Calculation and technology of knitting products th/ Socks / Part 1

Socks (Fig. 51) are knitted in the round on five knitting needles. One pair of women's socks uses 160-180 g of home-spun yarn, men's - 180-200 g. Knitting needles No. 2. Stocking knitting.

Calculation of loops. Measure the volume of your leg at the ankle at the thinnest point (23 cm). Knit a control sample of the main part of the sock in stocking stitch and determine the knitting density (for example, 2.5 loops in 1 cm).

Calculate the number of loops needed to start working: 23x2.5=57.5. Round the resulting number (57.5) up to a whole number so that it is divisible by 4 without a remainder, since the loops are distributed over 4 knitting needles. IN in this example take 60 loops, then there will be 15 loops on each knitting needle (socks size 36-37).

Start knitting a sock. Start knitting the sock with a 2x2 elastic band. Measure the end of the thread equal in length to three to four knitting needles, depending on the thickness of the thread. On two knitting needles placed together, cast on 60 stitches from the starting row plus 1 additional stitch to complete the circle.

Release one of the knitting needles and tightly knit the 1st row with a 2x2 elastic band, simultaneously distributing the loops on four knitting needles as follows: slip the 1st loop onto a working knitting needle without knitting, knit 15 loops with the 1st knitting needle, knit another 15 loops with the 2nd knitting needle , 3rd - the next 15 loops and with the 4th knitting needle knit 14 loops, and knit the 15th and additional (unknitted) loop from the 1st knitting needle together - so the knitting is closed in a circle. Now continue to knit clockwise a 2x2 elastic band with a height of 6 cm. The height of the elastic band can be higher if desired. After completing the elastic band, switch to stocking knitting and knit 5-6 cm (to the ankle).

Start knitting the heel. Knit the heel on the 3rd and 4th needles. The loops on the 1st and 2nd knitting needles do not participate in the formation of the heel. Fold the toe piece with its sides. Transfer to the heel needles: one loop from the 2nd needle to the 3rd and one loop from the 1st needle to the 4th. Now there are 16 stitches on the heel needles, and 14 on the 1st and 2nd needles.

Heel height (Fig. 52). Straight heel fabric is made using stocking knitting on two knitting needles. 1st row (wrong side of fabric), 4th knitting needle. Slip the edge stitch onto a working needle without knitting. Having knitted all the stitches purlwise (method 1) on the 4th and 3rd knitting needles, turn the knitting right side towards you and knit the 2nd row with knit stitches. So continue to knit a straight fabric - heel height.

Remove the edge loops without knitting. According to the height of the heel, the number of edge loops should be equal to the number of loops on one knitting needle. In this example there should be 15 edge loops (30 rows). Finish knitting the heel height with the front row.

will help you correctly determine the size of the product that you are going to knit for your baby.

We all remember that from the right choice size of socks and others hosiery It depends how comfortable the child feels. If the socks you knit are smaller in size, your child will simply be uncomfortable wearing them. Well, if the socks are too big, they will roll up and gather like an accordion.

Of course, when you knit children's socks with your own hands, you can always unravel the product and tie it up. But you always want to immediately understand what size is suitable for your baby, how many stitches you need to cast on, and so on.

The easiest way to determine the size of socks for children is using a special table, which we will give below. However, first we would like to tell you how to use it.

How to Determine Your Baby's Sock Size

1. We ask the child to place his foot on a piece of paper (both feet in turn);
2. We outline the outline of the foot with a pencil;
3. Measure the distance between the end of the heel and thumb and find the resulting value in the table

Foot size, cm	Shoe size	Sock size (Russia)
10,4 - 11,0	18	12
11,0 - 11,6	19	12
11,6 - 12,2	20	12
12,2 - 12,8	21	14
12,8 - 13,5	22	14
13,5 - 14,2	23	14
14,2 - 14,8	24	16
14,8 - 15,5	25	16
15,5 - 16,2	26	16
16,2 - 16,9	27	18
16,9 - 17,6	28	18
17,6 - 18,3	29	18
18,3 - 19,0	30	20
19,0 - 19,7	31	20
19,7 - 20,4	32	20
20,4 - 21,1	33	22
21,1 - 21,8	34	22
1,8 - 22,5	35	22

Size chart for socks for children: fine yarn, 200 m./50 g., knitting needles No. 2.5.

Size	S	M	L	14/15	16/17	18/19	20/21
Number of loops on knitting needles / on 1st knitting needle	28/7	32/8	36/9	36/9	40/10	40/10	44/11
Number of heel wall loops	14	16	18	18	20	20	22
Heel wall height in rows	10	12	16	16	18	18	20
	4/6/4	5/6/5	6/6/6	6/6/6	6/8/6	6/8/6	7/8/7
	7	8	9	9	10	10	11
Number of decreases by 1 point.	in every r.			in every 2nd r.
	3	3	3	3	4	4	4
Foot length to toe (cm.)	5,5	6,5	7	7,5	8,5	9,5	10,5
The number of decreases to form the toe
In every 3rd r.	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
In every 2nd r.	2	2	2	3	3	3	3
In every r.	1	2	3	2	3	3	4
Total foot length in cm.	7,5	8,5	9,5	10,5	11,5	12,5	13,5

Size chart for socks for children: made from medium-thick yarn; 125 m/50g, knitting needles No. 3.

Size	44/46	50/56	S	M	L
Number of loops on knitting needles	20	24	24	28	32
Number of heel wall loops	10	12	12	14	16
Heel wall height in rows	8	10	10	12	14
Number of loops of each heel part	3/4/3	4/4/4	4/4/4	4/6/4	5/6/5
Number of stitches for the cast-on row along the side edges of the heel	5	5	5	7	8
The number of decreases is 1 point in each row.	2	2	2	3	3
Number of decreases to form a toe In every 2nd r.	1	2	2	2	2
In every r.	1	1	1	2	3
Total foot length in cm.	5.5	6,5	7,5	8,5	9,5

To find out how many loops you need to cast on the knitting needles at the beginning of work, you should take two measurements: the leg circumference at the bone and along the instep.
















Z Taking these dimensions, we determine the average circumference of the leg. To do this, add both measurements and divide the result by two.

So, for example, the 1st measurement is 23 cm, the 2nd measurement is 27 cm.
Therefore, 23 cm + 27 cm = 50 cm; 50 cm: 2 = 25 cm.

Determine the knitting density using the control sample, count the number of loops needed to start working: 3p. x 23cm = 69 loops.

Round this number up to an even number. It is more convenient if it is divided by 4 without a remainder, since the loops are distributed onto the knitting needles. In this example, it is better to take 72, then there will be 18 loops on each knitting needle (socks size 36-37).

Start knitting a sock

Cast on 72 stitches on 2 double needles placed together. Release one of them and knit one row very tightly with a 1x1 rib, simultaneously distributing the stitches onto 4 needles. Thus, there were 18 loops on 4 knitting needles, the 5th was working.

Mark the stitches of the 1st needle, it will serve as a guide in the future. Then tie the end of the thread with a knot to the working thread, causing the knitting to close in a circle (there are no more edge loops).

Next, knit 4-5cm along the outside of the circle clockwise with a 1x1 rib. Having completed it, switch to stocking knitting and knit 5 cm to the ankle.
Heel formation.

Divide the knitting into 2 equal parts and then knit only the loops of 2 knitting needles: the 3rd and 4th. The loops of the 1st and 2nd knitting needles do not participate in the formation of the heel. To make it more convenient to work, first knit stitches from 2 knitting needles to one (from the 3rd and 4th) and then knit a straight fabric in stocking stitch - heel height.
The height of the fabric is determined as follows: the number of edge loops of the fabric should be equal to the number of loops on the 1st knitting needle. In this example there are 18 edges (36 rows). After this, stop knitting, ending it with the front row. Now the canvas needs to be shaped into a heel. This is achieved by decreasing the loops inside the fabric. Mentally divide the loops into 3 equal parts. If there is a remainder, add it to the middle part.
IN in this case distribute the loops like this: 12 loops each. Start decreasing:
. 1st row (wrong side of the fabric) - purl loops: knit 12 loops of the 1st side part, then all the loops of the middle part, except the last loop. - purl it together with the adjacent loop of the 2nd side part (11 loops of the 2nd side part remained unknitted). Turn the knitting.
. 2nd row (front side of the fabric) - facial loops: remove the edge and pull it tightly to the knitting needle, then knit all the loops of the middle part, except for the last loop, knit it together with the adjacent loop of the 1st side part of the front part behind the back walls. Turn the knitting.
Repeat the 1st and 2nd rows until all the loops of the side parts are knitted with the outermost loops of the middle part. The work should end with knitting the front row; only the loops of the middle part (12 loops) remain on the knitting needles.

When knitting a heel, you can attach a nylon or other strong thread to a woolen thread. Having finished knitting the heel, break off the nylon thread and continue knitting with wool thread.

Knitting a sock until it decreases at the toe. Knit this part of the sock again in the round with knit stitches. Start working like this: using the knitting needle on which the loops of the middle part are located, cast on new loops along the front side of the sock from the heel edges - 1 knit stitch from each edge, 10 stitches in total.
Next, use a free knitting needle to knit 10 loops on the 1st knitting needle, then use another knitting needle to knit 10 loops on the 2nd knitting needle. Now, using a free knitting needle, cast on new loops from the edge of the fabric (as many as you cast on the opposite side) and use it to knit half the loops in the middle part (4 loops).
There were again 4 knitting needles in the work, and on the 3rd and 4th there must be more loops than on the 1st and 2nd. The extra loops are needed so that the sock does not tighten the instep of the leg. Now knit in a circle and at the same time decrease the extra loops on the 3rd and 4th knitting needles, knitting them 2 together purlwise through 2 rows (circles). To prevent thickening from thinning to interfere with walking, make them from the edges of the foot, i.e. at the beginning of the 3rd knitting needle and at the end of the 4th. When they have the original number of loops, stop decreasing and knit the sock to the end of the little finger (in this example, 6 cm).

Reducing stitches on the toe.

Decreases can be done in different ways - one of the ways:
in each row (or every other row), knit 2 loops together purlwise at the end of the next knitting needle - in this case the toe turns out to be round. Decrease until 1 stitch remains on the needles.
In order to get a rounded decrease in stitches, you should knit two stitches together in the middle and at the end of the fabric on each knitting needle. The number of rows that are knitted without decreases should always correspond to the number of stitches knitted between two decreases on each needle.
After this, break the thread, sew the loops with it, pull it tightly and hide the end of the thread with a hook on the inside of the sock. Decrease through a row is done if the toes are too long.

You can make socks different lengths, Different colors,

In all kinds of patterns, ornaments and even styles, you can make socks or knee socks or socks-gloves. It all depends on your imagination and your desire.

     This page explains the technique of knitting socks. See product models on the page.
     There are several ways to make socks. This section discusses the classic version. Knitting socks is carried out on five knitting needles. The loops are distributed evenly on four knitting needles, knitting is carried out in a circle using the fifth (working) knitting needle.
    For knitting socks, you can use various patterns, you just need to remember that knitting is carried out in all rows on the front side, from right to left.
    The first socks are easier to knit using stockinette stitch, i.e. facials all the time.
    

CALCULATION. How many stitches to cast on for knitting socks?

    To calculate the required number of loops for knitting socks, you should take two measurements: the volume of the leg at the ankle and the volume of the leg along the instep. Determine the average leg circumference, i.e. add up the values ​​obtained during the measurement and divide the amount by two.
    Using the knitting pattern sample for the sock, determine the knitting density and calculate the number of loops.     Let's look at an example.
    The leg volume at the ankle is 23 cm.
    The volume of the leg along the instep is 25 cm.
    Average value = 23+25/2 = 24 cm.
    Let the knitting density according to the pattern be 25 p.x26 r. = 10x10 cm, then in 24 cm = 25x24/10 = 60 loops.
    The stitches are distributed over four needles, so the quantity should be divisible by 4, if you get a number that is not divisible by 4, increase it to a multiple of 4.

    

CUFF

    Cast on the loops of the initial row, in accordance with the calculation. Distribute them evenly onto four knitting needles (in our case, 12 loops each), close them into a ring. Knit the cuff with an elastic band at the height according to your desire. Next, switch to stockinette knitting, knitting a certain number of rows in accordance with the planned height of the sock from the ankle.
    

STRAIGHT HEEL CABIN

    Start knitting the heel. To do this, you need to know one more size - heel height - this is the distance from the foot to the bone. The height can be measured, or take into account that the height of the heel in children's socks is from 3 to 4 cm, in socks from sizes 35 to 37 the height is from 4 to 5.5 cm, in products larger sizes from 5.5 to 7 cm. The size can be calculated by multiplying the length of the foot by 3 and dividing the result by 2 (25 x 3: 2 = 37.5).     Let in our version this value is 7 cm, then in 7 cm = 26x7/10 = 18.2 rows, round up to 18 rows

    

HEEL FORMATION

Leave the loops on the 1st and 2nd needles. Knit on the 3rd and 4th needles in rows in the forward and reverse directions (= knit row on right side, purl row on wrong side) to a height of 18 rows in our example (heel height from foot to ankle) (Fig.1). Knit 17 rows completely, and in the 18th (= purl row) begin to form the heel.     The number of loops on the 3rd and 4th knitting needles must be mentally divided into three parts: In our case, 24:3 = 8 loops. One central heel and two side heels. If, when dividing by 3, there is one loop left, then add it to the central part (for example, 25:3 = 8(1), i.e. 8, 9.8), if there are 2 loops left when dividing, then add one at a time loop to the sides of the heel (for example, 26:3=8(2), i.e. 9, 8, 9).     The formation of the heel occurs by knitting the central part and attaching it to the side parts as a result of knitting two loops together (Fig.2).
The height of the straight heel. Fig.1
You need to start knitting 2 loops together in the purl row, to do this, remove the edge row, purl 7 loops of the side part, 7 loops of the central part, and purl the 8th loop of the central part and the 1st loop of the second side part together. Turn the work to the front side, remove the 1st loop as an edge loop, knit 6 loops of the central part, remove the last (8th) loop of the central part without knitting on the right knitting needle, pick up as in knitting, knit the 1st loop of the side parts of the front and pull through the removed one, turn the work to the wrong side and continue knitting until there are 8 loops of the central part left in the front row.     ATTENTION!      When removing the first loop, like an edge loop, the working thread should not wrap around the loop, i.e. should remain on the wrong side of the product.      A SET OF LOOPES ON THE SIDE OF THE HEEL.     Using the knitting needle on which the loops of the central part are located, cast on the loops along the side edge of the heel: insert the right knitting needle from the front side under the edge, pick up the working thread, pull out the loop, yarn over the right knitting needle, pull out a new loop from under the next edge, and so on the entire side edge.     Knit the loops on the 1st and 2nd needles, then cast on the loops along the second side edge.      PERFORMING A WEDGE LIFT     Continue knitting on four knitting needles on the fifth needle in the round. On the 3rd and 4th knitting needles, half the loops of the central part of the heel and the loops cast on the side edges of the heel. The number of loops is greater than on the 1st and 2nd knitting needles.      It is necessary to decrease the loops on the 3rd and 4th knitting needles, On the 3rd knitting needle, knit the first two loops together with the front one: slip the 1st, as in knitting, knit the 2nd, pull through the removed one (= 1st put on the 2nd). On the 4th needle, knit the last two stitches together. Decrease in each row until all needles have the same number of stitches. (Fig.3). This is how a wedge is knitted to form the lifting height.
TOE.     Next, knit in the circle to the base of the thumb, then start knitting the toe, to do this, in every second row on the 1st and 3rd knitting needles, knit the first loop, slip the second, as in knitting, knit the next one and pull through the removed one. On the 2nd and 4th needles, knit the second and third from the end (i.e., the penultimate one with the previous one) knit together, the last one just knit.     When half the stitches remain on the knitting needles, continue decreasing in each row until there are 2 loops left on each knitting needle. Tear the thread from the ball, leaving about 15 cm, pull it through the loops using a needle or hook, (Fig.4)     pull the thread to the wrong side, pull the loops and secure the end (Fig.5)
Under the buttons "T1", "T2", "T3", "T4" - auxiliary size tables are given

SOCKS SIZES

Knitted socks are elastic and therefore suitable for any foot shape and for several sizes. Therefore, for our models, 3 foot sizes are indicated. Using the tips below and the size chart, you can knit the model you like in any desired size, different from the one we offer.

CHANGE SIZE

In the size chart below you will find the classic sizes and number of stitches for stockinette socks. Please note that the data for some models differs from the data in the table due to the pattern or design of the socks. In such cases, for calculations when knitting other sizes, it is recommended to take the data given in the instructions as a basis.

Upper sock volume:

Depends on the number of cast-on stitches and thus the number of loops on each knitting needle. For a larger size sock, add 4 additional loops; for smaller socks, cast on 4 fewer loops.

If the socks are connected to a pattern, rapport must be observed. If it is not a multiple of 4, you need to identify places where you can quietly add or subtract the required number of loops without disturbing the pattern. For example, it is possible to add 1 loop in 4 places between 2 repeats. Distribute these places based on the middle of the back or front of the sock so that 1 more loop is knitted on each knitting needle. How these added stitches will be knitted - knit, purl or knit crossed - depends on the main pattern.

Heel:

If 4 more or less loops are knitted in the upper part, then at the beginning of the heel, 2 more or fewer loops are put aside, thus the heel is increased or decreased by 2 loops.

The rows when performing the boomerang heel and the walls of the classic heel are performed according to the data in the size table.

Instep wedge:

Decrease the instep wedge until the knitting needles again have the same number of stitches as at the beginning of the heel stitch.

Foot Length:

Can be easily adjusted to any size. Try on the sock while knitting before the beginning of the toe and knit several more or less circular rows.

Toe:

Depending on the frequency of decreases and the shape of the toe, knit 1 to 2 more rows and in one of these circular rows additionally decrease 4 loops. With fewer stitches, you can skip one round with decreases.

Size chart for knitting socks according to Verena's courses

The number of loops given in the table refers to a knitting pattern with a density of 30 loops and 42 circles.r./r.=10x10 cm, made in stockinette stitch with knitting needles No. 2.5 and knitted from sock yarn from 200 to 225m/50g.

Foot size	Set of stitches/1 knitting needle	Heel width (in paragraph)	Heel wall (in r.)	Loops cast on each heel wall	Heel (in paragraph)	Decreases of the wedge of the instep (in paragraph)	Foot length to toe (in cm)	Foot length (in cm)
22|23	44|11	22	20	11	7|6|7	4x	11,5	14,5
24|25	48|12	24	22	12	8|8|8	4x	12,5	15,5
26|27	48|12	24	22	12	8|8|8	4x	14	17
28|29	52|13	26	24	13	8|10|8	5x	14	18
30|31	52|13	26	24	13	8|10|8	5x	15,5	19,5
32|33	56|14	28	26	14	9|10|9	5x	17	21
34|35	56|14	28	26	14	9|10|9	5x	18	22
36|37	60|15	30	28	15	10|10|10	5x	18,5	23,5
38|39	60|15	30	28	15	10|10|10	5x	20	25
40|41	64|16	32	30	16	10|12|10	6x	21	26,5
42|43	64|16	32	30	16	10|12|10	6x	22	27,5
44|45	68|17	34	32	17	11|12|11	6x	22,5	28,5
46|47	72|18	36	34	18	12|12|12	6x	24	30

This is the second article in the series of publications “Sock knitting course from Verena magazine”.