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Each animal is individual, and it is difficult to bring urination in cats to uniform standards, but there are common features.
It is important to understand how often your pet pees. The normal frequency of urination in cats is considered to be 2 to 3 times a day. It is quite harmful for animals to pee once a day, because in their own way chemical properties Cat urine is already very concentrated. When rare urination occurs, this provokes oversaturation of urine with various salts, which, in turn, can contribute to the development of urolithiasis. To prevent rare urination in your cat, you can provide him with constant access to water. It is very important that the cat drinks. Often I hear from owners that the cat eats wet food and does not drink at all. Of course, a cat needs much less water than a dog, and the cat gets most of its daily water intake from food, but this does not mean that it should not drink! Perhaps your cat has the ability to drink moving water; such animals need to either constantly turn on the tap or buy special drinking fountains. You can't teach a cat to drink on a schedule! There are also cats that like to drink from large bowls, vases or even buckets; sometimes a cat drinks from bowls located on a hill, the main thing is to change the water every day. It is very important to spend a little time and understand exactly how your pet drinks. Please remember that the water must be free of any impurities; it is harmful to drink from flower trays, vases with flowers, or a toilet bowl; there is a risk of poisoning.
When urinating in cats, you should pay attention to the color of the urine and its smell. Urine should be straw-yellow or yellow in color, without any impurities, especially without any admixture of blood or brown. If your animal is not castrated or sterilized, then the smell from the urine is specific, characteristic of this type of animal. If the smell of urine suddenly changes - it may begin to smell like acetone, ammonia, for example, this should alert you immediately; such urine should be tested as soon as possible. A very bad prognostic sign is a change in the color of urine to watery and the complete disappearance of the smell of urine - this may indicate a severe form of renal failure.
Normally, a cat does not stay in the litter tray for long during the act of urination; there are cats that do not bury even after themselves and immediately run out, and during the urination itself the sound of flowing water is always heard. If your cat begins to sit in the litter box for a long time or begins to go to the toilet frequently, and you do not hear the sound of flowing water, then this is an urgent reason for a visit to the veterinarian. Perhaps these are clinical manifestations of urolithiasis or cystitis. In the same way, a life-threatening pathology can manifest itself - acute urinary retention, which requires immediate help.
In any case, if you see even the slightest change in the usual act of urination of your pet, it is better to play it safe and consult a veterinarian as soon as possible. If possible, it is better to come to your appointment immediately with a urine test collected in a special jar.
Sincerely, veterinarian - nephrologist Lemara Yurievna Voitova
There are no general water consumption standards for cats. Their need for fluid depends on many factors - weight, age, individual characteristics and general health. You can calculate the approximate rate of water consumption for a cat: about 30 ml of water is required per kilogram of weight. Based on these data, it turns out that a cat that weighs 7 kg should drink 200 ml of water per day, that is, 1 glass.
- Thirst torments...
Attention! As a cat ages, its need for water increases due to a natural decrease in the amount of fluid in the body. That's why older pets drink more than young ones.
Causes of frequent urination and decreased urine volume
To determine why a cat often goes to the toilet in small, small amounts, it is necessary to study the main causes and symptoms of associated diseases.
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This pathology can occur at any age of the pet. At risk are neutered cats who do not receive a balanced diet. During urolithiasis, stones form in the body, which get stuck in the ureter and block the flow of urine. If the disease is not treated, the pet may die due to stagnation of urine.
Symptoms of the disease include frequent urge to go to the toilet, as well as urine with drops of blood. Kidney stones form over time because it all starts with sand.
Sand does not interfere with the flow of urine; at this stage it is very difficult to detect the disease. The sand gradually accumulates and forms stones, which begin to bother the animal.
Important! Treatment should begin while the fractions are small and easily excreted in the urine. Otherwise, there is a risk of death of the animal.
Urinary incontinence
When identifying the reasons why a cat began to pee a lot, it is necessary to pay attention to the disease - urinary incontinence. This disease does not cause discomfort in the cat, but it does not appear just like that. Often the pathology is caused by internal infections, injuries or stressful situations.
In this case, urine has a normal color, without impurities and a specific odor.
A comprehensive examination of the whole body is used as a diagnosis.
The cat pees little, but often in some cases due to the development of kidney failure. In this case, the kidneys perform poorly the function of processing and removing urine. Due to impaired fluid removal in the body, the functioning of other systems is disrupted.
Problems often develop in pets older than 8 years. Among the main symptoms are:
- frequent urination;
- decreased activity and lethargy of the cat;
- your pet often drools;
- the cat begins to lick frequently, especially the perineum;
- the cat suddenly begins to lose weight;
- the oral mucosa becomes pale;
- swelling appears.
Important! Kidney failure must be treated immediately. It should be remembered that only a veterinarian can prescribe the correct medications after an examination.
Sometimes the cause of frequent urination is psychological problems. In this case, pets may unintentionally pee in the wrong place.
The reason may be:
- moving to another place of residence;
- sudden change of litter tray;
- replacing the usual food with another;
- bad relationship with the owner;
- the appearance of other animals in the house;
- a tray that is not removed for a long time.
Psychological problems can result in serious stress for a cat. Therefore, owners should not ignore the poor condition of their pet. If your pet shows aggression, starts yelling and becomes anxious, you should take him for a consultation with a doctor to determine the reason for this behavior and frequent urination.
The main infections of the genitourinary system include cystitis. The disease causes inflammation of the mucous membrane bladder and occurs in both male and female cats.
Causes of cystitis:
- infectious lesions of the kidneys and urinary tract;
- metabolic disorders;
- poor nutrition;
- long stay in the cold;
- sand and kidney stones.
Symptoms:
- frequent urination;
- the appearance of blood or pus in urine;
- the animal cannot calmly go to the toilet because it is in pain;
- pets begin to pee in other places, since they associate the tray with pain.
Cystitis requires urgent treatment, as it entails serious consequences
Diabetes mellitus
The main symptoms of this disease are frequent drinking and urination. Mostly adult cats are at risk, but kittens can also get sick. This disease is diagnosed only within the walls of the clinic, where tests and analyzes are carried out.
Important! Obese cats are most susceptible to diabetes.
Other symptoms of diabetes:
- the cat prefers to lie down and shows minimal activity;
- urine smells like acetone;
- weight drops sharply;
- vomiting is possible.
The sooner the owner contacts the veterinarian with the cat, the greater the chance of successful treatment. The visit should not be postponed, since in severe stages of the disease it is more difficult to help the cat, so the risk of death increases.
Natural Causes of Thirst
Polydipsia is the medical term for increased thirst in cats. It can be caused by natural causes or pathological changes in the animal’s body. The natural reasons why a cat drinks a lot of water are as follows:
- in high physical activity, which is especially typical for kittens, who spend a lot of energy and try to replenish it with food and water;
- at high indoor temperatures, for example, in summer or winter with a heated stove (hot radiators);
- in the high body temperature of the animal associated with the disease;
- in foods high in salt;
- in pregnancy, lactation;
- lack of protein in the body;
- in taking some medicines, in particular, diuretics.
Your cat may become thirsty if you switch her to a different food. For example, she used to eat wet or natural food, and then you suddenly switched to dry food. They contain a very small percentage of liquid and the animal naturally compensates for its deficiency with additional drinking.
If your pet lives with you for a long time, then you should know the approximate amount of water it consumes. Has the amount of liquid you drink started to increase? If the volume of water consumed has increased by 1.5 times per day, you need to contact a veterinarian.
Attention! A cat may be constantly thirsty when stressed or very excited. This is not due to internal pathologies, but to psychogenic factors. In this case, it is advisable to limit her access to the drinking bowl.
Signs of dehydration
Experiments with bowls do not always bring results immediately, and the cat continues to be mischievous. This behavior threatens dehydration and the acquisition of unpleasant diseases.
A small test can help identify dehydration in a cat. Pull back the skin on the cat's neck and watch it return to its original position. If this happens quickly, your pet is fine.
If the fold of skin is difficult to pull back, and then it slowly straightens, the cat is dehydrated. If there are other alarming symptoms, the animal must be immediately shown to a veterinarian.
Pathologies
Many serious diseases provoke severe thirst in felines. In this case, polydipsia manifests itself due to high water consumption in the body, which is caused by the disease. The cat drinks a lot of water when there is excessive sweating, which indicates the presence of illness, or when there is discharge from the genitals associated with inflammation. Constant thirst can also be caused by the following diseases:
- diabetes mellitus;
- renal failure in acute or chronic form;
- pyelonephritis;
- liver tumor;
- excessive functionality of the thyroid gland – hyperthyroidism.
The symptom of a cat drinking a lot of water and not eating much can include vomiting and diarrhea, blood loss or dropsy. Additional symptoms are lethargy, apathy, and rapid weight loss. Pain syndrome may also occur.
Attention! If your cat starts drinking a lot, don't limit it! A lack of fluid in the body provokes dehydration!
What does each discharge indicate when vomiting occurs?
Of course, an animal can vomit not only bile, but also other types of secretions. In order not to cause unnecessary panic, you need to understand the specific cause of this type of vomiting.
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Before the onset of this symptom, the pet will experience rapid breathing, and involuntary reflexes may appear, namely swallowing. There is also strong salivation.
Before the onset of vomiting, the pet notices rapid breathing
If spasms begin after eating, this may indicate that your pet has eaten too much grass or swallowed a large hairball. This caused irritation in the stomach.
For example, if a cat has vomited 1 or maximum 2 times and feels quite normal, then there is no particular reason to worry. You just need to monitor your pet’s condition for 24 hours, and if everything is fine, then you don’t have to see a doctor.
It is important to understand that inflammation of the uterus or intestines, as well as feline distemper, are also accompanied by such discharge. Therefore, if these symptoms are systematic, you should not postpone a visit to the doctor.
Foam is considered the safest white, if the animal burps such a mass, then there is no need to worry too much. Of course, if this is a one-time spasm.
The most common cause of bile secretion is considered to be problems with the liver or kidneys.
If we are talking about bile or blood, then you should be especially careful. The most common cause of bile secretion is considered to be problems with the liver or kidneys. The same reason may be for green discharge. Moreover, in the latter case, in addition to liver disease, stomach problems cannot be ruled out.
When there is blood in the discharge, there may be other reasons. For example, scarlet blood indicates any damage to the pharynx or esophagus. The first thing you need to do is examine your pet's throat; most likely, wounds will be found there. Dark blood indicates damage to the stomach itself; here you cannot do without the help of a doctor.
If you are vomiting, you need to examine your pet's throat.
Help for the animal and medications
There is no reason to panic if the cat's thirst is caused by natural reasons. After weaning the offspring, the female will stop drinking a lot within a few days. When feeding dry food, you must ensure that the bowl of water is always full and alternate dry formulas with wet canned food.
Feed should not be over-salted. If medications are the cause of thirst, it is worth discussing it with your veterinarian. He will adjust your medication intake.
If a cat drinks a lot and this is accompanied by vomiting, prolonged diarrhea, lethargy, and apathy, then it is necessary to take the animal to a veterinary clinic. The specialist will do blood and urine tests, check hormonal levels and conduct an ultrasound if diabetes is suspected. Drug therapy is prescribed by a veterinarian after an examination.
Please note that an animal may experience severe thirst during burns, even chemical ones, when fluid evaporates from the body and the body experiences a lack of moisture. Often, cats drink a lot of water when in heat due to blood loss. This indicates health problems.
Diagnostics
One of the first diagnostic methods is to take a blood test, which determines the presence of inflammation, anemia and altered red blood cells. A biochemical analysis is also required to determine liver enzymes (ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase). The level of direct and total bilirubin is also assessed.
Normal indicators in cats: ALT – from 19 to 78 units/l, AST – from 9 to 30 units/l, Bilirubin – from 2 to 16 µmol/l
A urine test also evaluates the presence of bilirubin and urobilinogen.
If effusion or ascites is present, fluid analysis is performed.
To examine the liver, ultrasound is used, as well as radiography - it determines the presence of fluid, enlargement of the liver or spleen, as well as metastases or tumors.
Sometimes it is necessary to perform a liver biopsy and bile collection for bacteriological and cytological analysis.
For prehepatic jaundice, a blood clotting test (prothrombin index), an immune-mediated hemolytic anemia test, and a water-salt test (to determine the agglutination (clumping) of red blood cells) are performed.
Diagnosis of diseases associated with increased thirst
Diabetes mellitus. If your cat doesn’t eat anything, drinks a lot, rapidly loses weight, and frequently goes to the toilet “smallly,” diabetes mellitus is most likely to blame for its condition. Older cats, cats and obese animals are at the highest risk of developing diabetes. Genetic predisposition also plays an important role.
Hyperthyroidism. If the functions of the endocrine system are disrupted, old cats drink a lot of water. In addition, cats with hyperthyroidism (a disease caused by an overactive thyroid gland) suffer from regular diarrhea and, as a result, even with good nutrition, lose weight. The condition of the coat worsens, muscle atrophy progresses, tachycardia and shortness of breath are observed during moments of excitement.
Urinary tract disease. The cat drinks a lot and goes to the toilet often, often having problems with urination if it has developed diseases of the lower urinary tract due to unbalanced nutrition and drinking. Hypercalcemia. Cats with abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood become nervous, drink a lot, but refuse to eat.
The condition may develop due to hyperthyroidism, renal failure, pancreatitis or milk fever. Pyometra. Purulent inflammation of the uterus is accompanied by fever, lack of appetite, depression, vomiting and irrepressible thirst. Viral diseases. Heavy viral infections accompanied by fever, which leads to dehydration. Some sick cats lose their appetite but continue to drink a lot of water.
A urine test will complete the picture if there is a suspicion of diseases of the urinary system. An abdominal ultrasound will assess the condition of the kidneys.
We suggest you read: Ascites in cats: symptoms and treatment
A good owner constantly monitors the health of his pet. He will pay attention in time to the fact that the cat does not pee or visits the litter box once a day, excreting urine literally in droplets. Of course, if the animal is free-range, it may not do its “business” at home.
This will complicate the diagnosis, because you can easily miss signs of chronic renal failure or other symptoms of dysfunction of the urinary system. However, if there is even a suspicion that the cat is not passing urine, or there are other problems with the urinary tract, only a timely visit to the veterinarian can solve the problem, and in some cases, save the animal’s life.
Normal frequency of urination in cats
Those who have just bought themselves a mustachioed and striped friend often ask how many times a day a cat should pee. These animals initially existed with a lack of moisture, so they drink little, and their urine is extremely concentrated. Actually, this is what causes the specific and well-recognized smell of cat urine.
There is no need to be alarmed if your cat does not pee several times a day; it may happen once or twice a day. In principle, this is within normal limits, especially if the animal receives wet food and drinks very rarely and little.
This primarily applies to small kittens. Their urine is separated in minute quantities due to the fact that they feed on liquid food - mother's milk, which is almost completely absorbed by the kitten.
In addition, a caring cat constantly licks her kittens, so it may seem as if they are not urinating at all. Only after children begin to feed themselves can owners notice that they go to the toilet infrequently. This is also the norm for animals up to one and a half to two months.
It’s another matter if owners notice urinary problems in older animals. Normally, they can urinate 1–2 times a day. Frequent urination may indicate the presence of chronic renal failure (CRF), and too infrequent urination may indicate various health problems, including urolithiasis, which is very dangerous for cats.
Causes of urinary problems
There are many reasons why a cat does not pee as it should, so diagnosing the disease is very important. Only after receiving accurate results can the doctor prescribe the correct treatment.
The most common causes of difficulty urinating are:
- Kidney diseases. There are quite a few of them, they can be congenital or acquired, appear as a result of injury or disease.
- Urolithiasis. This is the most common and dangerous cause of urinary obstruction.
- , or inflammation of the bladder and urethra. Occurs during infection or as a consequence of hypothermia against the background of a decrease in immunity.
- Atony of the bladder, appearing after injury, surgery, as a result of illness or old age.
- Anuria (lack of urine) is a critical condition, often leading to the death of the animal.
- Complications on the kidneys after infectious or systemic diseases.
- Spinal injuries with.
- Formation of tumors (benign or malignant).
In any case, if the cat cannot pee, contacting a veterinary clinic is vital, since without an accurate diagnosis it will be impossible to carry out the correct treatment.
Signs of problems with the urinary system
If the owner notices that his cat cannot pee, spins around in the tray, sits down, but nothing happens, this is a reason for serious concern and a visit to the veterinary clinic.
Any signs of trouble should be of concern - “empty” visits to the tray, screams or meowing during urination, small or excessively large amounts of urine, changes in its color and smell, the appearance of turbidity, flakes, sand or traces of blood in it.
Urinary disorders may be accompanied by increased lethargy of the animal, severe thirst or refusal to drink and/or eat, high or slightly drowsiness. Often a sick animal hides in a corner, stops playing, may scream pitifully or even growl at its owners when they try to feel it, sometimes the cat meows when they try to pick it up.
If a cat does not pass urine for a long time (more than a day), and the condition is accompanied by the symptoms described above, it must be urgently taken to a veterinary clinic. Such manifestations can be signs of serious diseases; the introduction of stones or tightly packed sand into the ureters or urinary tract is especially dangerous. Delay can cost the animal its health or even its life.
Treatment options
In cases where the cat does not pee, only a veterinarian can decide on the choice of treatment. In a number of situations, only the fastest surgical intervention can save the life of an animal, so you cannot hesitate in such a situation.
Very often, owners are interested in what to do if the cat cannot pee. The animal must be shown to the veterinarian and await his conclusion. Depending on the disease, specific treatment will be prescribed.
If the disease is bacterial in nature, antibiotics will have to be used; in other cases, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, painkillers, diuretics, antihistamines and other drugs, as well as steroid hormones (if required), will be prescribed. These drugs must be given strictly according to doctor's orders.
A sick cat needs love, affection, a warm, cozy place to sleep, and proper feeding and drinking regimen. She will need a special diet of foods that cannot irritate diseased kidneys and urinary organs.
Dry food, especially cheap food, must be removed from her diet. It is not of high quality and has an extremely negative effect on urinary function. It contains few natural products, especially meat, and mainly contains carbohydrates, fats, various additives, flavors that attract cats, and dyes.
In addition, it contains a lot of salt, and swelling in the cat’s stomach, such food severely dehydrates the body. Long-term feeding on such foods can in itself lead to kidney problems, and in the presence of a disease this is especially dangerous.
During an acute condition, the kidneys should not be overloaded with protein foods, so a lot of attention should be paid to the cat’s nutrition. Until the condition stabilizes, her food should be light, natural, unprocessed and sufficient in calories.
Since urolithiasis in cats is a fairly common phenomenon, and it mostly affects cats, especially castrated cats, urethrostomy is used as a preventive or therapeutic measure. Due to the severe narrowing of the urethra at the exit, even a small amount of sand can lead to the death of the cat. The new urethral opening is created between the scrotum and the anus.
This operation can save the animal’s life, but will require more attention and care from the owners, since the frequency of bacterial cystitis can triple.
Disease prevention
Castrated, sterilized, old and weakened animals, as well as cats with significant overweight. Obesity provokes disruptions in the normal metabolic process, which leads to disruption of the proper functioning of all systems, especially the endocrine and excretory systems.
And problems with kidney function lead to poisoning of the whole body, increased blood pressure, and the appearance of cardiovascular diseases. Just like people overweight in cats - a serious threat to health and life, so owners must monitor proper nutrition pets
It is very important to prevent animals from eating food that is unnatural for them - salted fish or meat, smoked meats, sausage and other products that can be harmful to health. Salt in cat food is especially dangerous.
It should be present in minimal doses, as should fats, but the diet must be well balanced. This will protect not only the cat’s excretory system, but the entire body as a whole.
It often happens that a cat cannot pee normally due to a cold. Oddly enough, fluffy long-haired breeds are especially susceptible to it, but any animal can get sick due to drafts or hypothermia.
Therefore, be sure to ensure that cats do not lie in open doors or on thresholds, close windows in strong cold winds and place your pet’s bed in the most protected and warm corner.
Although cats are hydrated and drink very little compared to other animals, they should always have access to clean, fresh water. If the owners are away from home for a long time, the cat should have an automatic water bottle freely available. If a cat eats dry food, the lack of water can cause serious illness or even death of the pet.
The water must be clean, boiled or passed through a filter for drinking water– an excessive amount of salts in it is dangerous for the cat’s health. For the same reason, cats are not given mineral water, even “light” dining. Drinking utensils must be washed frequently and regularly disinfected.
If, despite all the measures taken, the animal gets sick, there is no need to hope that it will “go away on its own” or try to treat it with home-grown remedies, much less use “human” medicines. There can be many reasons for urinary disorders, so a high-quality diagnosis will be required, which can only be carried out by an experienced veterinarian.
