People in the contemporary world can hardly imagine their lives without machines. Every day either a new gadget is invented or an old one is improved. Different people appreciate new inventions differently. Some suppose that sophisticated gadgets are really useful and necessary, while others find them absolutely awful as they influence people badly. As for me, I am pretty sure that gadgets make people`s lives easier.
Firstly, they do all kinds of dirty and hard work, as cleaning. Secondly, devices can save a lot of time as well as storage space. For instance, a computer disk can contain the same amount of information as several thick books.So, machines help people in different spheres.
However, opponents of this point of view are definitely sure that gadgets affect people negatively. People are reluctant to work due to the influence of machines. People become lazy and disorganized. They just expect their latest gadgets to do everything instead of them. Moreover, according to scientists, a great number of widespread devices produce radiation that can cause serious health problems. Furthermore, more and more people are becoming addicted to their modern gadgets, for instance computers, TVs or mobile phones. So, they neglect their home obligations, work or school and spend all their spare time in front of a laptop screen or a TV-set.
In conclusion, I strongly believe that in spite of all drawbacks, gadgets have, their benefits are much more significant, as they save people`s time and let them enjoy life.
Translation:
Modern man can hardly imagine his life without cars. Every day, new devices appear or existing ones are improved. People have different attitudes towards new inventions. Some believe that sophisticated gadgets are actually useful and necessary, while others believe that they are terrible because of their negative impact on people. As for me, I am absolutely sure that new devices make our lives easier.
Firstly, they do all the dirty and hard work such as cleaning. Secondly, the devices save both time and space. For example, a computer disk can hold as much information as several thick books. So, machines help people in different fields of activity.
However, opponents of this point of view are absolutely sure that new inventions have a negative impact on people. People don't want to work because of the influence of devices. They become lazy and disorganized. They are waiting for their latest inventions to do everything for them. Moreover, according to scientists, many widely used gadgets contain radiation that can cause serious health problems. In addition, more and more people are becoming dependent on the computer, TV or mobile phone. They ignore their household responsibilities, studies or work and spend all their time in front of the laptop or TV screen.
In conclusion, I believe that despite all the disadvantages, the advantages of gadgets are much more significant as they save time and allow people to enjoy life!
Kamenskaya Tatiana
Comments back to Why use information technology in education? disabledWhy does a teacher need to spend time mastering new technologies? Why are these technologies needed at all if for decades everyone got along just fine without them?
Teachers are often quite critical of new technologies. They don’t want to change anything, don’t consider it necessary to spend time and effort on mastering them, and - most importantly - don’t see the need to use ICT.
Many people consider technology unreliable. Programs freeze, Wi-Fi becomes unavailable at the most inopportune times, passwords are lost, and everything just doesn’t work as it should. All this has its place, but, nevertheless, technology can give us a lot of advantages if we learn to use it wisely.
There are many reasons for using technology in education, and very good reasons, and in this post I would like to list some of them.
Technology saves time. If you automate something you have to do over and over again, you will free up a huge amount of free time. For example, you can record a video explaining the material so you don't have to explain it in class. Assign students to watch the video and, if necessary, take notes for homework, and spend time in class with practice assignments and discussion of difficult points. Using voice-over recording tools like Kaizena, you'll save a lot of time because you no longer have to handwrite comments on your work; you can simply dictate them. Many have an automatic test checking function, which saves the teacher from a lot of routine work.
Technology allows us to take collaboration to the next level. A huge number of tools now enable collaboration, allowing participants to join work wherever they are, at any time convenient for them. Your students can work collaboratively with each other and with you. You can collaborate and share experiences with teachers around the world using social networks and video conferencing software.
Technology allows for a personalized approach. The traditional classroom system means that all students in the same class do the same tasks at the same time and receive the same homework. This is a common learning model, but not the only one possible. Moreover, it is not always optimal. Thanks to new technologies, students can work at their own pace. So, if they listen to a lecture recorded by a teacher at home, they can pause and re-listen to difficult moments or the entire lecture as many times as necessary.
There is no need for everyone to work with the same material in the same depth. For example, you are studying some historical period. There is a minimum - a certain set of dates, names and facts - that all students need to know. Further, depending on interests and preferences, each student can study in detail one area, for example, music, literature or medical discoveries of that era. After studying a topic, you can give a test to check whether students have learned the minimum required. Next, to demonstrate their knowledge, students can create an interactive poster, animated video, digital story, or infographic to highlight what they have researched further.
Technology allows students to learn how to work independently. When students watch and take notes on educational videos, they begin to understand exactly how they learn best. They don't have to wait for the material to be distributed in class, as everything can be downloaded at any time from or. Not to mention, many technologies, such as services like Quizlet, allow students to create their own study materials. In the process of independent work, students acquire valuable skills that will be useful to them for future studies. The world is becoming more and more information-rich and is changing faster and faster, which means that they will need to learn and relearn throughout their lives. The sooner they learn to do this effectively, the better.
The use of modern technologies in the classroom contributes to the development of information literacy. Technologies penetrate into various areas of our lives. In many professions, even those seemingly not directly related to IT, the ability to competently use technology becomes a necessity. There is a point of view that modern students belonging to the class will be able to figure everything out themselves. But this is not entirely true. Most will learn only the simplest things, mostly related to consuming content rather than creating it.
In addition, there are things that many of them have not heard of, and which they will probably want to know more about, for example, . Not to mention the fact that not all children (and judging by some pages on social networks, not all adults) have heard about such things as security and privacy on the Internet, and do not think about how the “digital footprint” may affect their future lives.
Technology can increase motivation and engagement. Technology allows us to make traditional tasks more interesting and interactive. Of course, you can test your knowledge simply by taking a survey or written test. But you can also organize it using the Kahoot service, which, thanks to sound and graphics, makes the knowledge test look like an exciting game. Why not take advantage of this opportunity?
New opportunities for children with special needs. Here I mean not only those who, due to psychological or physical characteristics, find it difficult to cope with the school curriculum, but many others. For example, athletes who devote the lion's share of their time to training; child actors who often leave for filming; those whose parents often move or live in two countries; gifted children who would like to devote more time to additional activities; children who require frequent hospitalizations. Technologies make the learning process more flexible, providing the opportunity to study anywhere, at any convenient time, which is extremely important in situations where traditional learning becomes difficult.
Technology opens up new perspectives. Now any of us can do for free or for a very moderate amount what would have required huge financial investments and serious connections for a couple of decades. We can record and produce our own radio show, communicate with people from different countries and experts in various fields, and broadcast among thousands of people.
The writer no longer needs to look for a publishing house that would notice and publish him. An artist no longer needs a gallery to sell his painting. In order to create your own website, minimal technical skills are now required. In order for your video to become available to millions, you just need to post it on. Technologies give us opportunities that we couldn’t even dream of 10-15 years ago, and they expand our horizons. This is very important for teachers, since they have always been constrained by a lot of restrictions regarding professional growth, earning additional income, and self-expression.
Thanks to technology, there are fewer and fewer restrictions, and more and more opportunities. So why not use them?
Technology and philosophy of technology. The term " philosophy of technology" was introduced E. Kappom, whose book “Foundations of the Philosophy of Technology” was published in Germany in 1877. One of the founders of the philosophy of technology in Russia is a Russian engineer PC. Engelmayer(1855-1942) at the beginning of the twentieth century published the book “Philosophy of Technology”, where he tried to present the origin of this new branch of philosophical science. However, only in the 70s of the twentieth century was a program for the philosophy of technology as an independent philosophical discipline formulated, since technology became a factor determining the future of humanity, and its further ill-considered development would be a tragedy for world civilization. A need has arisen for a critical philosophical analysis of the results of technical activity and the prospects for its development.
Among the leading philosophers of technology of the twentieth century - F. Dessauer, H. Lenk, L. Mumford, H. Ortega y Gasset, M. Heidegger, O. Spengler, K. Jaspers. Among Russian researchers of the philosophy of technology, the most famous are V.G. Gorokhov, B.I. Ivanov, B.I. Kudrin, I.A. Maizel, A.I. Rakitov, V.M. Rozin, M.A. Rozov, V.S. Stepin, D.M. Fedyaev, V.V. Cheshev, S.V. Shukhardin, etc.
Main questions philosophy of technology:
* What is technology?
* What can it give a person and what does it deprive him of?
* What are the trends and social prospects of technical activities?
* What is the nature of the modern technical and information technology world?
Philosophy of technology- a very developed direction of modern philosophy, but to this day a detailed theoretical concept of technology and technical development has not yet been created, there is not even a thoroughly developed system of basic concepts. This also applies to understanding the technology itself.
Concept “ technique” in the system of philosophy has undergone a long evolution. Thus, ancient philosophers included agriculture and hunting, navigation and healing, weaving and weaponry, theatrical art, etc. in the field of “techne”. The Greek "techne" is translated as art, skill, skill. For Greek civilization techne as a condition for human development is of a humanistic nature, at the same time the Greeks also noticed the danger of technology for humans. Sophocles wrote about the monstrous power that technology gave to man and placed him between good and evil. Thought Sophocles sounds surprisingly modern.
In the XVII - XVIII centuries. The Latin “technica ars” (the art of skillful production) passes into French as “technique”, and into German as “technik”. A classical understanding is gradually emerging technology as a collection of artificially created objects, primarily tools and machines. Technology, unlike nature, is not a natural formation; it is created by man. A man-made object is often called artifact(Latin “artifactum” - artificially made). The technique is a first approximation and can be defined as a collection of artifacts.
However, it is not enough to define technology simply as a collection of artifacts. An indispensable condition for the emergence and development of technology is technology. It is inextricably linked with technology as a specific method, like a specific algorithm functional connection between man and technology. The less developed technology is, the more technological functions fall to humans and vice versa.
Initially, at the stage manual labor, technology had mainly instrumental significance; technical tools continued, expanding the capabilities of human natural organs, increasing his physical power. At the stage mechanization technology becomes independent by force, labor is mechanized. Technology, as it were, is separated from man, who himself becomes an appendage of the machine, he complements its capabilities. At the third stage of technology development, as a result of comprehensive development automation strength is already coming to the fore intelligence human, realized through technology. There is a unification of science and technology, the consequence of which is scientific and technological progress, the current stage of which is often called scientific and technological revolution.
In the process of understanding modern scientific and technological progress, the content of the concept of “technology” is developing. One of the directions of modern domestic philosophy of technology, headed by V.G. Gorokhov, includes in the concept “ technique”:
A set of technical devices, artifacts- from the simplest tools to the most complex technical systems;
Specific area knowledge- from specialized recipe and technical knowledge to theoretical scientific, technical and systems knowledge;
Human domain activities aimed at creating technical devices and their operation;
Totality skills and abilities of a person, constituting the characteristics of one or another type of human activity, the art and skill of a person in this activity.
Thus, the philosophy of technology seeks to combine the narrow and broad understanding of technology. IN in the narrow sense technology is a set of artifacts created and used by engineering methods.
In more broadly understood technology acts as a special, technical approach to any sphere of human activity, as found in V.G. Gorokhova. However, in this case, the concept of “technology” includes in its content technology, which does not allow us to “separate” these concepts with sufficient clarity. In the following presentation we will understand technology, first of all, in its narrow sense.
Unity of man and technology. There are a large number of approaches to assessing the phenomenon of technology. According to naturalistic approach, man, unlike animals, lacks specialized organs, so he is forced to compensate for his shortcomings by creating technical artifacts. According to volitional interpretation of technology, man realizes his will to power through the creation of technology and technological chains. IN rational approach technology is considered as a consciously (rationally) regulated human activity.
It is not difficult to see that each of these approaches emphasizes the humanitarian, “human” characteristics of technology in its essence. Therefore, technology cannot be placed only in a system of natural laws, it cannot exist outside and apart from social relations.
Firstly, the very existence of technology is caused by the need to satisfy precisely social needs: production of material assets, provision of services, etc. Secondly, it puts technology into operation, interacts with it, and services it Human. That's why It acquires its own quality of technology only in the “man - technology” system. These kinds of features are typical for any type of equipment: industrial, transport, medical, office, etc.
Thus, technology contains a more or less developed social component, a personal factor. Therefore, the development of technology depends, firstly, on development of man as its potential member. Secondly, the development of technology is determined by the development of society, therefore the social component is integral component her essence. This clearly shows the process socialization of technology.
However, it is necessary to take into account the other side of the process - "technification" of man. While our ancestors from distant human prehistory confronted nature on their own, they were no different from the great apes. When they begin to confront nature with the help of a system of artificial tools - primitive technology, they become human. Therefore we can say that just as a person creates technology, so technology creates a person, human relationships.
Technology acquires its own technical quality only in interaction with the person who operates it. Therefore, the object of an engineer’s professional activity is not just technical systems as artifacts created by man, but “man-technology” systems.
In this aspect, it becomes necessary to know what human qualities are decisive for the most effective functioning of technical systems. This kind of research is carried out within the framework of engineering psychology, ergonomics and a number of other sciences. Philosophy here plays, first of all, a methodological role, defining the most general approaches to solving the issues under consideration. It turns out that the dispute between biologization And sociologizing acquires a purely applied technical significance, because it forms the tasks of the designer of technical systems in different ways.
The methodological and technical significance of modern philosophical anthropology is manifested, first of all, in the fact that it orients the engineer to take into account both the biological and social qualities of a person. Indeed, the theory and practice of low-frequency amplifiers has become necessary, in particular, because the human ear is not able to directly perceive a high-frequency signal. This specificity of the correspondence between a person and a technical device in a single system “man - technology” is precisely taken into account in special branches of technical sciences.
The social aspects of man acquire technical significance not only because each technical device is designed to achieve certain social goals. The social quality of technology is also revealed in the fact that the design engineer, creating a technical device precisely as a component of the “man - technology” system, actually designs an algorithm for human activity in a specific technical situation.
The approach to the relationship between man and technology, formed in modern philosophical literature, allows us to consider them as universal pair categories social philosophy.
Technocratic optimism and technopessimism. In 1972, the publication of The Limits to Growth, the first report, caused an international sensation. Club of Rome based on the results of a study led by an American scientist D. Meadows. The report overturned all previous ideas about stability and prosperity, about the goals and prospects of human existence. The conclusion of the report: humanity is confidently heading towards a global catastrophe, which can only be avoided by taking measures to limit the growth of production, extraction and processing of natural resources. “The Limits to Growth” showed that growth cannot continue indefinitely, that humanity must abandon quantity in favor of quality.
For a quarter of a century, scientists from different countries, on the initiative Club of Rome About 20 reports have been prepared on the study of global problems of our time. These reports drew the attention of the world community not only to the immediate threats to nature that come from narrowly understood technological progress. They posed the problem of changing the person himself, his consciousness, perception of the world, his value orientations. To a certain extent, the warning of the Russian philosopher came true V.V. Rozanova(1856-1919), made by him at the beginning of the twentieth century: “Technology, having joined the soul, gave it omnipotence. But she crushed it. A “technical soul” appeared... And inspiration died..."
By the middle of the twentieth century, problems of this kind were being understood in technocratic concepts, or, as they are called differently, concepts technocratic optimism. In a social utopia T. Veblen(1857-1929) “Engineers and the Price System” technical specialists were presented as selfless servants of the idea of social progress.
In the works J. Galbraith“New industrial society” and “Economic theories and goals of society” (60-70s) formulated the concept “ technostructures” as the hierarchy of technical specialists emerging in society - from the ordinary technician to the head of a complex technical complex. In his opinion, technostructure acts as “a carrier of collective intelligence and collective decisions.” For a long time, technicist forecasts were considered quite realistic, because they were based on a powerful stream of scientific and technological development. However, this development has led to the exacerbation of many social problems.
Therefore the concepts technocratic optimism began to be perceived and assessed critically. This kind of assessment was contained in a number of dystopias("Utopia 14" K. Vonnegut, "451 0 Fahrenheit" R. Bradbury,"Oh Brave New World" O. Huxley, "1984" J. Orwell"We" E.I. Zamyatina etc.), which showed that sophisticated technology begins to dominate a person, suppressing his individuality and freedom.
Philosophical criticism of technocracy proceeds from the fact that Absolutization of the role of technology and engineering is unacceptable. Therefore, modern philosophy considers it relevant and necessary to discuss the ethical and moral aspects of technical and engineering activities. Well-known representative of the German “philosophy of technology” A. Huning writes: “Never before in history has man been entrusted with such a great responsibility as today, for never before has he possessed such great power, which has increased many times over thanks to technology, over other living beings and even over all life on Earth. Today, man, on a regional or even global scale, can destroy his own species and all higher forms of life, or at least cause enormous damage.”
Indeed, technology has now acquired relative independence, and it is difficult to determine who serves whom: technology to man or man to technology?
Speaking about the nature of technology, Heidegger often spoke about bringing out what was hidden. It seems strange: what is hidden in the fact that a car requires a good road and a garage? However, man has turned into something that fulfills the requirements of technical reality, which develops according to its own objective laws, using man as an ant uses a needle.
Interesting analogies are drawn by the founder of the new theory of technology (which he called “technetics”) B.I. Kudrin in relation to modern garage construction: a technical product appeared - a car, which required a multi-story structure to ensure acceptable climatic conditions while the car was resting; hygienic installations in the form of shower devices with shampoos and solvents. Auto, as an individual, is picky about what it eats. On this basis, stratification into rich and poor is realized. The car began to put forward aesthetic demands on housing, completing the transition from a primitive “shell” to a multi-story brick mansion with pseudo-Gothic elements. The owner of a car often gives a gift not to his beloved, but to the car.
Consequently, the technical reconstructs the surrounding world in a direction favorable to itself. It objectively manifests its needs, which a person inevitably satisfies.
Currently, the degree to which each person’s vital needs are met determines the development technology And technologies. The more perfect they are, the higher quality and more reliable products can be manufactured, the better the development of all industries, the more prosperous each person and the state as a whole live. Therefore, the main task at the current stage of development of society is to improve equipment and technology .
During the development of human society, equipment and technology have gone through a complex path from primitive tools to complex devices that replace human physical labor with machine labor (Fig. 1), from individual simple operations to modern methods of processing materials and manufacturing products.
Hereafter, under the term technique we will mean a set of machines, mechanisms, and other devices used to create useful things.
Technology (from Greek techno- skill, skill, art and logos - science) - this is a set of techniques and methods, or, in other words, types of work that a person uses to make useful things.
Rice. 1.
Under the term useful thing refers to a product that is manufactured and used by a person to satisfy his own needs.
Rice. 2. Useful things: a - made at home; b - manufactured at industrial enterprises (from left to right)
Yes! All these things were created as a result of the painstaking and persistent work of man.
Human activity aimed at producing useful things or performing useful work is calledlabor .
The process of a person using his labor to produce a specific product or perform useful work is called technological activities. It can be performed at home or in industrial enterprises. At home, this means making household goods, repairing furniture, as well as preparing food, digging beds, planting trees, looking after animals, and performing other household, repair and housekeeping work. technological innovation christensen market
In industrial enterprises, human technological activity is aimed at the extraction of raw materials, their processing and the manufacture of products from them. For example, various structural materials are first made from wood: boards, rails, whetstones, etc., and then products necessary for humans are made from them. Extracted iron ore, oil, and gas are processed and certain products are produced from them. Metal is smelted from iron ore, gasoline, various oils, etc. are produced from oil, polymer materials (plastics) are produced from gas. Agricultural products are raw materials for food (Fig. 3) .
The activities of an enterprise aimed at converting raw materials or materials into useful things (products) are called production process .
Rice. 3. Industrial enterprises: a - production of products from wood materials; b - oil production; c - iron ore mining; g - metal melting; d - cultivation of agricultural products; e - plastic production (from left to right, top to bottom)
In everyday life, a person uses a variety of useful things - the results of your work. To make housework easier, they use food processors, meat grinders, vacuum cleaners, washing and sewing machines, and other household appliances. For the convenience of using different things and storing them, cabinets, tables, and bread bins are made. Everything that a person uses is the result of his technological activities. Consequently, labor is an integral component of technological activity.
At the same time, performing certain types of work, for example, making a souvenir from wood and finishing it, are several separate types of technological activities. Each of them is characterized by performing a specific job. To make a souvenir, it is necessary to develop a drawing of the future product, select the material for its manufacture, mark the workpiece, manufacture and decorate the product, etc.
The type of technological activity aimed at performing a specific job is calledtechnological operation .
In the modern understanding, technology means a description of methods for performing certain types of work, their sequence, a list of tools, devices, materials and other information required for this, the possession of which makes it possible to manufacture a product. Such data is noted in a special technological document called technological map.
Disruptive Innovation/Technology by Christensen Clayton Christensen Clayton coined the new term “Disruptive Innovation/Technology” (precisely a term because it described a previously known effect). In his book: The Innovator's Dilemma, he concluded that “...the most successful companies are often the most vulnerable to new or emerging technologies. Clay Christensen coined the term "disruptive technologies" to describe new products that cause panic in an established market. Andy Grove called it the "Christensen effect" and Forces magazine called it a "back door attack." Disruptive technologies offer new versions of existing products. They are “easy to use, cheap and not high quality,” Christensen argued. Typically, their production involves a reduction in profitability and profitability. Since there are few firms willing to launch low-margin, low-margin new products, it is not surprising that the success of disruptive technologies often comes as a complete surprise to incumbent big companies. In his book The Innovator's Dilemma, Clay Christensen tried to figure out where many of the most successful companies stumble. His research confirmed that it is the success of the company that often becomes the main reason for subsequent mistakes. “They often fail,” Christensen argued, “because the very management practices that allowed them to become industry leaders prevent them from developing disruptive technologies that end up stealing their markets.” "Disruptive technologies" or Christensen's "disruptive innovations" are almost always the result of some kind of technological innovation that creates new products or services that can replace existing technologies and change market dynamics. The concept of a strategic inflection point is much broader because it can be caused by non-technological factors or events (think about what Prohibition did to the liquor industry). However, both of these phenomena have the potential to derail any company almost instantly. The following are examples of disruptive technologies and the sustainable technologies they challenge or replace: sustainable technology - disruptive technology; horses and carriage - cars; real bookstores - online bookstores; higher business schools - corporate universities; regular textbooks - electronic textbooks; traditional photography on 35mm film - digital photography; multi-volume printed encyclopedia - Wikipedia. In the final pages of The Innovator's Dilemma, Clay Christensen's Reader's Guide advises managers that corporations should "place responsibility for introducing disruptive technologies on those organizations whose demand for their products provides them with resources." In addition, he pointed out that disruptive technologies should not be lumped together with other sustainable traditional products. Instead, he urged corporations to “create separate organizations for them, small enough to be interested in small profits.” Next, Christensen advised managers to “plan for failure.” He urged leaders not to expect “to be right the first time.” Instead, he suggested that managers consider turning disruptive technologies into commercial products. This will help them learn ‘lessons learned’ and make course corrections when necessary.”
Why is technology needed?
Technology lessons are life lessons. This school subject gives students the knowledge and skills that are necessary every day in everyday life. Technology in school is a very necessary subject. It allows students to “take a break” from the exact sciences, to work more with their hands than with their heads, although in this matter a clear mind will not hurt, but only help. It is also known that the nerve endings of the brain are located at the tips of the fingers, therefore, by working with our hands, we develop our mind.
By engaging in different types of activities in the classroom, students have the opportunity to try themselves in different creative professions and understand what attracts them in life. But the most important thing that the subject brings is the possibility of creativity. Nowadays, touching the beautiful, creating a beautiful thing with your own hands, giving someone a gift with your own hands is truly a breath of air in the technogenic world.
The main goal of the educational subject “Technology” is to prepare students for an independent working life.Theory and practice give birth to new technologies covering all areas of activity. Technology in school is considered as educational and labor, transformative activity of students on a scientific basis, the science of methods of processing various materials.
The subject “Technology” allows you to synthesize cognitive and subject-transformative activities; students can, on a more realistic basis, gain knowledge, skills and abilities about the impact of man on the material world, and comprehend a unified logical system of interaction between man and nature, with the material world.
The entire educational process in technology lessons is aimed at the formation of a comprehensively and harmoniously developed personality of students, and labor training is a necessary component of the process.
The subject “Technology” is an integrative subject that synthesizes acquired knowledge from other subjects:
- technology – algebra, geometry: carrying out calculation and graphic operations (in the “Modeling of Sewing Products” lessons, students work with stencils and drawings, calculations of the base pattern of any sewing product are performed using mathematical formulas);
-technology – chemistry: characterization of the properties of structural materials (in Materials Science lessons, students will learn about the properties of chemical fibers and fabrics made from them, their production, this knowledge will certainly be useful to them in chemistry lessons);
-technology – biology: x characteristics of the properties of soil and plants (students apply the knowledge gained in the lessons of this course in practice when growing ornamental plants; the observations obtained will undoubtedly be useful to them in biology lessons);
- technology – physics: study of the structure and principles of operation of machines, mechanisms, devices;
- technology –ISO: in technology lessons, students learn the history of various types of needlework, folk crafts, the origin of objects necessary for work (scissors, thimble, needle), draw sketches of costumes, learn to use the color wheel;
- technology –drawing: In the lessons, students build drawings, sketches, technical drawings and product diagrams, graphs and study design, learn to draw up technological maps.
Showing the use of acquired knowledge in industry, energy, communications, agriculture, transport and other areas of human activity.
Studying the subject “Technology” will allow young people to acquire general and partially specialized knowledge and skills and ensure the intellectual, physical and aesthetic development of students and their adaptation to modern socio-economic conditions.
Pros of technology lessons:
Allows children to take a break from other subjects that tire them mentally.
Promotes the emergence of certain skills and abilities.
Unites children and teaches them to work in a team.
Develops a love of work.
Allows you to have fun.
Develops the child's creative nature.
Teaches something new.
In fact, many people forget that physical work only contributes to mental work, improving its results. Physical work helps fight mental fatigue.
The technology program, taking into account the interests of students, includes the following sections: “Cooking”, “Creating products from textile materials”, “Housekeeping technologies”, “Handicraft”, “Technologies of creative and experimental activities”.
Cooking
It is difficult to overestimate the importance of “lessons” that instill in a child the ability to cook:
Firstly, it is an invaluable household skill. The sooner a child begins to get involved in working in the kitchen, the easier it will be for him to perceive this skill as a natural part of life.
Secondly, in this way the child learns to be orderly in the conduct of any business, because for any culinary process it is necessary to first prepare the ingredients and tools, and at the end it is necessary to put the workplace in order. This disciplines him and teaches him to be organized.
Thirdly, the child will be able to understand from personal experience the basic principles of preliminary preparation and further processing of products. Usually these are theoretical concepts, and it can be difficult for children to understand only from the words of their parents or teacher that they are really needed. And here he will have a practical vision of this need.
Fourthly, kitchen manipulations inevitably develop fine motor skills, since all culinary processes involve a lot of manual manipulation with a variety of products and utensils.
Creation of products from textile materials
Is it worth knowing how to sew?
There are a number of reasons for this.
Firstly, a new item does not always fit perfectly. For example, very often the length of trousers does not suit us, although otherwise the trousers fit the figure. Making trousers shorter by a couple of centimeters is a mere trifle if a woman has basic sewing skills on a sewing machine. It happens that the darts of a skirt need to be adjusted to fit the figure or the sleeves need to be turned up. A mass producer cannot predict all the nuances. All this can be easily and quickly eliminated on your own.
Secondly, the item, sewn according to an individual pattern and by skillful hands, fits perfectly, emphasizing the beauty of its owner. To understand how a thing should fit, you need to understand the intricacies of cut. Then, when trying on, say, a dress, you can see without outside advice what’s wrong. Sewing is a creative process through which good taste is formed. We learn to combine colors and textures correctly through creativity.
Thirdly, sewing is perceived by many as an outlet in the hustle and bustle of life. Perhaps it is precisely because of demand that more and more new handicraft stores are appearing, where you can buy everything: from a needle to a program-controlled sewing machine. A rich selection of decorative elements: beads, braid, threads, rhinestones, allows you to turn sewing into a truly creative process.
What can you sew at home?
Almost everything. You will only have to exclude things that require very cumbersome additional equipment. Linen for the whole family, clothes for pets, textiles for everyday life and interior.
Many people have learned from personal experience that sewing yourself is cheaper than buying a finished product. By spending money on fabric and the special little things necessary for the product, you will receive a high-quality and non-standard product, and you will stand out from the crowd because your item will not look like it came from someone else’s shoulder. Of course, sewing a quality product requires experience, but the cost of purchasing it is worth it to be patient and receive it within a certain period of time.
Handicrafts or arts and crafts
In our country, it’s a rare woman who doesn’t know how to do needlework; almost everyone knows how to knit, sew or embroider. Some craftsmen can create almost the entire interior of a house with their own hands: knit runners, weave carpets, sew bed linen, bedspreads, curtains. And children (and other family members) often wear clothes knitted or sewn by the hands of their grandmother, mother or wife. Needless to say, warm socks, a knitted sweater or a hat warm not only our body, but also our soul. The skill of home handicrafts helps you save on buying ready-made items.
But saving, of course, is not the main reason for loving handicrafts. Many people have probably noticed that all types of home creativity help relieve tension, calm the nerves and thereby prevent stress. Any handicraft can be called real psychotechnics, thanks to which we restore the ancestral connection, and therefore it is very correct to teach children the skills of working with their hands from a very early age.
When a woman picks up a needle or knitting needles, and a man begins to craft, the whole house is filled with peace and tranquility. And the more things in your home that you made with pleasure and love with your own hands, the more often there is laughter in the house and the less often quarrels occur. And in the old days they said that clothes knitted or sewn by a loving person can protect against the evil eye and damage, surrounding the person wearing it with an aura of care and love.
When we do this or that type of needlework, we affect the nerve endings of our hands and this, of course, cannot but affect us. Not everyone knows that handicrafts can improve our health. Handicrafts are very popular among women as an anti-stress and antidepressant. In addition, handicrafts can normalize the functioning of many systems of our body.
Handicraft received this name because almost all actions are performed by hand. On the surface of the palm there are a large number of active points, which represent the projection of various human organs and systems. When we do needlework, in addition to enjoying the process itself, we also stimulate the functioning of our body.
So what happens to us when we do handicrafts?
The healing properties of various types of needlework:
Sewing
The strongest effect is on the eyes, hands and indirectly on the brain. Heart diseases associated with rhythm disturbances are treated, blood pressure is reduced, intracranial pressure is normalized, nervous breakdowns, shocks, headaches, insomnia, fatigue are prevented or alleviated, and blood composition is improved.
Sewing interior items
Treats headaches associated with weather conditions, relieves nervous stress, eye fatigue, tinnitus, swelling of the eyelids and fingers.
Sewing soft toys, thoughts
Treats allergies, depression, aggressiveness, mania, lethargy, drowsiness, hand diseases, helps with physical and mental fatigue, lack of coordination, disturbances in the vestibular apparatus, impaired brain function, loss of orientation in time, reduces blood pressure.
Patchwork, quilt (patchwork technique)
Treats headaches, various tumors in the body, chills, allergies to wool, leg pain and cramps, colds and inflammation of the respiratory tract, diseases of the vocal cords, nosebleeds, poor blood clotting, poor circulation in the legs, lethargy.
Wood burning
Relieves tension, nervous tics, helps in the treatment of chronic colds, stomach diseases, accelerates treatment for sprains, reduces pain during cramps, normalizes blood pressure. You can't breathe smoke. If you have allergies or are particularly sensitive to odors, burning is not recommended. You should also not bring home burning work done elsewhere.
Wood carving and painting
Treats myopia, helps with allergic dermatitis, injuries, bruises, hematomas, treats gastritis, bronchitis, shortness of breath, vestibular disorders, drowsiness, nervous cough, various phobias.
Macrame
Treats heart and kidney diseases, nervous headaches, stomach pains, relieves spasmodic muscle pain, bone pain, relieves irritation, anxiety, and drowsiness. It is not recommended to practice macrame for people with sensitive skin and poor blood clotting.
Tatting
Helps with lesions of the central nervous system, in the treatment of inflammatory processes, hypertension, joint pain, polyarthritis, headaches, leg cramps, nosebleeds, sprains, hypersensitivity of the skin, disorders of the vestibular apparatus.
Beading
Treats insomnia, distracted attention, headaches and toothaches, metabolic disorders, chronic respiratory diseases, seizures.
Knitting
Treats cardiovascular diseases, digestive disorders, dental and headaches, diseases of the nervous system, helps with spinal injuries, concussions, promotes a speedy recovery from depression and helps withstand severe shocks.
Crochet
Helps get rid of headaches, toothaches and earaches, treats colds and cardiac diseases, sclerosis, and inhibition of nervous processes.
Another advantage of knitting, probably the most important one, is that it is an excellent opportunity to give your home interior a unique look, to dress yourself and your household in exclusive items, and to please those around you with new interesting things and crafts.
Hand embroidery
Treats headaches and tinnitus, mental fatigue, nervous strain, sprains, occupational diseases of the hands and feet, eating disorders, circulatory and lymphatic systems.
In different countries, both simple peasant women and some queens, princesses, boyars, and merchant wives were engaged in embroidery.
Nowadays, satin stitch and cross-stitch embroidered paintings and handmade interior items are very highly valued: furniture, carved figurines, tablecloths, napkins, potholders, towels, etc. Embroidered clothes occupy a special place; embroidery on clothes is always unique and will not leave the owner of such a thing unnoticed.
You may not even realize it, but people who find time to do handicrafts every day not only live longer, but also suffer less from extra pounds. Half an hour at the hoop brings them much more joy than cakes or chocolate! Doctors confirm: hobbies are an excellent remedy for losing unnecessary pounds. Usually, excess weight appears as a result of emotional overeating, when food turns into a way to switch and get pleasure. Replacing gluttony with creativity gives you a chance not only to maintain health, but also to be in good shape and in high spirits. The creative process actively involves the brain, especially the areas responsible for processing non-verbal information: imagination, spatial orientation, intuition and emotions.
