright tray. Sprinkle any small grains onto a tray in a thin, even layer. Run your baby's finger over the rump. You will get a bright contrasting line.
Finger games are an important part of developing manual skills; they are emotional, understandable, accessible and very captivating for children.
These games promote speech development, creative activity and health promotion.
I created a cumulative folder of finger games, trying to select exercises based on forward planning educational activities, seasonality and with a wide variety of finger movements. I'll see you off finger gymnastics not only in educational activities, but also in routine moments, while walking.
For example, the well-known game for children “The Magpie-Crow Cooked Porridge.” There is an example of massaging the palms of a child. It is the “Magpie-Crow” with its circular movements across the palm that affects digestion, and gentle pressure on the fingertips stimulates the development of speech. It is also interesting that much attention is paid to the little finger, and this is also not without reason. The little finger is supposed to be massaged more thoroughly than others, since it is believed that the points responsible for the heart, liver and kidneys are located on the little finger. Games with fingers and palms, which are accompanied by poetry, have a positive effect on the development of speech and rhythm in a child. It is important to play all games on both the right hand and the left.
For children, such games remain good fun. During the game, children easily learned movements and poems.
And, of course, the game “Rock, Paper, Scissors,” which came to us from China. Children from the age of four perfectly understand the rules of the game and play it with pleasure. It is worth noting that this game is the most favorite for many children.
Words: rock, scissors, paper. Tsu-e-fa.
At the last words, a palm is thrown out, which shows a certain sign. Stone dulls scissors, scissors cut paper, and paper dulls stone. Show your child how this happens so he doesn't get confused.
2. Games and exercises to develop fine motor skills of the hands.
I have created games and exercises for the development of fine motor skills, which are very popular in our group and children play them with great pleasure.
Game "Tactile bag"
I prepared identical lids, their number should be even. You can take lids from juice boxes or plastic bottles, drinking yogurt.
As tactile material I used sandpaper, carpet, fabric with different textures (corduroy, denim, tapestry, fur, knitted fabric, leather, mosquito net, etc. I cut out two circles of each material according to the size of the lids and placed the circles in the lids greased with glue. I sewed a beautiful bag from thick fabric.
Rules of the game: put several pairs of caps in a bag (you can start with two pairs, gradually increasing their number).
The child recognizes by touch what is glued in the lid and pulls out identically glued lids.
Exercise with a pipette
For this exercise you will need a pipette and small containers for pouring liquid. Suction of water with a pipette. Develops fine finger movements and improves overall hand motor skills.
Exercise with tweezers
Children place beads, peas, and buttons into the container with tweezers.
Sorting small items
Sorting by color, shape, size of small items, such as beads, buttons.
Pompoms and tongs
You need to fold the pompoms into a bottle using tongs.
Doll clothes on clothespins
Hanging doll clothes and scraps of fabric on a string using clothespins is also a great activity for developing fine motor skills. This type activity is popular not only among girls, but also among boys.
Box with clothespins
Clothespins can be attached not only to a string, but also to cardboard box. For these purposes I used a shoe box. To make this exercise more interesting and useful, I cut it out of cardboard geometric shapes and attach clothespins to them.
Hole punch exercise
You need to cut out some figure from cardboard, and then use a hole punch to make holes along the edge of this figure. Now you need to take a colored lace or ribbon and thread it through the holes.
Cocktail straws
Cut colorful plastic cocktail straws into small pieces. The exercise consists of stringing these pieces on a thread in a certain sequence.
Dear colleagues, I introduced you to the most well-known forms and methods of working on the development of fine motor skills in preschool children. But for my work, I have identified several more unconventional and little-known methods, which I will now tell you about.
3. Little-known non-traditional methods for developing fine motor skills of the hands
TO unconventional methods development of fine motor skills of the hands include: massage using a Su-jok ball, Kuznetsov applicator or Lyapko needle mats (Acupuncture, button therapy.
The non-traditional material provides ample opportunities for training the small muscles of the hand in various activities of a gaming nature.
Between continuous educational activities I spend dynamic breaks with the Su-Jok massager.
Massager “Su-Jok” is a unique tactile gymnastics that has a total impact on the cerebral cortex, which protects its individual zones from overwork, evenly distributing the load on the brain. Game self-massage with a massager is carried out in the form of 5-minute exercises between the main parts of the lesson (dynamic pauses).
Exercises to relax your fingers and hands:
“Let's pet the kitten” - smooth movements illustrating the corresponding action, performed first with one hand, then with the other. (3-5 times).
“Bunny” – i. p.: the hand rests on the elbow; The index and middle fingers are straightened and spread apart, the remaining fingers are clenched into a fist.
“Ring” – i. n. the same; The thumb and index fingers are connected into a ring, the remaining fingers are straightened and spread apart.
Sample exercises using the Su-Jok massager:
Rectilinear movements of a prickly ball:
– On the back and palmar side of the hand (first ask the child to imitate the sun, spreading the fingers of the massaging hand). The direction of movement is from the fingertips to the wrist joint.
Circular movements on the palm:
– First with one hand;
- Then the other hand.
Spiral movements:
– Along the back and palmar surfaces of the hand with the pads of two to five fingers (from the fingertips to the wrist joint).
Zigzag movements:
– On the palms of both hands (you can use a playful image when communicating with children: draw the child’s attention to the fact that the hand resembles a tree: the forearm is the trunk, and the hand with outstretched fingers is the crown).
Mild tingling of all fingers:
– Pads of one hand;
– Pad of the other hand
Acupuncture
The term "Acupuncture" literally means treatment using needles. I carry out acupuncture with children using the Kuznetsov applicator - a needle therapeutic and prophylactic massager, which is designed in the form of a prefabricated structure, the simplest element of which is a module, which is a plastic plate with a working needle surface.
Needle massage technique: in a playful way, I invite the child to put his hands on the applicator. Moreover, such a game should contain tasks in which the child touches the needle massager in different ways: sometimes with a full palm, sometimes with one finger, sometimes barely, sometimes with considerable effort.
You can also diversify this activity:
- offer to walk along the path;
-look for individual modules in a dry pool, sand, water containers,
-use as chips in board games, tokens in competitions;
- consolidate knowledge of color, counting, prepositional-case constructions, divide words, syllables and sounds, laying out diagrams on the table from massager modules, play checkers.
Button therapy.
Any teacher knows: in order to win the trust of a child, you must have something secret and inaccessible to him in the world. ordinary life. And such an item in our group became an ordinary button.
A wide variety of buttons allows us to use them for correctional and developmental games to familiarize and reinforce concepts such as color, shape, size. By practicing with buttons, the child develops coordination of movements, achieving precise execution; develops perseverance and arbitrariness of mental processes, develops auditory, visual and kinesthetic channels of perception, since the exercises are performed in the mode: heard, saw, do.
Button therapy is easy to use; manipulating buttons does not generate dust, does not cause allergies, does not get dirty, and cannot be cut or pricked. Buttons are easy to wash, they are processed like all plastic toys in a children's institution, and you won't have to look for or ask for help for washing buttons.
Let me give you a few examples of games with buttons.
Raising buttons.
With two fingers different hands transfer the buttons from the box to the table, while all pairs of fingers of the same name on both hands should participate in the process (in turn).
Complication: combine in pairs different fingers both hands, for example a pair - the index finger of the right hand and the little finger of the left hand. Game against time: who will collect the most buttons in a certain time?
Grow up, little finger!
Using your thumb, we move the button along the phalanx of the finger from the nail to the palm and back, causing each finger to “grow”.
Complication: performing the exercise with both hands at the same time.
Who's faster?
Place the button on your child's index finger. His friend's task will be to transfer the button to his finger without using others. The one who dropped the item loses. If there are a lot of children, you can divide them into teams and organize competitions.
Pass the button.
Pass the button from hand to hand in a circle.
Complication: change the way the button is passed on.
Pick up a button.
Choose a button in size and color to the corresponding place in the picture - template.
Cryotherapy.
Cryotherapy literally means cold treatment. But in our case, the positive effect is not so much cold as the contrast of temperatures, i.e., alternating exposure of the hands to cold and heat, contrast therapy.
Cold causes muscle contraction, and heat causes relaxation. Muscle tone is normalized, the contractility of small muscles of the hand increases. All this contributes to the improvement of more subtle movements of the hand, leads to the performance of clear differentiated movements, the motor zone of the cerebral cortex develops accordingly and, as a result, improves the process of speech development. Cryotherapy does not require special equipment. You need pieces of ice that are prepared in advance. Carrying out cryotherapy with children has its own contraindications and its own methodology.
Contraindications.
Cryotherapy cannot be performed on children with episyndrome;
Use cryotherapy carefully with long-term and frequently ill children.
Cryotherapy is carried out in three stages.
1. Cryocontrast. Children take pieces of ice from the bowl and sort through them for 10-15 seconds. Then warm up your hands, this is done in a basin with warm water or on plastic bottles with hot water. They put their hands in the ice again. Cryocontrast is performed three times. Then wipe your hands dry with a towel.
This work can be diversified by adding aromatic oil and color to the ice.
2. Finger gymnastics (mainly for muscle stretching).
3. Development of tactile sensitivity:
- hand massage using cones, Su-Jok balls, brushes, stroking objects of different textures.
Methods for developing fine motor skills - cryotherapy, acupuncture and button therapy - have achieved certain results:
- children more easily learn and independently perform complex finger exercises and their combinations;
- children develop visual and graphic skills more easily;
- attention and memory develop, which are closely related to speech development;
- children’s interest in classes with a speech therapist and psychologist increases.
In addition, both of these methods are initially medical in nature. This means that the positive effect of their use has been confirmed not only in the process of pedagogical observation, but also in the process of various medical studies.
I have presented to your attention a very small part of the games that I use in my work.
I am working on improving sensory perception and developing the hand while walking. These are, of course, games with sand and snow. The kids like to draw with a stick in the sand, but also make fingerprints with their palms, depicting flowers or butterflies. Draw animal tracks, highways, the world that the child sees with his own eyes. It's varied, interesting and educational.
Conclusion
Thus, by developing fine motor skills and coordination of hand movements in preschool children through various types of activities, improving the conditions for the development of fine motor skills of the fingers of preschool children, I achieved the following results: improved coordination and accuracy of hand and eye movements, hand flexibility, rhythm; fine motor skills of fingers and hands; the development of imagination, logical thinking has improved, voluntary attention, visual and auditory perception, creative activity; an emotionally comfortable environment has been created in communication with peers and adults.
Fine motor skills are characterized by a person's ability to make small, precise movements with their fingers and toes. The coordinated actions of the muscular, skeletal and nervous systems of the human body help to achieve high-quality performance of such movements.
Development of fine motor skills - natural process, it begins in infancy. The child masters simple grasping gestures, then learns to transfer objects from hand to hand, and gradually masters the “tweezer grip.” By the age of two, the child is already able to independently and correctly use a spoon, hold a pencil, and shows interest in drawing.
Starting from a very young age, it is important to support the natural development of fine motor skills. Already infant you can massage your fingers, thereby doing primitive finger gymnastics, which has a positive effect on active points associated with the cerebral cortex and leads to activation speech development. In early preschool age, finger gymnastics can be accompanied by poetic texts, which in turn help maintain the child’s interest in doing the exercises and stimulate the development of memory and imagination. An adult should patiently encourage the child’s desire to master simple self-care skills: fastening buttons before going for a walk, tying shoelaces, because this is the development of fine motor skills in everyday life.
In the process of developing fine motor skills, it is important to retain and reinforce the child’s interest, so the use of non-traditional drawing techniques can help every adult carry out such activities without unnecessary persuasion.
Unconventional painting techniques demonstrate unusual combinations of materials and tools. Undoubtedly, the advantage of such techniques is the versatility of their use. The technology for their implementation is interesting and accessible to both adults and children.
There are several types of non-traditional techniques for developing fine motor skills:
Finger painting: You can use either special finger paints or gouache. Let your child dip his fingers into the paint and use them to create on a landscape sheet or a whole piece of whatman paper.
Drawing with your palm is similar to the previous activity, but you need to draw with your entire palm at once. You can dip your fingers in different colors and get rainbow designs.
Drawing with prints, the basis of which can be bottle caps, an eraser or crumpled paper.
Poke Painting – Dip cotton swabs into paint and create designs.
Spraying - this method causes indescribable delight in children; to use it, you need to put paint on a brush and spray it on the paper in a random order.
The foam pattern is very similar to the print. You need to cut out various shapes from foam rubber, attach them to a pencil or stick, dip them in paint and make an imprint on paper.
Drawing with chalk - you can draw on the street and at home on a special board.
The list of unconventional drawing techniques does not end here; its expansion depends on your imagination.
Unconventional techniques always attract and retain children's attention, because every child is interested in everything new and unusual.
Training the movements of the fingers helps not only to develop coordination of movements, but also normalizes the child’s mental state, reduces the level of anxiety, helps to eliminate children’s fears, affecting the cerebral cortex, it leads to the development of the baby’s speech. In the process of such activities, children receive not only knowledge and skills, but also pleasure and joy from their small successes.
List of used literature:
1. Kutsakova L.V. Design and artistic work V kindergarten: Programs and lesson notes (Text) - M.: TC Sfera, 2005.
2. E. Kosinova. Gymnastics for fingers. We develop motor skills. EKSMO.2009
