Made from wood and wood, it is used to make furniture and decoration. This is a beautiful natural material with unique properties, but without special protective agents, wood is unlikely to be durable. She is afraid of humidity, temperature changes, fire and pests. Often it is simple to paint a tree, but at the same time its unique texture and color are lost. Varnishes help protect wood and preserve its natural beauty. Almost a thousand years have passed since the appearance of the first such composition, during which time varnishes have changed, and today such an assortment is presented on store shelves various means that your head can go spinning. Let's figure out how to choose wood varnish for interior and exterior use, what is the difference between different types varnishes and what is important to consider when purchasing.
No. 1. What are the differences between different wood varnishes?
Varnish is a viscous product consisting of a solvent, resins and polymers. After application to the surface, the solvent evaporates, leaving a dense, durable film. This barrier protects the tree from various kinds of negative factors. Since wood was previously the main building material, the first varnishes appeared inXII century. It was the invention of a German monk, and the composition of the protective substance was kept secret for a long time. Attempts to develop a means to extend the life of wood have been made constantly. Thus, in the 15th century, oil-type compositions appeared in England, and later in Holland and Portugal they began to produce resin-based varnishes.
Since then, the range of such products has expanded significantly, compositions with specific properties have appeared, so today you can’t just go to the store and buy the first wood varnish you come across - it is important to take into account a lot of nuances of different compositions, otherwise you may not only fail to protect the material, but also harm it .
When choosing a wood varnish, you should take into account the following factors:
- terms of Use. Outdoors, the material is affected by factors such as high humidity, constant temperature changes and ultraviolet radiation, so the composition for protection must be selected accordingly - only wood varnishes are suitable for outdoor work. As a rule, the manufacturer indicates on the packaging the conditions under which the composition can be used. , furniture and wall finishing materials can be safely coated with wood varnish for interior work;
- wear resistance. It is not always possible to cover the floor with the same composition as the furniture, since the load on the surface will be completely different. If even the least resistant nitrocellulose varnish is suitable for other wooden objects that are not subject to heavy wear, then for the floor covering it is necessary to take more durable compounds;
- toxicity. Majority modern compositions have an unpleasant pungent odor when drying, as they contain organic solvents. Of course, this smell will disappear when the varnish is completely dry, but until then you will, at best, have a headache, and at worst, get serious poisoning. Polyurethane, acrylic, polyester varnishes and nitro varnishes are applied in special protective equipment in carpentry workshops or non-residential premises. After drying, all these compounds become safe. If the work needs to be carried out at home, and the household members are not going to leave anywhere, then it is better to take the least toxic composition - this water based varnishes, they are practically odorless;
- drying time. A layer of varnish can dry from 6 to 72 hours and sometimes longer. Water-based varnishes and oil-based varnishes take the longest to dry; alcohol-based and nitrocellulose varnishes take 20 minutes or more. According to this parameter, all compositions are divided into slow and quick drying. Take this characteristic of the varnish into account when calculating the duration of the work;
- high temperature resistance. It makes sense to apply heat-resistant varnishes to wood in rooms where. It is important not only to choose the appropriate composition, but also to properly expose the surface with it, because the result largely depends on the application technique;
- shine. Thanks to the varnish, you can get a glossy or matte surface. Choice in in this case is based only on aesthetic preferences, since performance qualities do not depend much on the degree of gloss. Gloss gives visual volume, and matte coating is able to highlight the beauty of the tree. The degree of gloss is determined as a percentage of the reflected light flux. For example, high gloss varnish reflects more than 90% of light, glossy - 80-90%, and matte– less than 10%. There are also semi-gloss and semi-matte compositions, so there is a wide choice;
- varnish components. Best suited for doing the work yourself one-component varnishes, the same ones that are simply applied and form a protective film by evaporating the solvent. Professionals often use two-component varnishes, in which a protective film is formed as a result chemical reaction between two substances. As a rule, such compositions are more durable;
- need for primer. Self-priming varnishes can be applied directly to wood. Other compositions require preliminary preparation surface: if not, then you may soon encounter peeling of the varnish, the appearance of cracks and craters.
You can also find on sale tinting varnish. With their help, you can give the wood the desired shade or even completely change the color. However, the classic option is still transparent varnish, which allows you to preserve the original wood pattern. 
No. 2. Types of wood varnish
Depending on the type of solvent, the following types of varnishes are distinguished:
- oil;
- polyurethane;
- alkyd;
- acrylic;
- nitro varnishes, etc.
There are other types of varnishes, and each of them has its own characteristics of wear resistance, drying time, toxicity and weather resistance. To choose the right wood varnish for interior and exterior use, you need to know the main characteristics of each composition. 
No. 3. Oil varnish for wood
Oil-based (also called oil-resin) varnishes were previously used everywhere, but today their popularity has noticeably decreased. Are being manufactured based on resin and oil in various proportions. Previously, only natural resins were used, but with the advent of artificial resins and modified oils, the cost of formulations has decreased.
Depending on the amount of oil in the composition, such varnishes are divided into:
- fatty, 65-85% oils;
- average, 55-65%;
- skinny, 35-55%.
Thick oil varnishes do a better job of protecting the coating than thin ones, but they take longer to dry. Typically this type of varnish is used for protection of floor coverings in residential premises. These are thick formulations that are difficult to apply with a brush, so they are often diluted a little. The shelf life is short, drying time is from 24 to 72 hours or more. 
No. 4. Alkyd varnishes for wood
Alkyd varnishes are produced on the basis of glyphthalic or pentaphthalic resins; white spirit or solvent is used as a solvent; the composition may also contain substances that accelerate the drying of the varnish.
To the benefits The following qualities are worth mentioning:
- resistance to moisture, temperature changes, some compositions are resistant to sunlight and even fire;
- wear resistance;
- low price;
- long shelf life.
In addition, alkyd compositions perfectly highlight the grain of wood, and to achieve the required depth of color, you can apply as many layers of varnish as you like, but the surface treatment process will be quite lengthy. The composition takes a long time to dry - this is its main disadvantage; you have to wait 48-72 hours. If this is critical, then it is better to take varnish with special additives that speed up the drying process. We also note an unpleasant odor during drying.
Alkyd varnish is mainly used for floor treatment: a coating resistant to moisture and wear is obtained. The composition can be applied to heated floors. This varnish is used much less often for covering furniture. If added to alkyd varnish urethane groups, then we will get an even more interesting coating from the point of view of performance. This composition differs from the previous composition in faster drying (about 6-12 hours) and increased service life. The smell is as unpleasant as that of alkyd varnishes. 
No. 5. Alkyd-urea varnish
In this case, in addition to alkyd resins, the varnish contains amino-formaldehyde resins. These are two-component varnishes, the drying of which is possible only with the introduction of a special acid-containing hardener. The additive is mixed with the varnish before application; the shelf life of the resulting mixture is short - from several hours to a couple of days, so the amount must be accurately calculated in advance.
Alkyd-urea varnish creates a durable film on wood and protects the material well from moisture. The composition is used mainly for For covering and massive. You can use it and for protecting wooden furniture, as well as other items that are located indoors. 
No. 6. Nitrocellulose varnishes
This varnish is a mixture of cellulose nitrate, organic solvent, resins and plasticizer. This is a fairly popular wood varnish. for interior work. It is well suited for processing furniture; it can produce a matte and glossy surface, but not suitable for floor protection.
Basic advantages varnish:
- high drying speed, from 20 minutes to 5 hours, average time – 1 hour;
- high polishability;
- varnish allows you to create a smooth hard coating with excellent decorative qualities;
- the composition penetrates deep into the pores of wood and provides good protection.
Among shortcomings It is worth noting the unpleasant odor during drying - this is toxic solvents evaporating, so during work it is necessary to carefully protect the respiratory tract. After drying, the varnish is absolutely safe for health. The composition does not protect wood very well from moisture and sunlight, the coating strength is average, so it is used for treating furniture and walls indoors.
No. 7. Polyurethane varnish
Polyurethane varnish can be called one of the most popular compositions. Due to its high strength, many consider it universal. If we say that the group of polyurethane varnishes includes yacht varnish, then it becomes clear that the performance qualities of this composition are exceptional.
Basic advantages:
- increased adhesion to the base;
- high hardness of the coating, which perfectly protects the wood from moisture, chemicals, and sunlight;
- high drying speed, 4-12 hours.
The unique properties of the composition allow it to be used for outdoor work. They cover yacht decks, stairs, as well as parquet floors, furniture and other wooden objects. This is a universal composition. Among cons only the high price and the need to strictly comply with all the requirements for the process of applying the composition - it is important to protect the surface from contact with moisture, since even a drop of water can greatly reduce the performance of the varnish. 
No. 8. Water-based acrylic varnish
This varnish can be called one of the most environmentally friendly and safe. When working, it does not give off any unpleasant odors, so its use is allowed even in. Water-soluble varnishes have one essential minus– they take a very long time to dry. For the film to fully form, you will have to wait about 2 weeks. In addition, it is better to prime the wood before applying varnish. You can also find formulations with a small amount of organic solvent (up to 15%) on sale.
Water-based acrylic varnishes do not support combustion; they highlight the natural grain of wood well, but do not provide a sufficient level of protection from moisture. Wear resistance is also not great, but manufacturers produce compounds with special additives that can significantly increase the mechanical resistance of the coating. 
No. 9. Water-based polyurethane varnish
The composition combines the advantages of acrylic water-based and polyurethane varnishes, was developed not so long ago, and is sold as a one- and two-component mixture. The varnish is characterized by high strength, wear resistance, elasticity, resistance to aggressive substances, the coating is environmentally friendly, durable and does not crack for many years, however, the price of the composition is still quite high. 
No. 10. Epoxy varnish
Epoxy varnishes, as the name suggests, are made on the basis epoxy resin. The film made from it hardens under the influence of a hardener - these are two-component varnishes. Among the main benefits high hardness, strength of the resulting film, moisture resistance and shock resistance. The varnish is suitable for interior work for covering floor coverings, and for external work. Plus, the coating dries very quickly, no more than 12 hours. 
No. 11. Polyester varnish
Multicomponent composition based on polyester resins. It is applied with a special gun and requires high professionalism and sufficient precision in work. After drying, a fairly thick, durable film is formed, which protects well from moisture and aggressive substances. Varnish is used for treating floors, furniture and some musical instruments. 
No. 12. Alcohol varnish
These are not very common compositions, the scope of which is very limited. Alcohol varnishes (varnishes) are made based on ethyl alcohol and resins. The alcohol evaporates quickly, so the drying time of the varnish is minimal - from 20 minutes to an hour. The coating has a beautiful shine, but protects the surface very poorly from moisture. Composition used when processing musical instruments, less often - in carpentry for furniture processing.
No. 13. Primer varnish
Primer varnish is only necessary to improve the adhesion of the wood to the finishing coat. The composition also helps to achieve a more even coating and isolate the wood from water residue. It is necessary to choose a primer varnish that is most suitable for the type of topcoat.
No. 14. Applying wood varnish
The process of coating wood with varnish is simple and consists of several stages:
- layer removal old paint or varnish, you can use sandpaper;
- sanding wood and thoroughly removing dust;
- when using tinting varnish, the wood can be opened with stain;
- applying primer varnish;
- applying protective varnish using
The easiest way to work is with a roller; with its help you can very quickly cover a fairly large surface with varnish. The brush can be used together with a roller to treat hard-to-reach areas. To avoid leaving marks, it is better to use a brush with a little fluff at the end. The sprayer is used by professionals; with its help you can very quickly cover a large surface area with varnish. When treating furniture, it is better to use two layers of varnish, and three to protect the floor. Each new layer is applied after drying and slightly sanding the previous one.
Properly selected and applied varnish will preserve the original appearance of the wood for many years.
Wood remains a popular building material. Aesthetics, practicality, versatility, good thermal insulation properties are only part of the advantages, but the main disadvantage is low resistance to moisture. You can correct the situation if you use wood varnish for exterior work. Manufacturers produce different types of coatings, which differ in technical properties.
Characteristics of varnishes for outdoor use
The service life of wooden surfaces and products is affected by atmospheric phenomena, temperature changes, and sunlight. The paint coating allows you to provide reliable protection to the wood if the varnish is chosen correctly.
When choosing paint materials, it is important to pay attention to the following characteristics:
- Moisture resistance. From moisture and water, the tree begins to rot and collapse. The varnish should create a durable moisture-resistant layer on the surface that will prevent moisture from penetrating into the wood.
- Frost resistance. The property is determined by its waterproof capabilities. The coating should easily withstand sub-zero temperatures without damage or deformation. If the material, after drying, does not have sufficient water-repellent properties, then water will penetrate into microcracks. When it freezes, it will expand in volume, damaging the coating.
- Wear resistance. There are varnishes with different wear resistance. For terraces, piers, stairs and other places with high loads, you should choose compounds with good wear resistance. For fences, facades, vertical surfaces and products not subject to heavy loads, paintwork materials with average wear resistance are suitable.
- UV resistance. The composition must contain additives that provide protection from ultraviolet rays. Otherwise, the coating will quickly fade from constant exposure to the sun.
- Strength and resistance to mechanical damage. Wood is considered a soft material and needs to be reliably protected from mechanical damage. The varnish coating must be durable.
- Drying time. The indicator can be from 2-4 hours to several days, depending on whether a quick-drying or regular composition is used. Drying time depends on environmental conditions.
- Resistant to temperature changes. The coating must be durable, but at the same time elastic, so that it can be easily deformed by temperature changes without the appearance of cracks or other defects.
Types of wood varnishes for outdoor use
Depending on the components in the composition, there are several types of varnishes, which differ from each other in properties and characteristics.
Oil based varnishes
The main component of such paints and varnishes is refined oil. The composition includes synthetic or natural resins. For the most part, they provide reliable protection to the tree. Colorless oil-based paints and varnishes are rarely found on sale. They are presented in a wide range of colors - from light yellow to dark brown.
The main advantages include:
- environmental safety;
- good resistance to moisture;
- high coating strength;
- availability.
And although the varnish forms a durable coating, it does not interfere with air exchange. The main disadvantage is the long drying time (1-3 days). It is recommended to apply paintwork in sunny weather at temperatures above +10 degrees. Oil-based formulations are often thick, making them difficult to apply with a brush.
Polyurethane varnishes
Depending on the composition, they can be one-component or two-component. In the second case, a hardener is additionally used. Polyurethane-based paint and varnish material is versatile, as it is used for painting facades, fences, terraces, etc. It forms a durable coating on the surface that has good elasticity (does not deform due to temperature changes).
Polyurethane-based facade varnish has the following advantages:
- coating strength, resistance to mechanical loads;
- moisture-repellent properties;
- resistance to ultraviolet radiation and chemicals;
- adhesion to surface;
- quick drying.
It is allowed to paint only dry wooden surfaces. Upon contact with water, the composition loses its performance properties.
The main disadvantage is the higher cost compared to other types of paints and varnishes.
Alkyd varnishes
The main raw materials for production are glypthal and pentaphthalic resins. Solvent or white spirit is used as a solvent. Sometimes manufacturers add special substances that speed up the drying process.
The material forms a moisture and ultraviolet resistant film on the surface. It tolerates temperature and humidity changes and atmospheric conditions well. Typically used for painting surfaces that are not subject to heavy loads, as it has low wear resistance.
Main advantages:
- decorative (emphasizes the structure of the tree);
- resistance to mold and fungi;
- affordable price;
- ease of application.
The main disadvantage is the long drying time (24-72 hours). When dry, the varnish emits a strong, unpleasant odor. To reduce this drawback, it is worth choosing a composition with special additives.
Water-based varnishes
Acrylic varnish is usually produced based on a water dispersion. The composition may contain a solvent, but its content does not exceed 15%. The main advantage of coatings is environmental safety. He does not have unpleasant odor and non-toxic. It can be transparent or colored, it highlights the structure of the wood well. Surfaces painted with acrylic varnish are reliably protected from moisture, mold, and fungi. Used for surfaces that are not subject to heavy loads, since wear resistance is weak.
Manufacturers produce two-component water-based varnishes. In addition to acrylic, they contain polyurethane. In this regard, they have the best technical characteristics. They form a durable coating that is resistant to mechanical stress, ultraviolet radiation and moisture.
Yacht trains
Frost-resistant and moisture-resistant yacht varnish forms a durable coating on the surface. Initially, it was created for painting yachts and ships, so the main focus was on excellent performance characteristics and durability. Over time, the scope of application has expanded.
Even with constant exposure to atmospheric conditions, temperature changes and other negative factors, the coating can last a long time. An important advantage is versatility (can be used for horizontal and vertical surfaces). Disadvantage: high toxicity.
Step-by-step instructions for applying varnish
You can varnish wooden surfaces yourself if you have general information about the features of applying paints and varnishes. For the work you will need an accessible tool. It is not necessary to have special skills.
Varnish consumption
- type of wood (porous surface absorbs more varnish);
- material viscosity;
- quality of preparation of the surface to be painted;
- method of application.
When applying the first layer, the varnish consumption is usually greater, then it is used more economically. If you use a spray gun, you will need less material than if you paint with a brush or roller.
Selecting Tools
Selection necessary tools depends on the method of applying the material. The spray gun is usually used by professionals. If you don’t have this professional equipment, you can get by with hand tools. You can varnish wood with a brush or roller. Brushes will need different widths depending on the characteristics of the surface to be painted. The roller is convenient to use for covering large flat surfaces - terraces, fences, etc.
It is important to take care of personal protection. While working, you should use gloves and a respirator.
Surface preparation
On preparatory stage you should do the following:
- Sand the surface thoroughly. Use sandpaper of different grits for this. The work can be done manually or using grinding machines.
- Remove all dust with a vacuum cleaner.
- Proceed to the next step if the surface is clean and dry.
If there is no vacuum cleaner, sweep away the dust with a brush, and then wipe the entire surface with a slightly damp cloth and allow to dry completely before applying primer or varnish.
Primer
The primer composition is used to improve adhesion, level the surface (eliminate minor irregularities), and improve the performance characteristics of the varnish coating.
Apply the primer to the cleaned and prepared surface with a brush. The composition should be selected depending on the type of paintwork material. The primer should be applied in a thin layer. Once dry, sand and re-primer. The number of layers depends on the general condition of the wood and the desired effect.
Applying varnish
Before applying, waterproof wood varnish must be mixed well so that the contents of the jar become a homogeneous mixture. If the composition is too thick, it is diluted with a solvent to the required consistency. The paintwork should be applied from top to bottom in a thin layer. Make sure the coating is even. If drips appear, they must be removed immediately.
When the first layer has dried, it is sanded with fine sandpaper and then re-opened. The varnish is applied in at least 3 layers, sometimes more. Each layer must be sanded. The final coating is sometimes polished to achieve a beautiful shine and a smooth surface.
If you choose and apply varnish correctly to a wooden surface, you can reliably protect it from weather conditions and other factors. When choosing, you should focus on operating conditions and take into account the cost.
To ensure the protection of wooden products, a variety of means are used: impregnations, varnishes, paints. In order not to get confused in choosing this or that product, the buyer should know some of the subtleties of choosing such a composition.
In this article we will talk about the nuances of choosing varnish for wooden surface.
Peculiarities
Varnish is a viscous composition obtained from dissolved resin substances and polymers. When applied to a surface, such a substance forms a shiny film. This coating is used to protect the outer layers of wood, since they are highly vulnerable to various influences.
Thus, the life cycle of a wooden product with the help of the applied substance will be extended.
The properties of each varnish composition completely depend on its components. For example, using alkyd substances, you can protect a wooden coating from moisture, and with the help of alkyd-urea compounds, the coating acquires additional strength.
Kinds
The most important criterion for any varnish composition is its gloss.
Therefore, the parameters of protective substances for tree species are divided as follows:
- High gloss varnish. The brightness of the reflective light from the surface of the wood for this composition reaches 90%. This finishing material is the best in terms of gloss quality.
- Glossy composition. The described parameter varies between 80-90%.
- Semi-gloss varnish. When using this composition, the gloss parameter takes values from 40 to 50%.
- Semi-matte material. Gloss has parameters of 10-15%.
- Matt lacquer. The brightness of the reflective light from the surface is less than 10%.
Varnish coatings are also divided by area of application - they are for both outdoor and indoor use.
Varnishes for interior work. Such compositions are especially popular, because they not only protect surfaces from various types of influences, but also decorate them, making any wooden product beautiful and pleasing to the eye.
Experts divide such varnishing compositions into several types:
- parquet;
- furniture;
- universal.
Parquet
Designed for parquet covering. This board needs a high-quality protective coating, so manufacturers recommend using this particular category of paintwork materials for this. In addition, the coating of the lamellas after applying this composition acquires a rich and sophisticated appearance.
Parquet paints and varnishes have a wide range: in stores you can find both matte and glossy varieties.
When choosing this composition, you should focus on several criteria:
- A room where additional protection is required. For example, if a homeowner wants to varnish the floor of a bedroom, then there is no need to use expensive varnish, because in this room there is no special impact on the floor, which cannot be said about the corridor or kitchen.
- Technological features of the composition. An important factor here is the consistency of the substance and the method of its application.
- Product type. It is presented in the form of a transparent substance or has a certain tint.
- Gloss level. Here we mean matte or glossy.
As mentioned above, it is measured as a percentage.
- Resistance of the composition to various external influences: ultraviolet radiation, loads and other equally important criteria.
- Coating service life.
Parquet varnish can be divided into several varieties, R they will be discussed below:
Primer composition
Used to enhance adhesion to wood during the initial stage of processing. It is necessary if you want to obtain an even color scheme of the product, as well as to isolate the wood from moisture influences.
Using this composition, you can save a lot of money, because very little finishing coating is required. When choosing it, you should be especially careful - the substance must be suitable for the finishing component of the finish.
Water soluble composition
Consumers choose this particular composition most often, since the price-quality ratio is optimal. This substance contains not only water, but also various solvents and emulsifiers. Thanks to this, this product dries a little longer than its analogues.
These compositions have several varieties, differing from each other in the absence or presence of a percentage of solvents, which can be either 5% or 15%. Among the positive aspects of using this composition, it is worth noting the absence of any odor, as well as its non-flammability.
Negatives much more, but this fact has virtually no effect on the popularity of this product among consumers.
The disadvantages of using this composition include the following:
- At the time of application, such a solution is able to penetrate into all the cracks, which creates some inconvenience - a creaking sound appears in the floor. This nuance can be corrected by using a primer at the initial stage, which must contain water.
- Another disadvantage of using such a composition is poor wear resistance. It is possible to improve this characteristic at the production stage: manufacturers use special substances - additives - as additives to the composition. However, this water-soluble varnish can only be used if there is no high humidity in the room: manufacturers advise using this paintwork material when the level is less than 50%.
- When applying a water-soluble composition, rollers should be used: brushes and sponges are not advisable for this process.
Polyurethane
The main purpose of such a product is additional protection of the coating from external loads. The composition has high adhesion and dries quickly.
Additionally, it is worth noting other distinctive features of this material:
- Polyurethane compounds consist of either one component or two. Therefore, it is recommended to mix them thoroughly before application.
- In the production of such a substance, a solvent is used, as well as urethane or acrylic.
- When applying and drying the composition, it is necessary to ensure its protection - do not allow water or moisture to come into contact with the substance.
- The use of this product allows for the absence of an additional layer of primer.
- The composition is highly elastic.
- The composition can be used without special requirements for the temperature conditions of the room.
- During operation, the surface where the polyurethane varnish was applied will not be afraid of water.
Alkyd
In the production of this substance, manufacturers use natural ingredients - oil resins. They are wood components or flax substances. These components penetrate well into the structure of the wooden coating and reliably protect it throughout its entire service life.
Alkyd substances are quite toxic components; in their composition you can often see an ingredient such as white spirit.
It is worth noting several more distinctive qualities of this composition:
- When alkyd components are applied to wood, its texture becomes brighter, which enhances the natural beauty of the species.
- Using this varnish, the consumer will forget about the negative effects of moisture and mechanical stress.
- Alkyd coating differs from its analogues in that the solution is not fluid, so when applied, the varnish will not spread and get into all sorts of crevices. This means that there will be no problems with gluing wood to other materials.
- The moment of drying of such a composition should be accompanied by low temperature values, since the varnish is quite sensitive to elevated temperatures.
- Alkyd substances have a low level of wear resistance.
- This paintwork material should be applied to the wood structure in a thin layer, this must be carefully monitored.
Formaldehyde
The basis for such a substance is formaldehyde resins.
They are very harmful to the health of others, so during the application process it is necessary to use protective equipment - respirators.
The main characteristic features of the use of this composition are the following positions:
- such paintwork materials are the most wear-resistant;
- usually this composition is applied as a final coat to a wooden surface without the use of a primer;
- the substance adheres well to wooden surfaces;
- this composition is not afraid of temperature fluctuations and moisture;
- when applying this substance, you can use almost any tool: roller, brush and other objects;
- such compositions have an unpleasant, pungent odor;
- The composition of the varnish is thick, this must be taken into account, since there is a possibility of gluing the boards together.
- A water-soluble composition is perfect for bedrooms;
- the alkyd composition of the substance can be used for a living room, loggia or office;
- Formaldehyde substances are usually used in the corridor, hallway and kitchen.
Furniture
By using paints and varnishes for furniture, the home owner will receive not only great option protection from external factors, but also thereby emphasizes the natural texture of the wooden product.
This composition for wooden furniture can be divided into the following types:
- oil;
- alcoholic;
- alkyd;
- acrylic;
- nitrocellulose;
- epoxy;
- polyurethane.
Oil
This paintwork material can easily thicken during storage. Turpentine is usually used to dilute it. The application of such a composition should be carried out using a high-hardness brush; you can also use a sprayer.
After application, the wood coating will take quite a long time to dry, since the oil composition does not contain volatile solvents. To apply the second layer to the surface of the wood, you must wait until the first one has dried, after which it is recommended to clean the surface from dust and sand it. The process must be repeated before applying the third layer. The result should be a shiny, glossy surface.
The surface treated with this composition is not afraid of moisture, ultraviolet rays and elevated temperatures. To speed up the drying process of the composition, the treated product must be placed in a bright, ventilated room with a low level of humidity.
After drying, you need to ventilate the room until the unpleasant odor disappears. Experts advise polishing the surface to achieve maximum gloss levels.
To do this, use a swab soaked in alcohol. It can be made from a piece of cotton wool or wool the size of a chicken egg. Additionally, this material is wrapped in soft linen cloth. The lower part of the tampon is covered with a small amount of Vaseline or sunflower oil. Then perform circular movements on the surface until there are no dry spots left.
Alcoholic
This type of coating is produced using alcohol and natural resin ingredients.
The composition has the following distinctive characteristics:
- good adhesion;
- high strength to mechanical stress;
- excellent shine;
- the composition is not moisture resistant.
Typically, this composition is used for coating wooden surfaces that require polishing.
Alkyd
The basis for the production of this type of wood varnish is a solution of synthetic resins and solvent. The film formed after drying is transparent and hard. During the surface coating process, the color scheme does not change. This paintwork material is resistant to moisture and has excellent adhesive properties.
Acrylic
This composition is based on water and has good strength. Wood coated with such a coating does not change its color, and the texture of the wood species is completely preserved. However, it is worth considering the point that the composition is not moisture resistant, so the use of this finishing material in wet rooms is not recommended.
Polyurethane (polyester)
This substance is distinguished by the presence of polyesters and diisocyanates in its composition. It can be either one-component or two-component. Before application, the isocyanate and solution are mixed to obtain the required consistency for use.
These compounds are elastic and form a durable film. Additionally, it is worth noting that the coating is resistant to abrasion and mechanical stress. Furniture coated with this varnish will last for many years.
Nitrocellulose
The basis of this coating is resin with the addition of colloxylin and organic mixtures. Suitable for application to any wooden surface. The varnish is characterized by high strength, smooth surface and excellent decorative properties.
The optimal temperature at which the varnish will dry in about an hour is 20°C.
Once the composition is completely dry, it will become completely safe for human health.
Epoxy
This substance contains a solution of epoxy resin and organic solvents.
The advantages of this type of paintwork:
- resistance to moisture;
- mechanical strength of the material;
- high gloss parameters;
- harmlessness.
Among the disadvantages, it is worth highlighting the exact adherence to the preparation technology, since the composition is two-component and poor elasticity. The composition is used to cover parquet, doors, furniture, windows and floors.
Universal
There are many options for universal formulations. Below is an example of one of these varnishes.
Acrylic universal glossy varnish Kudo. This composition is necessary to give surfaces a decorative shine. Such surfaces include wooden, metal or plastic products. The composition is easy to apply even to the surface where there is a layer of paint. It is worth noting that the varnish is universal not only due to its ability to be applied to a wide variety of surfaces, but also because it can be used for both interior and exterior work.
The composition features the following characteristics:
- varnish can hide coating defects;
- provides reliable protection against abrasion;
- protects the product from mechanical influences;
- without a specific odor;
- the varnish is completely transparent;
- not afraid of moisture.
Varnish for outdoor use. This composition is distinguished by reliable protection of the surface from environmental factors; all individual characteristics each wooden covering.
It is worth noting that such varnish is quite expensive, however, due to the fact that the wooden surface will be under reliable protection, this fact can be ignored: over time, the cost of the finishing material will pay off.
Color spectrum
The main task of a paint coating is to create a durable coating and give it a color effect.
Using colored varnish has several advantages:
- protection from external factors;
- decorative function;
- the service life of the material increases.
Homeowners often purchase glossy varnish for their interiors - this applies to rooms that are quite dark. The clear look is one of the few examples where the natural structure of wood is emphasized through the application of varnish.
When choosing a specific color scheme, you need to understand that it has a huge number of shades.
For example, by covering a parquet board with walnut-colored paints and varnishes, you can get several different color effects. It can be beige, red, black or dark brown.
Home owners also like to use tinting compounds. They cover doors, furniture, and parquet. The wood gains an unsurpassed appearance, as well as resistance to mechanical stress. Blue stains, fungus and mold will not form on this surface.
Scope of application
As mentioned above, varnish can be used both for interior and exterior work. It all depends on the composition; you need to study it carefully before purchasing. Interior varnish can be used to paint wooden furniture, doors, floors and other household items.
Paintwork materials for exterior work are used for finishing the following structures and elements:
- building facades;
- furniture parts;
- gazebos;
- enclosing structures;
- wooden flooring;
- terrace designs;
- beams;
- log cabins
For application over large areas, you can use an aerosol paint in a can or spray. A representative of this type of coating material is bitumen varnish. It protects the surface from rotting, mold and mildew.
Consumption
The consumption of paints and varnishes depends on several indicators:
- Category of processed surface. If the wood is endowed with deep pores, then the consumption for it will be clearly higher than for a regular wooden covering. For example, ash and oak will require much more composition than beech or pine.
- Composition viscosity. The viscous composition does not spread over the surface, which means that much more of it will be required.
- The consumption of coatings also depends on the quality of surface grinding. It is worth noting that if the surface is sanded well, then less varnish will be needed.
- Method of applying paints and varnishes. Using a paint gun, you can save a lot on the amount of composition. Roller and brush use up a lot more varnish.
The average consumption of paints and varnishes is known: usually 1 liter of substance covers about 8-10 square meters of surface. When applied as a second layer, the coating can cover an area of 20 square meters. m.
Applying varnish in 2 layers guarantees color fastness and the required surface protection.
How to cover?
To varnish wood texture, use the following application technology:
- The old surface must be sanded using sandpaper.
- After this, you should sand the surface and remove dust from it.
It is worth polishing the surface more carefully, because the amount of paintwork materials depends on this.
- If tinting varnish is used, then you need to use stain.
- Then you need to apply a primer. In this case, you must follow all the rules for its use.
- The final step is to apply the varnish using a brush, roller or spray.
To make the process easier, apply the varnish using a roller.. The brush is suitable for hard-to-reach places. To ensure that no marks from the brush remain on the surface, you need to choose it with a slight fluff at the end.
As for the sprayer, it can cover large areas in a short period of time.
If you need to varnish the surface of wooden furniture, you should use two layers, and when treating the floor - three.
Manufacturers
Currently, there are many more manufacturers of paints and varnishes than a few years ago. This is due, first of all, to the active construction of new buildings and structures.
- Among domestic firms it is worth highlighting the Technocolor company. This manufacturer produces water-based acrylic and polyurethane compositions for wood. The color palette includes more than 50 shades, including white and even red paintwork. This manufacturer also produces other types of paints and varnishes, but in more limited quantities.
Often, a special wood material is used as interior decoration. Lining is a natural, environmentally friendly material. It has great features and looks great too. It is often used to decorate verandas and simple ones. Therefore, special requirements are placed on the material.
After all, a tree is “alive” natural material subject to aging. It is afraid of high humidity, sudden changes in temperature, and various biological pests. Under bright sunlight, the unique qualities of wood are quickly lost.
the surface is coated with varnish, which ensures the safety of the material and its properties.
Those who neglect such treatment may find chips, cracks, abrasions and banal dirt on it after a few years.
What are the benefits of treated wood texture?
- Preventing appearance and rot.
- Resistance to various mechanical damages.
- Protection from sun exposure.
- Increased fire resistance
- Aesthetics.
During installation, lining is often treated with various special-purpose compounds: drying oil, antiseptic, stain. The original appearance of the material changes slightly. Coating the top with varnish refreshes and ennobles it.
Choosing the right product
Types of varnish How and with what to cover the tree?
Before you start applying varnish, it is first better to familiarize yourself with their varieties.
The following types are considered the most popular:
- water soluble;
- alkyd;
- polyurethane;
- acrylic.
Representatives of all these groups can be used for interior finishing work: they do not emit harmful toxic fumes and are harmless to health. What are the features and performance characteristics of these products?
Water soluble
Water soluble Water-based varnishes are characterized by the absence of an unpleasant odor and fairly quick complete drying. They are completely non-toxic, making it possible to paint lining indoors without the use of protective equipment.
You don't even need a respirator. Such compositions are used exclusively for treating wooden surfaces.
All water-based compounds have a polyurethane or acrylic base. They may have different composition– two-component or one-component.
The latter contains only one base, while the two-component one also contains a hardener. Therefore, the characteristics of a two-component coating are better; the coating it makes is more durable and strong.
Acrylic
These varnishes help wood perfectly preserve its unique natural texture. They will be an excellent choice for finishing the surface of premises. In addition to improving the aesthetic qualities of the treated surface, they protect it from harmful influences, including sunlight. The composition of acrylic varnishes may differ slightly, so you must carefully study the instructions.
Following it, the compositions are diluted with ether, alcohol or water. The mixture dries almost instantly after application. Surfaces treated with acrylic-containing products do not tolerate excess moisture, so if dirt appears, it is better to refrain from trying to wash it off with water. For the same reason, acrylic-based varnish is not very suitable for use, for example, in the kitchen, where humidity is usually high.
Alkyd
They have almost all the characteristics of the previous ones, but plus they are not afraid of high humidity, and even moisture itself. Therefore, the surface treated with them can be washed without fear.
The ability to wash with water is very important, especially if you have children or pets.
The alkyd varnish coating is characterized by increased strength, protecting the wood even from significant mechanical influences: It prevents scratches, chips and other damage.
Great for use as a varnish. The disadvantages of this drug are the unpleasant odor when used, as well as the rather long time required for it to dry completely. It requires at least two days. But this drawback can be easily eliminated by adding a specially produced hardener.
Polyurethane
Polyurethane is often used for parquet The advantages of this group of varnishes are difficult to overestimate.
They not only protect the material from aging and harmful influences, giving it a spectacular appearance.
They allow it to acquire completely unique qualities that are completely uncharacteristic of the capricious natural material:
- high resistance to ultraviolet radiation;
- increased resistance to moisture;
- resistance to aggressive agents such as alkalis.
The remarkable characteristics of the drug determine its corresponding price.
The price for the group of polyurethane varnishes is noticeably higher than that of other groups. But you can use this varnish both inside the house and outside.
The nuances of using varnish
There are important features of the use of water-soluble varnishes, taking into account which you can obtain a more aesthetic and high-quality result.
- Don’t forget to do a bio-corrosion treatment before varnishing.
- Any type of varnish is best applied in at least two layers. This way you can achieve maximum strength of the protective film on the material.
- When working, the varnish composition needs regular stirring. This way its structure will be more uniform, it will lay down easier and more evenly.
finishing After covering the surfaces, at least five days must pass. There are no particular difficulties in the application process. The procedure is not at all difficult to perform on your own. But it is advisable to use the recommendations of experienced professionals for this.
What you will need for work:
- the actual varnish composition;
- container for it;
- large and small brushes and rollers;
- fine sandpaper;
- solvent, gloves, stepladder.
The surface is well cleaned, dust and dirt are removed. If there is an old coating, it must be removed. Old varnish can be easily removed with baking soda. The affected areas are treated with a disinfecting and bleaching solution. The material needs high-quality polishing. To do this, use a special grinding machine or regular sandpaper.
When all defects are removed and unevenness is smoothed, a layer of primer is applied to the surface, which fills the wood pores. After it dries, a special composition is applied, which helps to increase the service life of the wood. This is the so-called covering layer.
After about a day, no less, you can proceed directly to varnishing the house. It is better to use a brush made of natural bristles for this.
During use, individual hairs do not fall out of it, complicating the process and deteriorating the quality of work. The varnish must be mixed so that a homogeneous, uniform mass is obtained. Then it will lay down in a thin and even layer, and the coating will not have sloppy streaks.
After the initial varnish layer has completely dried, the surface is lightly sanded. After this, a second, final layer of varnish is applied, which may be colorless.
