The riddle is special kind wit, which at all times paid attention in society. This part of folklore was actively used for teaching, creating a certain mood and ideas among people. different ages and positions. Russian folk riddles corresponding to the occasion appeared in textbooks, books, magazines and newspapers, and were also distributed orally.
Although Oedipus defeats the Sphinx, his victory is ephemeral. He wins the throne of Thebes, which comes with the hand of the king's widow, Jocasta. The story unfolds and Oedipus discovers that the man he killed on the road was his father, Laio. Jocasta, realizing that she has married her son and her husband's murderer, commits suicide.
Among these early works, some mysteries were discovered. There is a house where you don't blind or look. What's this? The answer is after this picture. Image caption. Cuneiform writing was developed by the Sumerians and continued for a millennium longer than the Sumerian language itself.
The concept and features of the Russian folk riddle
As a rule, riddles are understood as an allegory in the form of a description of things or phenomena, given in an interrogative form. The addition of "Russian folk" implies that it appeared and is used in the territories of the Slavic countries or among the Russian-speaking population.
Many people, understanding the essence of this part of folklore, are not able to give it a clear definition, but they will definitely cite one of the riddles they know as examples. Among the features of this phenomenon are:
ice maidens
No, this is not an eye hospital: this house that the Sumerians spoke of was a school. The central character of Puccini's opera Turandot is a devastatingly beautiful Chinese princess, but, unfortunately, has a heart of ice. His self-esteem is so great that he demands that his would-be seekers solve three puzzles or lose their lives.
The opera begins with the performance of the last prince who failed the test. However, the handsome prince, who refuses to reveal his name, accepts the challenge. Here are three riddles. Although the third riddle is a kind of trap, the prince, whose name is Calaf, gives the correct answers.
- The scope of distribution is all Slavic peoples and territories. In Russian folk riddles, proverbs, sayings and jokes includes folklore from all over the territory of the former Russian Empire (USSR). Moreover, there are riddles Belarusian, Mari, Volga, Siberian, etc.
- Lack of copyright. It is impossible to establish a specific riddle creator. They just appear in a certain period, become obsolete, disappear or are recycled into more modern options. So collections of various riddles are not written, but compiled.
- specific item. Folklore, especially intended for children, very rarely operates with abstract concepts like life, death, soul and morality, but is focused on specific concepts. For example, Russian folk riddles about air do not tell about this phenomenon, but about quite tangible clouds or smoke, that is, about things that everyone has seen and can recognize.
Place in folklore and free creativity
Russian folk riddles are one of the most significant and lively poetic genres, according to which one can see the world in society. Even 60-70 years ago, they made up a significant part of the youth's leisure time, and the official government used them, among other things, for propaganda.
Turandot is indignant and refuses to honor his part of the deal. Calaf: If Turandot can find out his name at dawn, he will let him take his life. Courtiers and citizens are trying to find out the name of Calaf. Her friend Liy is arrested and tortured, but she does not reveal him. When asked why, he says it's because of his love for him.
At dawn, Turandot is confronted by Calaf, who reveals his name. This is a hobbit whose mind and body have been corrupted and corrupted over the centuries by the evil aura of the Ring. In The Hobbit, the hero Bilbo Baggins meets with Gollum and starts a riddle tournament to determine if Gollum can show Bilbo how to escape the tunnel or eat him.
The peak of the study of riddles as part of folklore and the compilation of collections fell on the 19th-20th centuries. In particular, in 1837 the "Tales of the Russian people" and "Proverbs" were published, compiled by the talented archaeologist and traveler IP Sakharov. And in 1976, D. N. Sadovnikov released his "Mysteries of the Russian People". The collection of 2504 items was subsequently reprinted several times.
Children's riddles about natural phenomena
This is one of the riddles that Bilbo must solve. This thing is consumed by everything. Birds, animals, trees, flowers. Eats iron, bites steel. He crushes hard stones and reduces them to flour. Kill the king, destroy the city. What gives Bilbao a victory is not a mystery, but a direct question: "What do I have in my pocket?".
In Russian mythology, Koschey is an almost immortal creature. There is only one way to kill him: by destroying his soul. The problem is that it is very well protected. The soul of Koschey is inside the needle, placed inside the egg, turns into a goose. A goose inside a hare and a hare inside an iron box buried under an oak tree on the mystical island of Buyan. Even worse, even if someone can get into the box and open it, the hare will run away. If the hare opens, the duck will fly away. Therefore, it is almost impossible to get to the soul of Koschei.
Some attention was paid to riddles in the USSR. In 1932, under the editorship of M. A. Rybnikova, the most complete collection was published, including the folklore of various regions, the work of schoolchildren and new "Soviet" notions.
- 2 plows. 2 turnips. Factory in the middle. RSFSR.
- Not beets and not carrots, but a red head. Pioneer.
- Who has a voice, but no voice. Deprived, that is, deprived of rights.
In the future, the serious work of M. A. Rybnikova became a source for the creation of developing children's books. Riddles from it can be found in many modern publications.
Koschei is also known as the "Hijacker Wife", kidnapping favorite heroes and trying to defeat them. Image Credit: Public Domain. The Phoenix appears in many ancient mythologies, mainly in Greek mythology. It is a symbol of immortality and spiritual rebirth, but also of beauty and strength. According to legend, when he died, the phoenix was forced upon himself and reborn from his own ashes. The bird was also very strong, carrying heavy loads like an elephant. The majestic bird has been associated with the rising of the sun and is closely associated with the sun god Ra in Egyptian mythology.
In the 21st century, the number of new riddles has noticeably decreased, but they themselves have become much more complicated and sometimes smack of cynical humor. The legacy of Soviet times is also widely used - in textbooks elementary school and developing literature for the youngest (3-6 years old).
Outdated riddles. Forms
Like any part of the Russian language, folklore is characterized by renewal. First of all, Russian folk riddles about obsolete things are forgotten. For example:
Riddles about plants
The life cycle time of the phoenix has varied depending on the mythology. Some writers said that she lived for 500 years, while others spoke of thousands of years or even 200 years. Black Annis is a witch with iron nails and a strange taste to humans, especially children. Legend has it that she hunted her prey through the countryside of Leicestershire, England and lives in a cave excavated with her claws. The witch walks around at night looking for sheep or children to eat. When he finds them, he draws his skins and wears them around his waist like a very creepy belt.
- I will plow a clean field. I will catch up with black sheep. Bread in the oven.
- Troshka stands on one leg, crushes fiery crumbs. Svetets - a stand for a torch.
- Black ezdin rides on the stove. Furnace tong.
Technological progress has erased a lot from folklore, and there was nothing to fill the void. At the moment, in 80% of all known riddles, one way or another, outdated words and expressions are used - caftan, horde, millstone, king, etc. While they are still understood by people (and especially children) and remain part of the cultural tradition.
The legend of Black Annie is used by parents in the same way as the "bag" here, forcing children to behave so that they are not worn by a witch. Mermaids also appeared in Greek mythology. They are part woman, part fish. They are so beautiful and sing so well that they know how to hypnotize the sailors who pass through the islands. In Homer's Odyssey, Odysseus was able to escape the mermaids by soaking his sailors' ears and tying himself to the ship's mast to avoid being tempted by their singing. Although enchanting, mermaids are often portrayed as murderous beasts that only attract people to kill them mercilessly.
Commonly used riddles have several verbal forms:
- Narrative with interrogative intonation. For example: "Four brothers stand under one roof." Table.
- Poetic different lengths- from 6 to 30-40 words. For example: "A house has grown in the field. The house is full of grain. The walls are gilded. The shutters are boarded up. The house is shaking. On a pillar of gold." Rye.
- Ongoing. This type is characterized by a smooth description of a thing, where each subsequent phrase is a continuation of the previous one. For example: "There are a pitchfork, and a barrel is on the pitchfork. It was waving on the barrel. It was swinging on the mahal. It was yawning on the rocker. It was blowing its nose. Human.
It is worth noting that this kind of Russian folk and often oversaturated with allegories. They should be given either to adults or children from 10 years of age.
In the folklore of northern Germany, the Nachscherer is a mixture of vampire and zombie. Unlike other vampires, he does not suck the blood, but the soul of his victims. Nakhcherer devours his family members upon awakening and is even capable of eating his own body. But he is also dangerous to aliens, killing only by touching his shadow. But rest assured, a person will not become a nakhcherer after being bitten. Nakhcherer is usually created after a suicide or accidental death. They are also commonly associated with epidemics. When a large group of people die from the plague, it is believed that the first to die is Nakhcherer.
Poetic riddles
It is noted that folklore in poetic form sounds brighter by ear and easier to remember. Most well-known riddles and sayings, including very short ones, rhyme. The most commonly used three-foot or four-foot trochee:
- Stitch on the front. Behind the fork. On the chest - a towel. Martin.
- White mansions. Red supports. Goose.
- What is in front of us? Two shafts behind the ears, in front of the wheel and a nurse on the bow. Glasses.
Russian folk riddles in verse can have 2 types:
Outdated riddles. Forms
To kill one of them, you must put a coin in your mouth and then rip out the head. Imagine a creature that, like vampires, rises from the grave to feed on the blood of the living and recuperate. But strigoi, according to Romanian folklore, are also able to become invisible and can turn into an animal. They cannot stand the light of the sun and cannot go to holy places like churches.
They can transform into bats, owls, rats, wolves, and even some insects and reptiles. You have just joined the vertebrates of the world in one of the oldest rituals in the animal kingdom. Mammals and most other vertebrates yawn: fish, turtles, crocodiles, and birds. People begin to yawn quite early - evidence of an ancient origin. Also called ossification or gasping, yawning appears at the end of the first trimester of human development in the prenatal period and is manifested in newborns.
1. Rhymed question.
2. An unfinished poem, where the answer is the last word in rhyme. Most often they are used to teach children counting, alphabet, natural history.
and weather
Diverse natural phenomena have always been the subject close attention in folklore. Water, earth, moon, rivers, stars and many other things - they were all the subject of conjecture. Moreover, the peak of their appearance came precisely at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th century, when people began to pay much more attention to the world around them. At that time, Russian folk fog, smoke and clouds appear - very ephemeral phenomena.
This is a matter of great wealth for those interested in the neural mechanisms of behavior, since its simple and unaltered nature allows for a rigorous description, the first step to investigate neural mechanisms. This is an application of the approach simple systems» refers to people who go about their normal activities; there is no need to use bacteria, fruit flies or nematodes in research.
The concept and features of the Russian folk riddle
At this point, it is possible that the reader may already be experiencing one of the gaping's most incredible properties: its contagion. Simply reading or thinking about gaping can be a contagious response vector. Diffusion allows you to explore the neurological roots of social behavior, understanding and studying facial expressions, empathy, imitation and possible pathology autism, schizophrenia and traumatic brain injury.
- Good, good. He looks at everyone, but does not order himself. Sun.
- White bird in the sky. Resting on a block of snow. Moon in the clouds.
- Ran - noisy. Died - faded. frozen river.
- On the street a pole. In the hut - a tablecloth. Smoke.
- An eagle flies across the blue sky. She spread her wings, covered the sun. Cloud.
- I give an answer to every call, but no bodies and souls. Echo.
An equally popular subject is the seasons and weather phenomena. Particularly interesting are Russian folk winters and related events such as snow, leaf fall, frost, blizzards and wind.
Fortunately, scientific frontiers are close and relatively sparsely populated, a consequence of our tendency to underestimate and ignore what seems simple. In some cases, science may require nothing more than a stopwatch, notepad, and pencil. In our environment it is easy to be "tempted" by great science and belittle what seems ordinary. Although it seems extravagant, my decision to investigate this question was a logical extension of my research in developmental neuroscience.
As a neurobehavioral issue, there is not much difference between the flapping of birds' wings and the face and body shake of human yawns. But apart from the pharynx, yawning has important features for easy observation and analysis. The gaping is strongly stereotyped, its shape and duration vary. This is an excellent example of the instinctive "fixed picture of action" of the classic study of animal behavior or ethology. It is not a reflex, a short response, fast and proportional to the simple stimulus. However, after its onset, it progresses with the inevitability of sneezing; lasts, on average, six seconds.
and people
Children's thinking requires pointing to specific things, and therefore Russian folk riddles about animals (wild and domestic) have always been a significant part of this type of folklore. Moreover, they are doubly useful, since in game form bring to the child information about the leashes, behavior or danger of a particular animal. For example:
No half yawns, an example of "typical intensity" of fixed action patterns and one of the reasons he can't choke. They come in flashes, at very variable intervals of about 68 seconds. There is no relationship between frequency and duration; producers of short or long yaws do not compensate more or less frequently. Closed Nose Yawning: When you notice the start of a yawn, pinch your nose to close it. Most people say they can perform perfectly normal yawns with their noses closed.
This indicates that the inspiration at the beginning of the yawn and the expiration at the end are given out by the nostrils - the mouth provides sufficient air passage. Let us now prove some propositions about the role of the mouth and jaw. Clenched Yawn: When you notice the onset of a yawn, close your teeth but inhale normally through open lips and clenched teeth. This variation gives the feeling of being in the middle of a yawn. In addition, he shows that the mouth is more than deep breathing because, unlike normal breathing, inhalation and exhalation cannot be performed through closed teeth as through the nose.
- Small, but light. And you can't lift your tail. Lizard.
- Behind the field and the woods, a mountain of sand boils. Anthill.
- He jumps in the swamp, swims like a human. Frog.
- With horns, but not a bull. Runs like a dragonfly. Jumps like a flea. Deer.
- Hanging sieve. Not spun by hand. Web.
- Flies - squeaks, sits - is silent. Whoever kills him will shed his own blood. Mosquito.
- I wake everyone up on time, even though I don’t start the clock. Rooster.
- Rumbles through the fields. Looking for lambs and calves. Wolf.
Nasal yawn: This variant tests the adequacy of the nasal airway to support yawning. Unlike ordinary breathing, which is equally well performed through the mouth or nose, yawning is not possible only with nasal inhalation. As with clenched teeth, the nose provides the unsatisfactory feeling of falling into a yawn. Mouth inspiration is an important component of the gaping engine model. Expiration can be equally well conducted through the nose or mouth.
Generalized movement requires more airway and mouth opening maneuvers: stretching the facial muscles; the head leans back and the eyes are narrow or close; production of tears and saliva occurs; in the middle ear, the Eustachian tubes open and many other cardiovascular, neuromuscular, and respiratory actions are triggered. Perhaps yawning has common features with different behaviour. For example: can some "slow sneeze" yawn or "quick yawn" sneeze? Both share respiratory and motor characteristics—among them opening the mouth, closing the eyes, and tilting the head.
Children's riddles Russian folk, dedicated to man, allow entertaining form teach your child the basics of anatomy. They will teach you to identify body parts from a single description.
- 2 brothers live across the street. One does not see the other. Eyes.
- 5 brothers live. Everyone has the same name. Fingers.
- Between two luminaries I am alone. Nose.
- One speaks. Two are watching, two are listening. Mouth, eyes and ears.
- What part of a person is always wet? Language.
Riddles about numbers, the alphabet and the learning process
After the revolution of 1917 and the formation of a new state, society began to pay great attention to the literacy of the population. Sending older people with grandchildren to reading courses was commonplace. But among the younger generation, the prestige of education was helped to spread Russian folk riddles, rhymes and ditties about ignoramuses. All folklore on this subject can be divided into the following groups:
1. About educational supplies - notebooks, books, textbooks, etc.
- White field, black seed. Who sows it - he understands. Book.
- When is a sighted person blind? Illiterate.
- He does not speak, does not tell, but shows by example. Poster.
- The whole world is placed on one paper. Geographic map.
2. About the alphabet, numbers and other sciences.
Russian folk riddles for children, composed in poetic form (with an answer-ending), are very effective as a means of teaching first-graders the basics of writing and arithmetic.
Riddles about food and things
The most updated part of folklore, in which riddles die off after the obsolescence of certain things. But instead of them, new ones also appear regularly. So you can easily find riddles about the Russian stove, poker or rocker, as well as about a computer, cell phone, car or plane.
The subject of this group is very extensive and in any collection you can easily find a riddle about the Russian folk instrument, clothing, heating, needlework, technology, etc.
- It strokes everything it touches, and if you touch it, it bites. Iron.
- The horse is steel, and the tail is silk (linen). Needle with thread.
- Met with one hand. The other accompanies. Door.
Riddles about food are mostly concentrated around a few essential products available to everyone - bread (chunks, loaf), salt, sugar, pancakes, dough, milk.
Riddles for adults. Erotic folklore
There is an opinion that Russian folk riddles about nature, things and food are intended for children. But it is not so. A huge layer of folklore is directly related to adults. And it's not only special complex shapes, but also erotic riddles - category "18+". Despite strict religious and then party censorship, they flourished at all times.
Riddles for adults are always ambiguous and deeply ironic, as they are built on deceived expectations. When pronouncing the text, the performer pretends that he does not understand the sexual meaning of key words like "hole", "pull", "hollow", etc. And the main lie is that the answer to the riddle does not contain immodest meaning. For example:
- Two apples in the moss. Carrot on top. Eyes and nose.
- Hanging between the legs - the letter "x" is called. As he sees the letter "p" immediately rises. Elephant trunk and food.
- From ass to mouth. Egg.
- Hanging - dangles. Everyone grabs for it. Towel.
Riddles, as part of folklore, exist in all countries. But Russians stand out against the global background for their multiplicity, variety of forms and significance for society.
We begin to solve riddles from childhood. On this page we have made a selection of Russian ancient riddles puzzles with such a catch, so as not to immediately guess, but to think. If nothing comes to mind, use the answers. They are needed not only for hints, but also to check the correctness of the answer to the riddle. In the old days they loved to guess difficult riddles with a catch for children and even adults.
For young children:
The black cow overcame the whole world, and the white cow raised it. Day and night
On one end is an eccentric - on the other end is a worm. Fishing rod
Born in the forest, lives in the water. Boat
They gave it to you, and it belongs to you now. You never gave it to anyone, but your friends use it. What is it? Your name
Not a warrior with spurs, not a sentry, but screaming. Rooster
The forest has grown, all white, you can’t enter it on foot, you can’t drive on a horse. Frosty pattern
Zarya-lightning, red maiden,
The gate was locked
Walked across the field
Lost the keys.
saw the moon
And the sun hid. Dew
For adults or children over 5-7 years old.
There is an ancient legend about the founding of the city of Carthage. Dido, the daughter of the king of Tyre, having lost her husband, who was killed by her brother, fled to Africa. There she bought from the Numidian king as much land as "the size of an oxhide". When the deal was made, Dido cut the cowhide into thin straps and, thanks to this trick, covered a piece of land sufficient for the construction of a fortress. It was as if the fortress of Carthage arose, and later the city was built.
Try to determine approximately what area, according to this legend, the fortress could occupy, if we assume that the size of an oxhide is 4 square meters. m., and the width of the straps into which Dido cut it is 1 mm.
Answer: If the area of the cowhide is 4 sq. m. (or 4 million sq. mm.), And the width of the straps is 1 mm., then the total length of the cut out belt (Dido, presumably, cut it in a spiral) is 4 million millimeters, or 4000 meters, i.e. 4 km. Such a belt can surround a square area of 1 square. km. and round - in 1.3 square meters. km.
A flock of ducks flew. One in front, two behind; one behind and two in front; one between two and three in a row. How many ducks flew?
Answer: Three ducks flew one after another
How many eggs can you eat on an empty stomach?
Answer: One
This is an old puzzle. Cut a round hole in a sheet of thick paper and invite someone to stick a coin into it, large in diameter. Tearing paper or somehow bending and breaking, as well as sawing a coin, is not allowed.
Answer: Fold a sheet of paper into a "bag", the hole should be at the very bottom. Then take the paper with both hands and ask someone to drop a coin into the "bag" - let it fall right to the bottom and peek out the bottom end of the hole. After that, slightly lift the corners of the "bag" - this will be enough for the hole to increase, and the coin will fall out into the hole in a second or two. However, the paper remained intact.
The peasant needs to be transported across the river wolf, goat and cabbage. The boat is small: a peasant can fit in it, and with him either only a goat, or only a wolf, or only a cabbage. But if you leave the wolf with the goat, then the wolf will eat the goat, and if you leave the goat with the cabbage, then the goat will eat the cabbage. How did the peasant transport his cargo?
Answer: It is clear that you have to start with a goat. The peasant, having transported the goat, returns and takes the wolf, which he transports to the other side, where he leaves him, but then he takes and carries the goat back to the first bank. Here he leaves her and transports the cabbage to the wolf. After that, returning, he transports a goat, and the crossing ends safely.
It is said that two fathers and two sons found three rupees (silver coins) on the road leading to Bombay and quickly divided them among themselves, and each got a coin. How did they manage to cope with the task?
Answer: The travelers were able to share the find equally, because there were three of them: grandfather, father and son (or, in other words, two fathers and two sons).
Three painters had a brother Ivan, but Ivan had no brothers. How could this happen?
Answer: The painters were sisters.
This is Russian folk amusement, and there is an interesting mystery in it.
The jackdaws have arrived
Sat on sticks.
If on each stick
Sits on one jackdaw,
That is for one jackdaw
Not enough stick.
If on each stick
Sits two jackdaws
That one of the sticks
It will be without jackdaws.
How many jackdaws were there?
How many sticks were there?
Answer: Four jackdaws, three sticks.
While passing through a small town, one merchant went to have a bite to eat at a restaurant, and then decided to get a haircut. There were only two hairdressers in the town, and in each there was only one master, who is also the owner. In one, the hairdresser was unkemptly shaved and badly cut, and in the other, clean-shaven and with a great haircut. The merchant decided to have his hair cut at the first barbershop. How do you think he made the right choice?
Answer: The merchant correctly judged that since there are only two hairdressers in the city, they certainly cut each other's hair. So, you need to go get a haircut to someone who has a bad haircut.
This is an old folk task. A peasant woman came to the market to sell eggs. The first customer bought half of all the eggs from her and another half an egg. The second customer bought half the remaining eggs and another half an egg. The third bought only one egg. After that, the peasant woman had nothing left. How many eggs did she bring to the market?
Answer: The problem is solved from the end. After the second customer bought half of the remaining eggs and half an egg, the peasant woman had only one egg left. This means that one and a half eggs make up the second half of what is left after the first sale. It is clear that the total remainder is three eggs. By adding half an egg, we get half of what the peasant woman originally had. So, the number of eggs she brought to the market is seven.
How to divide 5 apples between 5 people so that each person gets an apple and one apple remains in the basket.
Answer: One person takes an apple along with a basket.
Three peasants: Ivan, Peter and Nikolai received a sack of grain for their work. Unfortunately, there was no measure at hand and I had to divide the grain by eye. The eldest among the peasants - Ivan - scattered the grain into three heaps, as he believed, equally:
The first pile of eight you, Peter, the second will go to Nikolai, and the third to me.
I do not agree to this, - Nikolai objected, - my heap of grain is the smallest.
The peasants argued. Almost got into a fight. They pour grain from one pile to another, from another to a third, and in no way come to an agreement, someone is sure to be dissatisfied.
If it were just the two of us, I would be Peter, - Ivan cried in his hearts, I would immediately share. He would scatter the grain into two equal piles and invite Peter to choose any one, and take the rest for himself. Both of us would be happy. And here I do not know how to be. The peasants thought about how to divide the grain so that everyone was happy, so that everyone was sure that he received at least a third. And they came up with.
Come up with you.
Answer: Ivan suggested dividing the grain like this:
I scatter the grain into three heaps, in my opinion, equally, and step aside. Any of the heaps will do for me. Then let Peter indicate the smallest heap of grain, in his opinion. If Nikolai also considers that there is less than a third of the grain in this heap, then give it to me, and divide the rest of the grain among yourself in a way already known. If Nikolai decides that there is at least a third of the grain in the specified heap, let him take it for himself. Peter will take what he thinks is the largest pile, and the rest will go to me.
The peasants followed Ivan's suggestion, divided the grain and, satisfied, dispersed.
A task for the second grade of a parochial school. Invented by Leo Tolstoy.
Now only 30% of high school students and only 20% of university students can solve it correctly.
The seller sells a hat. Worth 10 r. The buyer comes up, measures and agrees to take it, but he has only 25 rubles. The seller sends the boy with these 25 rubles. exchange for a neighbor. The boy comes running and gives 10+10+5. The seller gives a hat and change of 15 rubles. After some time, a neighbor comes and says that 25 rubles. fake, demands to give her money. What should I do. The seller climbs into the cash register and returns the money to her.
Rating: 4.4/ 5 (20 votes cast)
VN:F
Rating: +5 (from 13 votes)
Riddles with answers with a trick, 4.4 out of 5 based on 20 ratings
