Traditional Russian folk costume is clothing of Slavic culture. Russian national costume Folk costume in Rus'

Despite the change of names and political system, our country carries the ancient and special cultural values ​​of our ancestors. They lie not only in art, traditions, and characteristic features of the nation, but also in the national costume.

History of creation

Old Russian costume is considered to be the national clothing of the population of Rus' during the pre-Mongol invasion and Moscow Rus', before Peter I came to power. N and the formation of special features of outfits was influenced by several factors at once: close relations with Byzantium and Western Europe, with climatic conditions, activities of the vast majority of the population(cattle breeding, arable farming).

Clothes were made mainly from linen, cotton, wool, and they themselves had a simple cut and a long, closed style. But those who could afford it, decorated the modest outfit in every possible way with immodest decorative elements: pearls, beads, silk embroidery, embroidery with gold or silver thread, fur trim. The national costume was also distinguished by its bright colors (crimson, scarlet, azure, green shades).

The costume of the era of Moscow Rus' from the 15th to the 17th centuries retained its characteristic features, but underwent some changes towards a more intricate cut. The differences in the attire of the population were influenced by class division: the richer and more noble a person was, the more multi-layered his outfit was, and it was worn both indoors and outdoors, regardless of the time of year. Swinging and fitted clothes appeared, and Eastern and Polish culture had their influence. In addition to flax, cloth, silk, and velvet materials were used. There remains a tradition of sewing bright clothes and richly decorating them.

At the turn of the 17th – 18th centuries, Peter I issued decrees prohibiting everyone except peasants and priests from dressing in national costumes, which played a negative role in their development. The decrees were issued with the aim of establishing political relations with European allies and adopting their culture. The people were forcibly instilled with taste, replacing chic, but long-length and uncomfortable multi-layered clothes with more comfortable and lightweight pan-European ones with short caftans and low-cut dresses.

The Russian national costume remained in use by the people and merchants, but still adopted some fashion trends, for example, a sundress belted under the chest. In the second half of the 18th century, Catherine II made an attempt to restore some national identity to European costumes that had become fashionable, especially with regard to the materials used and the pomp of decoration.

The 19th century returned the demand for national costume, in which patriotism, growing due to the Patriotic War, played a role. Sundresses and kokoshniks returned to the everyday life of noble ladies. They were made from brocade, muslin, cambric. The emerging clothing, for example, the “women’s uniform,” may not outwardly resemble the national costume, but still had a certain symbolic division into “shirt” and “sarafan.” In the 20th century, due to being cut off from European suppliers, there was a peculiar return of national dresses, and in the second half, in the 70s, it was nothing more than a fashion trend.

Despite the fact that a certain traditional set of clothing can be distinguished, due to the large territory of the country The national costume took on characteristic features in certain regions. The North Russian set is word of mouth, and the slightly older South Russian set is ponyevny. In central Russia, the costume was more similar to the northern one, but there were features from the southern regions.

Sundresses were swinging and blind, had a trapezoidal style, and were sewn from one or several fabrics. Simpler sundresses are products with straps, straight cut. Festive ones were made of silk and brocade, and for everyday affairs and life - cloth and chintz. Sometimes a soul warmer was worn over the sundress.

The South Russian costume included a long shirt and a loincloth skirt - ponev. Poneva was worn over a shirt, wrapped around the hips and secured with a woolen cord at the waist. It could be either hinged or closed, and be complemented by an apron.

Each province had its own preferences and features in decoration, colors, elements and even names. In the Voronezh province, ponevs were decorated with orange embroidery, in the Arkhangelsk, Tver and Vologda provinces geometric symbols were common, and what was called “feryaz” in the Yaroslavl province was “magpie” in the Smolensk province.

The modern world has its own special fashion, but people are interested in the origins and national clothing. Traditional outfits can be seen in museums and sometimes at exhibitions; they are used for theater and dance performances, and at festivals. Many designers and fashion designers use the characteristic features of Russian folk costume in their collections, and some of them, like researchers, delve into detailed study, for example, Sergey Glebushkin and Fyodor Parmon.

Peculiarities

Despite the large differences in regions and even provinces, it is possible to identify common characteristic features of national Russian clothing: multi-layered, flared silhouette, bright colors, rich trim.

Multi-component attire was characteristic of all segments of the population. While the working people's costume could consist of seven elements, the rich nobles already had twenty. One garment was worn on top of another, be it swinging, blind, slip-on, with fasteners and ties. The national outfit is practically not characterized by a fitted silhouette; on the contrary, loose, trapezoidal styles are held in high esteem, and in most cases the length is floor-length.

The Russian people have long had a passion for bright flowers that bring joy. The most common are red, blue, gold, white, light blue, pink, crimson, green, gray. But besides them, each province had its own preferences in shades, of which there were a great variety: lingonberry, cornflower blue, smoky, nettle, lemon, poppy, sugar, dark clove, saffron - and that’s just a few of them. But black color was used only in elements of some regions, and then for a long time was associated exclusively with mourning attire.

Since ancient times, embroidery has had a sacred meaning for the Russian national costume. First of all, it has always acted not as decoration, but as a talisman, protection from evil spirits. Pagan symbolism did not fall into oblivion even with the advent of Christianity, but the ornaments acquired new elements, combining old Slavic and new church motifs. Protective amulets were embroidered on the collar, cuffs, and hem. The most frequently used color scheme was red threads on a white canvas, and only after that multicolor began to spread.

Over time, embroidery acquired a rather decorative character, although it carried themes of ancient ornaments and patterns. The development of gold embroidery art, embroidery with river pearls, and crafts, elements of which were transferred from dishes and furniture to clothing, also played a role in changing the meaning. The original Russian pattern assumes strict geometric shapes, almost complete absence of rounded elements, which was determined by the embroidery technique. The most common motifs and specific symbols: the sun, flowers and plants, animals (birds, horses, deer), female figures, huts, figures (diamonds, beveled cross, herringbone, rosettes, octagonal stars).

The use of elements of crafts, for example, Khokhloma or Gorodets painting, came into use later.

In addition to embroidery, the outfits of the nobility were decorated with buttons(wooden buttons entwined with gingham, lace, pearls, and sometimes precious stones), to lace and fur along the hem and neck, stripes, necklaces(embroidered with pearls, snap-on collar made of satin, velvet, brocade). Additional elements include false sleeves, belts and sashes, bags sewn to them, jewelry, muffs, and hats.

Varieties

The modern women's national costume is a kind of compilation of several characteristic features at once, because in fact there are a lot of types and variants of the original Russian costume. Most often we imagine a shirt with voluminous long sleeves, a colored or red sundress. However, although the simplified version is the most common, it is far from the only one, since many designers and simply folk artists return to the traditions of their regions, which means that various styles and elements come into use.

Costumes for girls and children are very similar to adult models and include shirts, blouses, trousers, sundresses, aprons, skirts, and hats. Very children's models can be sewn with short sleeves, for greater convenience, and, in principle, have the general appearance of a dress, but with certain national elements. For teenage girls, there is a greater variety of adult models, not only sundresses and shirts, but also fur coats.

Winter folk costume consists of a lot of heavy clothing. In addition to a warm woolen sundress, part of the outfit for the cold season is a short, swinging fur coat, opashen, soul warmer, padded warmer, fur coats, woolen stockings, warm hats and shawls. Richer versions contain natural fur.

Holidays

Stage costumes There are two types: those most similar to real national outfits (for the choir), in which the rules of tailoring are observed, and stylized ones, in which many traditional elements are present, but the necessary deviations are allowed. For example, outfits for round dance, Russian folk dance or other dance styles should, first of all, be as comfortable as possible, so skirts can be shortened, excessively fluffy, and sleeves not only long, but also ¾, “lanterns”. In addition, stage costumes, unless it is a theatrical production, are richly decorated and as bright as possible, attracting attention.

Wedding national costumes look especially elegant and luxurious. For the rich and noble, they were made from heavy, expensive fabrics, while the people could afford simpler ones, such as linen. White color was considered a symbol of holiness, so wedding dresses were made in other colors - silver, cream or multi-colored, elegant. The presence of embroidery of flora symbols - berries, leaves, flowers - was considered mandatory. In addition, the concept of wedding attire included four sets of clothes at once - for pre-wedding festivities, weddings, ceremonies and celebrations.

Folklore costumes are as close as possible to the originals. Craftsmen recreate costumes with the characteristic features of a particular region or province. Carnival costumes can be similar to folk costumes or, conversely, be simplified in many ways. However, festive outfits are undoubtedly bright and maximally decorated.

Modern style

National color is one of the special styles in fashion, because it involves the interweaving of modern fashion trends and traditional features in the culture of a particular people. Slavic and Russian motifs are loved not only by our compatriots, but also by some foreign designers. You can wear these clothes to any event and still look ultra-stylish and appropriate.

Russian national costume- a traditional set of clothing, shoes and accessories that has developed over centuries, which was used by Russian people in everyday and festive use. It has noticeable features depending on the specific region, gender (male and female), purpose (celebratory, wedding and everyday) and age (children's, girl's, married woman, old woman).

Despite the general similarity in cut and decoration techniques, the Russian costume had its own characteristics. Russian folk costume represents two main types - northern and southern. In northern Russia, peasants wore clothing significantly different from peasants in the southern regions. In central Russia they wore a costume similar in character to the northern one, however, in some individual areas one could see a costume with features of southern Russian clothing.

A distinctive feature of the Russian national costume is a large amount of outerwear. Cover-up and swing-out clothing. The cover-up garment was put on over the head, the swinging garment had a slit from top to bottom and was fastened end-to-end with hooks or buttons.

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✪ Russian folk costume

✪ Russian folk costume

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Men's clothing

The main men's clothing was a shirt or undershirt. Russian men's shirts of the 16th - 17th centuries have square gussets under the armpits and triangular gussets on the sides of the belt. Shirts were made from linen and cotton fabrics, as well as silk. The wrist sleeves are narrow. The length of the sleeve probably depended on the purpose of the shirt. The collar was either absent (just a round neck), or in the form of a stand, round or quadrangular (“square”), with a base in the form of leather or birch bark, 2.5-4 cm high; fastened with a button. The presence of a collar implied a cut in the middle of the chest or on the left (kosovorotka), with buttons or ties.

In folk costume, the shirt was the outer garment, and in the costume of the nobility it was the underwear. At home, the boyars wore maid shirt- it was always silk.

The colors of the shirts are different: most often white, blue and red. They were worn untucked and girded with a narrow belt. A lining was sewn onto the back and chest of the shirt, which was called background.

Zep is a type of pocket.

They were tucked into boots or onuchi with bast shoes. There's a diamond-shaped gusset in the step. A belt-gashnik is threaded into the upper part (from here cache- a bag behind the belt), a cord or rope for tying.

Men's Russian folk costume was less varied than women's. It consisted mainly of a shirt, usually a blouse, decorated at the collar, hem and ends of the sleeves with embroidery or weaving, which was worn over the pants and girded with a woven or woven belt.

Outerwear

Over the shirt, men wore a zipun made from homemade cloth. Rich people wore a caftan over their zipun. Over the caftan, boyars and nobles wore a feryaz, or okhaben. In the summer, a single-row jacket was worn over the caftan. The peasant outerwear was the armyak.

Two main types of Russian women's costume - sarafan (northern) and ponyovny (southern) complexes:

• Sarafan is folk Russian women's clothing in the form of a dress, most often sleeveless. Sundresses varied in fabric and cut.
• Poneva is a loincloth worn by girls who have reached the age of brides and have undergone initiation.
• Zapona is a girl's canvas clothing made from a rectangular piece of fabric, folded in half and having a hole on the fold for the head.
• Telogrea - fur-lined or fur-lined clothing with long tapered sleeves, fastened in front from top to hem.
• Privoloka is a sleeveless cape.
• Shushpan is a canvas caftan, with red trim, trim, and sometimes embroidered with garus.
• Letnik - ancient women's outerwear.

Outerwear

Women's outerwear was not belted and was buttoned from top to bottom. Women's outer clothing was a long cloth opashen, with frequent buttons, decorated at the edges with silk or gold embroidery, and the long sleeves of the opashen hung, and the arms were threaded through special slits; all this was covered with soul warmers or padded warmers and fur coats. Telogreys, if worn over the head, were called overhead ones.

Noble women loved to wear fur coats- a female type of fur coat. The fur coat was similar to the summer coat, but differed from it in the shape of the sleeves. The decorative sleeves of the fur coat were long and folding. The arms were threaded through special slots under the sleeves. If a fur coat was worn in sleeves, then the sleeves were gathered into transverse gathers. A round fur collar was attached to the fur coat.

Women wore boots and shoes. Shoes were made from velvet, brocade, leather, initially with soft soles, and from the 16th century - with heels. The heel on women's shoes could reach 10 cm.

Fabrics

The main fabrics were: horse and linen, cloth, silk and velvet. Kindyak - lining fabric.

The clothes of the nobility were made from expensive imported fabrics: taffeta, damask (kuftyr), brocade (altabas and aksamite), velvet (regular, dug, gold), roads, obyar (moiré with gold or silver pattern), satin, konovat, kurshit, kutnya (Bukhara half-wool fabric). Cotton fabrics (Chinese, calico), satin (later satin), calico. Motley is a fabric made of multi-colored threads (semi-silk or canvas).

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-1.jpg" alt=">Russian folk costume">!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-2.jpg" alt=">History of Russian folk costume Russian national clothing has a centuries-old history. General her"> История русского народного костюма У русской национальной одежды – многовековая история. Общий её характер, сложившийся в быту многих поколений, соответствовал внешнему облику, образу жизни, географическому положению и характеру труда народа. Одежда в те времена несла гораздо большую смысловую нагрузку, чем сегодня, являясь своеобразной визитной карточкой человека. Недаром существует поговорка о том, что «встречают по одежке…»: по костюму человека современники легко могли определить его происхождение, социальное, имущественное и семейное положение.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-3.jpg" alt=">Russian folk clothing differed: 1) By purpose Wedding or Everyday"> Русская народная одежда различалась: 1)По назначению Свадебная или Будничная Праздничная венчальная Траурная!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-4.jpg" alt=">2)By age Children's clothing Youth clothing Old clothes"> 2)По возрасту Детская одежда Молодежная одежда Одежда старых крестьян!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-5.jpg" alt=">As a rule, it was not the cut and type of clothing that changed, but its color, quantity"> Как правило при этом менялся не покрой и вид одежды, а её цветность, количество декора (вы - шитых и вытканных узоров). Самой нарядной во все времена считалась одежда из красной, синей ткани. Понятия «красный» и «красивый» были в народном представлении однозначны.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-6.jpg" alt=">Patterns, woven and embroidered, are made with linen, hemp, silk and woolen threads,"> Узоры, тканые и вышитые, выполняются льняными, конопляными, шелковыми и шерстяными нитками, окрашенными растительными красителями, дающими приглушенные оттенки. Гамма цветов многокрасочная: белый, красный, синий, черный, коричневый, желтый, зеленый.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-7.jpg" alt="> Decor Patterned weaving,"> Декор Для орнаментации домашних тканей использовались узорное ткачество, вышивка, набойка. Наиболее распространенные элементы орнаментов: ромбы, косые кресты, восьмиугольные звезды, розетки, елочки, кустики, стилизованные фигуры женщины, птицы, коня, оленя.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-8.jpg" alt="> Women's costume The main parts of the women's folk costume were a shirt, an apron, or curtain,"> Женский костюм Основными частями женского народного, были рубаха, передник, или занавеска, сарафан, понёва, нагрудник, шушпан.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-9.jpg" alt="> Women's shirt Women's shirt was sewn from white linen or"> Женская рубаха Женская рубаха шили из белого полотна или цветного шелка и носили с поясом. Она была длинной, до ступней, с длинными, собранными в низках рукавами, с разрезом из горловины разрезу, низкам рукавов ее украшали вышивкой или обшивали полосой отделочной ткани. Вышивка представляла собой сложные многофигурные композиции с крупным рисунком, достигавшим в ширину 30 см. , располагались они по низу изделия. Для каждой части рубахи было свое традиционное орнаментальное решение.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-10.jpg" alt="> Apron The most decorative, richly decorated part of both northern and southern"> Передник Самой декоративной, богато украшенной частью и северного, и южного русского костюма был передние, или занавеска, закрывающий женскую фигуру спереди. Обычно его делали из холста и орнаментировали вышивкой, шелковыми узорными лентами. Край передника оформляли зубцами, белым или цветным кружевом, бахромой из шелковых или шерстяных ниток, оборкой разной ширины.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-11.jpg" alt="> Sundress Canvas white shirts and aprons northern peasants"> Сарафан Холщевые белые рубахи и передники северные крестьяне носили с сарафанами. В XVIII – первой половины XIXв. Сарафаны делали их однотонной, без узора ткани- синего холста, бязи, красной крашенины, черной домотканой шерсти. Многоузорная и многокрасочная вышивка рубах и передников очень выигрывала на темном гладком фоне сарафана.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-12.jpg" alt="> Poneva By design, Poneva consists of three to five panels of fabric,"> Понёва По конструкции понёва представляет собой три – пять полотнища ткани, сшитых по кромке. Верхний край широко подогнут для вдежки шнурка (гашника), укрепляемого на талии. Последнюю иногда носили «с подтыком подола» . В этом случае ее орнаментировали с изнанки.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-13.jpg" alt="> Zapona outerwear Women's outerwear was zapona -"> Верхняя одежда Запона Верхняя женская одежда была запона - накладная накидка типа нарамники из грубого цветного холста, не сшитая по бокам. Запону шили короче рубахи. Носили ее с поясом и скалывали внизу.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-14.jpg" alt="> Dushegreya The short outer garment was the dushegreya, which"> Душегрея Короткой верхней распашной одеждой была душегрея, которая держалась так же, как и сарафан, на плечевых лямках. Полочки душегреи были прямые, спинка заложена трубчатыми защипами, вверху фигурный вырез мысом, к которому пришивались лямки. Душегреи надевали поверх сарафана, шили их из дорогих узорчатых тканей и обшивали по краю декоративной каймой. Будучи самобытной частью национальной одежды, душегрея неоднократно возвращалась в моду.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-15.jpg" alt="> Letnik Upper overhead clothing worn mainly by the wealthy"> Летник Верхней накладной одеждой, которую носили в основном состоятельные русские женщин, был летник. Он имел прямой покрой, расширенный внизу за счет боковых клиньев до 4 м. Особенность летника – широкие колообрзные рукава, сшитые от проймы до локтя. Ниже они свободно свивали до пола остроугольными полотнищами ткани, которые украшали вошвами- треугольными кусками атласа ли бархата, расшитыми золотом, жемчугом, металлическими бляхами, шелком. Такие же вошвы пришивали к вороту и спускали на грудь. Летник украшали также бобровым ожерельем-воротником, подкрашенным обычно в черный цвет, чтобы подчеркнуть белизну и румянец лица.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-16.jpg" alt=">A variety of the summer fur coat was an overhead fur coat, which differed from it in cut"> Разновидностью Шубка летника была накладная шубка, которая отличалась от него покроем рукава. Рукава шубки были длинные и узкие. По линии проймы делался прорез для продевания рук.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-17.jpg" alt="> Telogrea in silhouette, shape of details, fabrics resembled a fur coat, was"> Телогрея по силуэту, форме деталей, тканям напоминала шубку, являлась распашкой одеждой с пуговицами или завязками.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-18.jpg" alt="> Headdress In Russian folk costume, ancient"> Головной убор В русском народном костюме сохранились старинные головные уборы и обычай для замужней женщины прятать волосы, а для девушек оставлялась не покрытой. Этим обусловлена форма женского головного убора в виде закрытой шапочки и девичьего – в виде обруча или повязки.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-19.jpg" alt=">Kokoshniks, “assemblies”, various headbands and crowns are widespread. A married woman usually"> Широко распространены кокошники, «сборки» , разнообразные повязки и венцы. Замужняя женщина обычно закрывали волосы повойником их тонкой или шелковой сетки. Повойник состоял из дна околыша, который туго завязывался сзади. Поверх него носили полотняный или шелковый убрус белого или красного цвета. Он имел форму прямоугольника длиной 2 м. и шириной 40 -50 см. Один конец его расшивался цветным шелковым узором и свисал на плечо. Другим обвязывали голову и скалывали подбородком. Убрус мог иметь и треугольную форму, тогда оба конца его скалывались подбородком. Сверху богатые женщины надевали еще шапку с меховой оторочкой. Повязка Сорока Сборник!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-20.jpg" alt="> Shoes Women's shoes were leather ankle boots, cats trimmed at the top with red"> Обувь Женской обувью служили кожаные полусапожки, коты, отороченные вверху красным сукном или сафьяном, а также лапти с онучами и оборами. Украшения В качестве украшения использовали жемчужные, бисерные, янтарные, коралловые ожерелья, подвески, бусы, серьги.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-21.jpg" alt=">Men's suit The costume of the peasant of Kievan Rus consisted of ports"> Мужской костюм Костюм крестьянина Киевской Руси состоял из портов и рубахи из домотканного холста.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-22.jpg" alt="> Shirt Since the fabric was narrow (up to 60 cm),"> Рубаха Так как ткань была узкая (до 60 см.), рубаху выкраивали из отдельных деталей, которые затем сшивали. Швы украшали декоративным красным кантом. Рубахи носили навыпуск и подпоясывал узким поясом или цветным шнуром. Цвет основной ткани, был, как правило, яркий.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-23.jpg" alt="> The ports were sewn narrow, narrowed down to the ankle, tied at the waist"> Порты шились неширокие, суженные книзу, до щиколотки, завязывались на талии шнурком – гашником. Поверх них состоятельные люди носили еще верхние шелковые или суконные штаны, иногда на подкладке. К низу их заправляли либо в онучи – куски ткани, которыми обертывали ноги, завязывая их специальными завязками – оборрами, а затем надевали лапти, либо в сапоги из цветной кожи.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-24.jpg" alt=">Outerwear Outerwear was a zipun or caftan made of homespun cloth, wrapped around please"> Верхняя одежда Верхней одеждой служили зипун или кафтан из домотканного сукна, запахивающи йся на левую сторону, с застежкой на крючки или пуговицы; зимой – овчинная нагольная шубы!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-25.jpg" alt="> Zipun - swinging clothing with a semi-adjacent, widened silhouette with"> Зипун – распашная одежда полуприлегающего, расширенного книзу силуэта с застежкой встык. Длина его была от середины коленей и выше. Рукав узкий, до запястья. Пройма была прямой, рукав не имел оката.!}

Src="https://present5.com/presentation/3/15700577_362204878.pdf-img/15700577_362204878.pdf-26.jpg" alt="> The caftan, worn over a zipun, differed not only in decoration,"> Кафтан, надевавшийся поверх зипуна, различался не только отделкой, но и конструктивным решением. Некоторые кафтаны (обычный, домашний, выходной) были прямого, расширенного книзу силуэта и не отрезные по линии талии. Другие имели прилегающий силуэт с обрезной линией талии и широкой сборчатой нижней частью. Длина кафтана варьировала от коленей до щиколоток. Для их отделки использовались петлицы на груди и по боковым разрезам, металлические, деревянные, плетенные и шнура и сделанные из искусственного жемчуга пуговицы.!}

For many centuries, Russian national clothing has preserved the cultural values ​​of our people. The costume conveys the traditions and customs of the ancestors. Spacious cut, simple style, but beautifully and lovingly decorated details of the clothing convey the breadth of soul and flavor of the Russian land. It is not for nothing that the revival of Russian origins can now be seen in modern fashion collections.

The clothing of the ancient Slavs is the national dress of the population of Rus' until the reign of Peter I. The style, decoration, and image of the costume were formed under the influence of:

• The main activity of the population (farming, cattle breeding);
• Natural conditions;
• Geographical location;
• Relations with Byzantium and Western Europe.

The clothes of the Slavs were made from natural fibers (cotton, wool, linen), had a simple cut and length to the toes. The nobles wore bright colors (green, crimson, scarlet, azure), and the decorations were the most luxurious:

• Silk embroidery;
• Russian embroidery with gold and silver thread;
• Decoration with stones, beads, pearls;
• Fur decoration.

The image of clothing of Ancient Rus' began to emerge in ancient times, in the 14th century. It was worn by the tsar, boyars, and peasants until the 17th century.

Period 15-17 centuries. The Russian national costume retains its originality and acquires a more intricate cut. Under the influence of Polish culture, swinging and fitted clothing appeared among the Eastern Slavs. Velvet and silk fabrics are used. The noble princely and boyar classes had more expensive and multi-layered outfits.

Late 17th century. Peter I issues decrees prohibiting the wearing of national costumes by the nobility. These decrees did not apply only to priests and peasants. The decree prohibited sewing and selling Russian costumes, for which fines and even confiscation of property were provided. They were published by the Russian monarch in order to adopt European culture and strengthen relations with Europe. This measure of instilling someone else's taste had a negative impact on national development.

Second half of the 18th century. Catherine II tried to return Russian originality to the costumes of the European-style nobility. This was manifested in the fabrics and splendor of the outfits.

Patriotic War of the 19th century. The patriotic spirit of the population is rising, which has returned interest in the national clothing of the Russian people. Noble young ladies began to wear sundresses and kokoshniks. The outfits were made of brocade and muslin.

20th century Due to strained relations with suppliers from Europe, there was a return to the clothing style of Ancient Rus'. This manifested itself in fashion trends with elements of Russian style.

Species

Ancient Russian national clothing was very diverse and was divided into festive and everyday attire. It also varied depending on the region, social class of the owner, age, marital status and type of activity. But some features of the costume distinguished it from the clothing of other nationalities.

Features of Russian national clothing:

1. Multi-layered, especially among the nobility and women;
2. Loose fit. For convenience, they were supplemented with fabric inserts;
3. A belt was tied to decorate and hold clothing. The ornament embroidered on it was a talisman;
4. Clothes made in Rus' were all decorated with embroidery and carried a sacred meaning, protecting them from the evil eye;
5. From the pattern one could find out about the owner's age, gender, nobility;
6. Festive outfits were made from bright fabrics and richly decorated with trim;
7. There was always a headdress on the head, sometimes in several layers (for married women);
8. Each Slav had a set of ritual clothing, which was richer and more colorfully decorated. They wore it several times a year and tried not to wash it.

The decoration of Russian clothing contains information about the clan, family, customs, and occupations. The more expensive the fabrics and decoration of the suit, the more noble and rich the owner was considered.

Noble

The outfits of the princely and boyar classes maintained the Russian style in clothing until the end of the 17th century. Traditionally, it was distinguished by luxury and layering. Even the growth of territories and turbulent international relations did not change the national identity of ancient Russian clothing. And the boyars and nobles themselves stubbornly did not accept European fashion trends.

During the period of the 16th and early 17th centuries, the costume of the nobility became more diverse, which cannot be said about peasant clothing, which did not change for many centuries. The more layers there were in the outfit, the richer and more noble the owner was considered. The weight of the dress sometimes reached 15 kg or more. Even the heat did not cancel this rule. They wore long, wide clothes, sometimes open with a slit in the front. The outfits that emphasized the waist were beautiful. Ancient Russian women's clothing reached a mass of 15-20 kg, which made women move smoothly and majestically. This kind of gait was the female ideal.

Old Russian clothing of princes and boyars was made from expensive fabrics imported from Italy, England, Holland, Turkey, Iran, and Byzantium. Rich materials - velvet, satin, taffeta, brocade, calico, satin - were in bright colors. They were decorated with sewing, embroidery, precious stones, and pearls.

Peasant

Clothing of ancient Rus' is one of the ancient types of folk art. Through decorative and applied arts, craftswomen passed on the traditions and origins of Russian culture. The clothing of Russian peasants, although simple, created a harmonious image, complemented by jewelry, shoes, and headdress.

The main materials for sewing were homespun canvas or woolen fabrics of simple weaving. Since the mid-19th century, factory-made fabrics with bright colored patterns (silk, satin, calico, satin, chintz) have appeared.

Peasant clothing was highly valued; it was taken care of, altered and worn almost to the point of disrepair. Festive clothes were kept in chests and passed from parents to children. She wore it rarely, 3-4 times a year, and they tried not to wash it.

After long days of work in the field or with livestock, the long-awaited holiday came. On this day, the peasants put on their best clothes. Beautifully decorated, it could tell about the owner, his marital status, the area where he came from. The embroidery depicted the sun, stars, birds, animals, and people. The ornament not only decorated, but also protected from evil spirits. Russian patterns on clothes were embroidered on the edges of the product: neck or collar, cuffs, hem.

All costumes differed from each other in color, style and decoration. And they conveyed the natural features of their native land.

Military

The Russian professional army did not always have uniform uniforms. In ancient Rus', warriors did not have a single uniform. Protective equipment was selected depending on financial capabilities and methods of combat. Therefore, even in small squads, the clothes and armor of Russian heroes were different.

In ancient times, under protective gear, men wore a cotton or linen shirt, belted at the waist. On the legs were canvas harem pants (ports), which were gathered not only at the waist, but also at the ankles and under the knees. They wore boots made from a single piece of leather. Later, nagovitsa appeared - iron stockings to protect the legs in battle, and for the hands - bracers (metal gloves).

The main armor until the 17th century was chain mail made of metal rings. It resembled a long-skirted shirt with short sleeves. Her weight was 6-12 kg. Afterwards, other types of body protection appeared:

• Baidana (larger, thinner rings) weighing up to 6 kg;
• “Plate armor” - metal plates 3 mm thick were attached to a leather or fabric base;
• “Scaly armor” was also attached to the base, but resembled fish scales.

The armor of the warriors was supplemented on the head with a metal helmet with a spire. It could be supplemented with a half mask and aventail (chain mail mesh that protected the neck and shoulders). In Rus' in the 16th century, tegilai (quilted shell) appeared. This is an elongated quilted caftan with a thick layer of cotton wool or hemp. It had short sleeves, a stand-up collar, and metal plates sewn onto the chest. It was more often worn by poor wars. Such protective armor of Russian warriors existed until the 17th century.

Details and their meaning in clothing

Across the vast Russian territory, national clothing varied, sometimes even significantly. This can be seen in photographs and in museums. The depiction of people in Russian attire in the paintings conveys all the versatility and originality of ancient Rus'. The skillfully made jewelry of the craftswomen amazes with the complexity of the work.

Each region was famous for its decorative arts. If the nobility tried to have rich and original clothes that were not repeated by anyone, then the peasants decorated them with embroidery of natural motifs and invested their love for mother earth.

Male

The basis of ancient Russian men's clothing was a shirt and trousers. All men wore them. The nobility made them from expensive material with rich embroidery. The peasants had them made from homespun material.

Until the 17th century, trousers were wide, but later they became narrower and tied with a cord at the waist and ankles. The pants were tucked into the shoes. The nobility wore 2 pairs of trousers. The upper ones were often made of silk or cloth. In winter they were covered with fur.

Shirt

Another obligatory clothing of ancient Rus' for men was a shirt. For rich people it was an underwear item, and peasants wore it when going out without outer clothing (caftan, zipun). The shirt had a slit at the neck in the front or side, usually on the left (kosovorotka). The trim on the neck and cuffs was usually made of expensive fabric, embroidered or decorated with braid. Bright designs on the braid were in the form of plant patterns. The shirt was tied with silk or woolen cord, sometimes with tassels, and worn for graduation. Young people on the belt, older people - lower, making an overlap above the waist. He played the role of a pocket. Shirts were made from linen, silk, and satin fabric.

Zipun

A zipun was worn over the shirt. It was knee-length, with a belt and buttoned end-to-end. The narrow sleeves were fastened at the cuffs with buttons. A beautifully decorated collar was attached to the neckline. Zipun was most often worn at home, but young people sometimes wore it outside.

Kaftan

The nobles wore a caftan when going out. There were many styles, the common length being below the knees.

• More often the caftan was long, not fitted, with long sleeves. Butt fastened with 6-8 buttons. This ancient Russian clothing was decorated with a standing collar, decorated with embroidery and stones;
• They also wore a homemade wraparound caftan with buttons, metal or wood. In rich houses, gold buttons were used. Long sleeves were rolled up, but elbow-length options were more comfortable;
• Another style of caftan - chucha - was worn for riding. It had side slits and cropped sleeves for comfort;
• Polish culture in the 17th century influenced the appearance of the caftan, which fit tightly to the figure and flared below the waist. The long sleeves were voluminous at the shoulder and tapered greatly below the elbow.

The nobleman also had ceremonial clothing, its names were a cloak or a feryaz, which was worn over a caftan. The length of the outfits reached the calves or the floor; the dress itself was trimmed with fur or decorated with a fur collar. The wide shawl was fastened with one button. To sew the outfit, dark green, dark blue cloth or gold brocade was used.

Fur coat

If the caftan and furyaz were inaccessible to the peasants, then almost all segments of the population had a fur coat. Fur coats were made with the fur inside, expensive and not very expensive. Voluminous ones with large sleeves reached to the ground or were below the knees. Peasants wore hare and sheep fur coats. And rich, noble people sewed them from the skins of sable, marten, fox, and arctic fox.

Headdress

A mandatory attribute of Russian clothing was a fur hat, reminiscent of a high cap. Among the nobility, it was decorated with embroidery with gold thread. At home, boyars and nobles wore tafya, similar to a skullcap. When going outside, they put on a murmolka and a cap made of expensive fabric with a fur trim over the tafya.

Shoes

The most common footwear among peasants is bast shoes. Not everyone had leather boots, so they were very much appreciated. Instead of boots, peasants wrapped their feet tightly in cloth and sewed leather onto their feet. Boyars, princes, and nobles had the most common footwear in ancient Rus' - boots. The toes are usually turned up. Shoes were made from colored brocade, morocco and decorated with multi-colored stones.

Women's clothing

The main women's ancient Russian clothing was a shirt, a sundress, and a poneva. The formation of the folk costume of the southern regions of ancient Rus' was influenced by Ukrainian and Belarusian culture. The women's outfit consisted of a canvas shirt and a poneva (swinging skirt). On top, women put on an apron or cufflink and tied a belt. A high kick or magpie is required on the head. The entire outfit was richly decorated with embroidery.

The Slavic costume of the northern lands had a sundress shirt and an apron. Sundresses were made from a single cloth or from wedges and decorated with braid, lace, and embroidery. The headdress was a scarf or kokoshnik decorated with beads and pearls. In cold weather, they wore long fur coats or short shower jackets.

Shirt

Worn by women of all social classes, they differed in fabric and decoration. It was made from cotton, linen, expensive ones - from silk. The hem, collar and sleeves were decorated with embroidery, braid, appliqué, lace and other patterns. Sometimes dense designs decorated the chest area. Each province had different patterns, patterns, colors and other details.

Features of the shirt:

• Simple cut with straight pieces;
• The sleeves were wide and long, so as not to interfere, they wore bracelets;
• The hem reached to the toes;
• Often a shirt was made from two parts (the upper one was expensive, the lower one was cheaper, as it wore out quickly);
• Richly decorated with embroidery;
• There were several shirts, but smart ones were rarely worn.

Sundress

Ancient Russian women's clothing was worn until the 18th century in all segments of the population. They sewed things from canvas, satin, brocade, and silk. They were trimmed with satin ribbons, braid, and embroidery. At first the sundress looked like a sleeveless dress, then it became more varied:

• Deaf - sewn from one piece of fabric folded in half, a neck was made along the fold, decorated with bright fabric;
• Swing, oblique - appeared later and 3-4 fabrics were used for its sewing. Decorated with ribbons and patterned inserts;
• Straight, swing - sewn from straight fabrics, which were gathered on the chest. It was held on by two narrow straps;
• A type of straight one made of two parts - a skirt and a bodice.

Among rich women, a shushun sundress with flared bottoms was common. Extended sleeves were sewn onto it, but they were not worn. The shushun was fastened with buttons all the way to the bottom.

Poneva

The skirt is made of three layers of woolen fabric. They wove at home, alternating wool and hemp threads. A cellular pattern was created. Decorated with tassels and fringes. Young women decorated more brightly. Only married women wore it, sometimes with a shirt hanging from their belt. An apron or cufflink with a hole for the head was put on top of the skirt.

Outerwear:

• The flyer was sewn from a plain fabric and reached the calves in length. It was decorated with a fur collar;
• A shower warmer is a short garment, just below the waist, quilted with cotton lining. It was trimmed with bright fabrics, brocade, satin and fur. Worn by peasants and nobility;
• A fur coat sewn with fur inside was worn by women of all classes; peasant women had cheaper furs.

Hats

The Russian-style clothing is completed with a headdress, which was different for unmarried and married women. The girls had part of their hair open, and they tied ribbons, hoops, headbands, and openwork crowns on their heads. Married women covered their heads with a headscarf over their kiki. The headdress of the southern regions was in the form of a spatula and horns.

In the northern regions, women wore kokoshniks. The headdress looked like a round shield. Its solid base was decorated with brocade, pearls, beads, beads, and among the nobility - expensive stones.

Children's

There was little children's clothing, it was valued, and in appearance it looked like an adult outfit. The younger children carried the older ones to term. Just for little ones, it could be with short sleeves, for convenience it could even resemble a dress.

The first diaper a boy was born with was his father's shirt, and a girl's was her mother's. In ancient Rus', clothes for children were altered from parents' outfits. It was believed that the energy and strength of the parents would protect the baby from any illnesses or the evil eye of others. Shirts for boys and girls were no different; they were thick and long to the toes. The clothes were lovingly decorated with maternal embroidery, which was a talisman for the child.

At about 3 years old, children were sewn their first shirt from a new linen. And 12-year-old girls were entitled to a new poneva or sundress, boys - harpoon pants. For teenage children, the outfits were more varied; adult models were repeated: blouses, trousers, fur coats, hats.

Traditional clothing of Ancient Rus' has long gone into history. But the fashion ideas of designers look impressive in a modern outfit with elements of Russian style. Ethnic looks are in fashion now.

Dresses in Russian design attract with their modesty, restraint with a shallow neckline, medium length or almost to the floor. Russian patterns on clothes add sophistication and originality:

• Floral motifs on fabric;
• Hand embroidery of plant patterns;
• Sewing, appliqués;
• Decoration with beads, ribbons;
• Lace making, crocheting, knitting.

Trimming is done on the cuffs, hem, neck or yoke. Natural fabrics (cotton, linen) are very popular. And delicate colors (blue, beige, green, pistachio) convey femininity and purity. The style of a dress or sundress can be different, either loose or fitted with a slightly flared or “sun” skirt. Sleeves are long and short.

They complement the image in folklore flavor with jewelry, accessories (large earrings, beads, strap) and outerwear. This could be a vest, a coat or a warm fur coat, or a muff. A fur hat or brightly colored scarves on your head will complement the look. Fashion designers sometimes use a layering effect in modern outfits by changing the volume and shape of the sleeves.

Currently, Russian-style clothing sets for men, women, and children add national flavor to folk festivities and holidays. A new trend - a party in Russian folk style - brings guests back to Ancient Rus', to its traditions, round dances, and games.

Russian national clothing is the keeper of cultural roots. The artistic image has been preserved through many centuries. Nowadays there is a revival of interest in Russian traditions, holidays, and culture. New modern outfits are appearing that use elements of Russian costume.

Russian folk costume and its traditions are increasingly becoming a source of inspiration for modern designers. Fashion is constantly undergoing dramatic changes, turning to the past in search of new and fresh solutions. Shirts, skirts, dresses, sundresses are endowed with the features of national dresses that came from the mysterious times of Ancient Rus'. What did the women, men and children who lived in those centuries shrouded in mystery wear?

Unique Features

The history of Russian folk costume has been going on for many centuries. Natural conditions, hard field work from dark to dark, religious rituals - all these factors influenced the appearance of national costumes. Peasant clothing was characterized by maximum functionality. Shirts, ports, sundresses provided room for movement, did not cause inconvenience, and effectively saved from the cold. Work suits were devoid of buttons; people wore sashes and used wide bosoms as spacious pockets.

Constructiveness, practicality and simplicity did not at all force the inhabitants of Ancient Rus' to abandon bright colors in clothing. Ribbons, lace, appliqués in the form of squares and diamonds, and embroidery with colored threads were used as decoration. Russian folk costume often involved combining fabrics that differ in color. The patterns on the elements of the outfit adjacent to the body took on the function of a talisman that protected against evil spirits. Sleeves, hems, and collars were decorated with ornaments.

Men's clothing in different regions was not much different; it was characterized by monotony, while when looking at a women's suit it was easy to guess in which part of the country its owner lived.

Colors and paints

Dyeing of fabrics in Ancient Rus' was done using natural dyes. This is precisely the reason for the mysterious popularity of red. In those days, madder grew in almost all vegetable gardens; it was this weed that provided the peasants with paint. Therefore, Russian folk costume evokes associations with the color red, and not with green. Green silks supplied by the East almost did not penetrate into peasant life, and there were no natural dyes of this color.

In addition to red, white and blue colors were popular, which popular rumor, like red, endowed with protective properties.

Shirts for women

It is impossible to imagine a Russian folk costume (female version) without a shirt. It was worn by representatives of all classes without exception. The product was called a camp, its length was up to the hem of the sundress. Models of original styles with gathered sleeves were in use. They were popular with nursing mothers. Special outfits were created for funerals and weddings; shirts were divided into festive and everyday ones.

The main materials from which this element of women's clothing was created were wool, flax, and hemp. Particularly interesting are decorative ornaments that had a special meaning. The drawings most often depicted birds and horses, the tree of life and plant designs that paid tribute to the pagan gods. Red shirts traditionally acted as mascots. It was believed that they ward off troubles and drive away demons.

Shirts for men

Men's shirts were not particularly diverse. They were a structure assembled from two panels that covered the chest and back. Quadrangular fabric cuts located on the shoulders were used as a connecting element. The cut of the shirt remained unchanged, no matter what class its owner belonged to. The financial situation could only be determined by the quality characteristics of the fabric. Satin and silk are for the rich, linen is for the poor.

Shirts were worn untucked and were never tucked into trousers. Such things could be made in various colors. Woolen and silk products served as belts (sometimes there were tassels at the ends).

Shirts for children

The first Russian folk costume for a boy was his father's kosovorotka; the baby was wrapped in it. For newborn girls, the mother's shirt served as such a diaper. When creating children's outfits, sections of mother's or father's worn clothes were often used. This was done not out of economy, but to please the belief that the baby is saved from the evil eye by parental power.

It is impossible to see the difference in the appearance of the shirts intended for children of different sexes - these are absolutely identical shirts, reaching all the way to the floor. An obligatory decorative element is embroidery applied by the mother's hand. Drawings have always taken on the functions of protective amulets.

Reaching the age of three for children was marked by receiving a new shirt. Twelve-year-old boys were required to wear trousers in addition; girls were dressed in ponevas. In general, Russian folk costume for children was not much different from the clothing of adults.

Sundresses

When our contemporaries depict Russian folk costume, a women's sundress is most often seen. Peasant women began to wear this outfit from the 14th century; its final adoption in the wardrobe occurred only in the 17th century. The appearance of clothing depended on the area of ​​residence; fabrics, colors and cuts differed. The most popular option is a wide fabric panel, gathered in graceful folds, straps, and a narrow bodice. A sundress was worn on a naked body or over a shirt.

There were festive and everyday options. The first ones were worn at wedding feasts, church holidays were held in them, and folk festivals were attended. The bride's dowry had to include at least ten sundresses, made in different colors. The quality of the fabric depended on belonging to a certain class. Silk and velvet are an option for the rich. Such an outfit, lavishly decorated with lace, braid and embroidery, spoke of the high social status of its owner.

The Russian folk costume - a women's sundress - was also interesting for its weight. The holiday versions were incredibly heavy, and the everyday versions were not far behind them. The most common household outfit was called “sayan”; it looked like a satin product gathered on the sides and back. Color solutions depended on age. Older ladies preferred black and blue models, while young girls preferred burgundy and red tones.

The peasant woman's sundress told literally everything about her. Does she have a husband and children, what mood is she in (there were even special outfits “for sadness”).

Caps

It’s hard to imagine a Russian folk costume (men’s version) without a perky cap. This headdress, with a visor, reigned in the national wardrobe in the 19th century. Summer versions were made of velvet, plush, and cloth. The visors were covered with fabric or leather, and were made in an inclined, semicircular, or straight form. Options for the holiday were decorated with beads and ribbons, flowers (real and artificial).

This headdress gained the greatest popularity among retired officials, managers, and village landowners.

Ports

Men's ports were made from pieces of homespun cloth or canvas; the connecting part was a rhombic piece - the fly. Such trousers were gathered at the waist with a gasket. Russian folk costume for boys included ports from the age of 12. The color schemes were varied, the products were made from motley fabrics, home dyeing, and homespun. Higher quality fabrics were used to create “output” options, or vertical patterns were used to decorate homespun fabrics.

Somewhat later, trousers without a fly, equipped with wider legs, a belt and buttons, became an element of the holiday wardrobe. Pockets were often present. The appearance of pants gave ports the function of underwear.

Ponevy

Poneva can be called the great-great-grandmother of the modern skirt. This element of the wardrobe is older than the sundress that appeared later; it was traditionally worn over a shirt and complemented by an apron. The ancient “skirt” was present in the wardrobe of adult women. Russian folk costume for girls included it only upon reaching puberty. Most often, poneva was made of wool and consisted of several sewn pieces of fabric.

Colors and styles depended on the area of ​​residence. There were blind models, open on the side or front, hinged, with stitching. Gradually, they were almost completely replaced by sundresses.

Kokoshniks

From the ancient Slavic language “kokosh” is translated as “rooster and hen”. Kokoshniks were made on a solid basis and could take a wide variety of shapes. Their jewelry was very interesting - beads, pearls, beads, brocade. Wealthy ladies wore kokoshniks with precious stones. Kokoshniks cannot be seen when studying Russian folk costume for girls, because they were considered the exclusive prerogative of married women. Unmarried people wore the great-great-grandmother of today's bandana - the magpie.

The comb of the kokoshnik indicated that the woman belonged to a certain province. In the Siberian region, crescents have become widespread. In Kostroma, Pskov, Vladimir - arrowheads. Kokoshniks were regarded as family heirlooms and were inherited by the daughter from the mother, and were necessarily included in the dowry. They were not considered as an element of everyday wardrobe. These headdresses were intended for holidays; even brides wore them at weddings.

Kokoshniks are also known as a national amulet. They were decorated with symbols of fidelity and fertility.

Shoes

Russian folk costume - for children and adults - includes bast shoes, known as the most common shoes. Lapti were festive and everyday, worn at any time of the year with white cloth onuchs and canvas. The role of fastening was played by ropes, wrapping the shin crosswise over the ankles. Leather boots and felt boots were available to wealthy peasants.

The dream of young people and the rich were patent leather boots with hard tops in the shape of bottles. Soft tops, gathered into an accordion, came already in the 20th century. Women's and men's shoes did not differ much.

Modern look

Interest in the history of national costumes and the predominance of ethnic motifs can be clearly seen in modern fashion. Do-it-yourself Russian folk costume is created for carnivals and performances. Its features are often found in everyday outfits, not only in Russia, but also in other countries.

A striking example of attention to clothing “from the past” is the revived popularity of felt boots. Of course, these products bear little resemblance to their predecessors. They are decorated with leather inserts, bright beads, and colorful embroidery. These shoes are also worn abroad. Its popularity is not limited to the Russian Federation. Boots and shoes decorated with floral embroidery and sandals with a wicker platform won particular love.

Bright fabrics made in the style of a Russian scarf are also held in high esteem by famous fashion designers who are trying to reproduce Russian folk costume. Flowers serve as the main patterns, a large element is located in the center, small details are concentrated at the edges. There is a high level of interest in national lace. With its help, fashionable outfits acquire a slight exoticism, mystery, and romance.

World fashion owes to Russian culture the popularity of embroidery with colored threads and the demand for decorative cord, ribbons and beads. National appliqués, which are used in women's, men's and children's clothing, are especially widely known. In winter and autumn, traditional boyar hats, posad scarves, vests with fur trim, and sheepskin coats in national motifs are constantly seen on the streets.

"Russian" weddings

Russian-style weddings have been in great demand in recent years. Brides dress in white sundresses, decorated with national ornaments, and put on red kokoshniks. The outfits are complemented by hairstyles based on a classic braid, into which flowers and ribbons are woven. There is no doubt: wearing a Russian folk costume, you will get excellent photos.