Why does colitis occur and how does it progress?
Colitis is most often caused by poor nutrition. Violation of the regime, consumption of junk food, and alcohol abuse do not have the best effect on the condition of the intestines. In addition, colitis can develop as a result of intestinal infection or helminthic infestation. Also, this disease often occurs when:
- long-term use of antibiotics and abuse of laxatives;
- surgical interventions or injuries in the abdominal area;
- food allergies;
- frequent stress.
It is worth noting that the course of colitis at the initial stage is not very pronounced. Unpleasant sensations are not permanent, but occur sporadically and can alternate with each other. This is why people often ignore unpleasant symptoms without seeking medical help. This is how colitis develops into a chronic form with periodic exacerbations. To normalize the condition, a healthy diet is necessary. In case of colitis during an exacerbation, food should be gentle.
Main symptoms
Acute or accompanied by a number of unpleasant symptoms. The most common ones include the following:
- pain that is localized in the side of the abdomen (usually intensifies before defecation or after eating harmful foods);
- bloating, accompanied by a feeling of fullness;
- frequent belching and flatulence;
- nausea and vomiting;
- bowel dysfunction;
- mucous and bloody discharge during bowel movements;
- bitterness in the mouth in the morning;
- accompanying symptoms such as headache and physical weakness.
Pin the principles of proper nutrition
A diet for colitis requires compliance with some mandatory rules. During the period of exacerbation, as well as for the purpose of its prevention, you should be guided by the following principles:
- you need to eat little and often (there should be about 6 meals in total during the day);
- food must be chewed thoroughly (for each piece there should be at least 30 jaw movements);
- Every time before a meal, it is advisable to eat a small peeled apple;
- refusal of solid and dry foods;
- It is unacceptable to eat foods that are too hot or too cold;
- copious fluid intake.
Diet No. 4
What is the correct diet for colitis during an exacerbation? Experts in the field of gastroenterology recommend sticking to a special menu. It is also known as Diet No. 4. It is characterized by the following features:
People suffering from chronic or acute colitis are recommended to follow the so-called diet No. 4. It includes food that not only does not harm the intestines, but also helps maintain its functional state. Thus, a diet for colitis during an exacerbation involves consuming the following products:
- fermented milk products;
- based on low-fat broth;
- white meat and fish, steamed or boiled;
- rice, semolina or oatmeal porridge cooked in water;
- jelly and jellies based on fruits and berries;
- boiled eggs or omelet;
- rosehip decoction;
- fresh fruits and vegetables in grated form;
- hard cheeses (unsalted);
- cinnamon as a seasoning.
Prohibited Products
A number of restrictions characterize the diet for colitis during an exacerbation. The list of products prohibited for consumption is as follows:
- sausage and frankfurters;
- onions and garlic, as well as hot spices and herbs;
- apricots and plums in any form;
- black bread;
- fresh bread and other flour products (especially baked goods);
- borsch;
- milk soups;
- alcoholic drinks;
- pickled and smoked products;
- whole milk;
- carbonated drinks;
- fried foods;
- coffee and chocolate;
- pasta;
- rich broths;
- fatty fish and meats;
- pearl barley;
- peas, beans and other legumes;
- concentrated juices.
Approximate menu for the day
The most important point of treatment is the diet for colitis during an exacerbation. Nutrition should be balanced and light. The approximate menu for the day is as follows:
- for breakfast you need to eat oatmeal with water and cottage cheese (both dishes are ground), and also drink unsweetened tea;
- followed by a snack of dried blueberries;
- for lunch it is recommended to eat light chicken broth with semolina, steamed meatballs, as well as rice porridge with water and jelly;
- dinner consists of a steamed omelette, grated buckwheat porridge and tea;
- A couple of hours before bedtime, you can drink fruit or oatmeal jelly.
Diet depending on the type of colitis
The diet for colitis during an exacerbation largely depends on what symptoms accompany the disease. So, based on the manifestations of the disease, nutrition may be as follows:
| Disease | Nutritional Features |
| Ulcerative colitis | The basis of the diet should be protein foods. It is worth paying attention to fish, cottage cheese, chicken, as well as soft-boiled eggs. Fats are consumed in limited quantities. |
| Colitis with constipation | The emphasis should be on fermented milk products. Solid foods need to be ground or crushed. It is acceptable to eat lightly roasted dishes. |
| Colitis with diarrhea | To normalize intestinal function, it is recommended to eat dried bread. The basis of the diet is boiled meat and fish. Fried and hard-boiled eggs are strictly prohibited. You should completely avoid fatty foods. |
| Spastic colitis | It is accompanied by pain, and therefore it is important to eat food that will not irritate the intestines. You should give preference to pureed soups and boiled porridges. Meat and fish should be cooked exclusively by steaming. |
| Catarrhal colitis | For the first 2-3 days of the diet, it is permissible to drink only herbal infusions and still mineral water. Next, you need to eat in small portions, gradually increasing the number of meals. Avoid milk, legumes and smoked foods. |
| Atrophic colitis | It is worth giving preference to products that do not contain coarse fiber. |
Diet for colitis during an exacerbation: nutrition and recipes
Having dealt with the list of products recommended for consumption, it is important to combine them into healthy, and most importantly, tasty dishes. The diet for colitis during an exacerbation should be based on soft, enveloping and light textures. We decided to present the recipes in the form of a table.
| Dishes | Ingredients | Preparation |
| Oatmeal jelly |
| Pour water over the oatmeal, mix well and leave overnight. In the morning, strain and put the resulting liquid on the fire. Heat until the mixture thickens to jelly. Drink half a glass before meals. |
| Boiled meat cutlets |
| First, boil the breast and rice. While the porridge is cooling, the meat needs to be twisted three times in a meat grinder. Mix everything, then form cutlets from the resulting mass. The dish is steamed. |
| Curd soufflé |
| The cottage cheese needs to be rubbed through a sieve several times, then mixed with semolina, sugar and yolk. Beat the whites into a strong foam and gently fold into the cottage cheese. Place the mixture in a greased pan and steam until ready. |
| Broth with semolina |
| Add vegetables, salt and herbs to the concentrated meat broth and cook for a quarter of an hour. Strain the cooled liquid and dilute with water in equal proportions. Put the broth back on the fire and bring to a boil. Carefully add semolina and cook until done. |
| Liver pudding |
| Grind the washed, film-free liver in a meat grinder. Grate the boiled carrots. Combine liver, carrots, egg yolk, butter, milk powder and salt. Beat the egg whites separately and then combine them with the liver. Pour the mixture into a mold and steam it. |
Nutrition when your condition improves
Strict during the period of exacerbation contributes to a fairly rapid improvement in the condition. As a result, the diet gradually begins to expand.
So, it is permissible to eat not only boiled and steamed, but also baked dishes (be sure to remove the crust). The following can be gradually added to the list of permitted products:
- ripe tomatoes and potatoes in limited quantities;
- products made from lean dough (buns, pies with cottage cheese, fruit, eggs or meat);
- pasta as an additive to soups;
- ripe fruits and berries, peeled and pitted;
- weak coffee;
- sweets such as marshmallows, marshmallows, marmalade, preserves and jams.
As the condition improves, it is recommended to expand the diet by consuming small quantities of sausages, vegetable oil and other forbidden foods. This is not systematic, but is only aimed at ensuring that the intestines are ready to process any food.
Prevention of colitis
The best prevention of gastrointestinal diseases is a proper diet. If you have colitis during an exacerbation, it is important to eat healthy foods. But it is better to prevent the problem than to treat it later. That is why it is recommended to always adhere to the principles of proper nutrition. It is also worth remembering that nervous tension and stress can lead to a sharp deterioration in the condition. This is why it is important to avoid negative emotions and bad mood.
Forget about bad habits (smoking and alcohol). Take antiviral drugs and antibiotics strictly as prescribed by the doctor, while simultaneously taking medications that protect the stomach and intestines.
A properly selected diet for intestinal colitis is the key to effective treatment.
Colitis unites a huge group of diseases, the main symptom of which is inflammation of the mucous membrane of the large intestine; pain, bloating, diarrhea or constipation appear against the background of the disease.
The reasons why colitis develops are varied and multifaceted, and the methods of dealing with different types of this disease also differ. All colitis has only one thing in common, this is a violation of the normal absorption of nutritional components in the intestines, which means the need to adhere to a special diet. Therefore, diet for intestinal colitis is the main and most effective component of any treatment regimen.
Internet pages today are filled with information about nutritional features during inflammatory processes in the intestines; they even publish exact lists of products from which you can create your own menu. But experienced professionals unanimously declare that there is no universal diet for this pathology, and cannot be.
Nutrition should be prescribed by a nutritionist, taking into account the form of the disease, the characteristics of the patient’s body and the nature of the damage to the mucous membrane.
The disease can develop in acute or chronic form, with differences in provoking factors, mechanism of injury and features of the course of the disease. Inflammation of the mucous membrane can be caused by:
- poisoning with drugs, toxic substances or alcohol – toxic type;
- circulatory disorders in the intestinal vessels and tissue necrosis - ischemic type;
- rapid proliferation of pathogenic microflora - infectious colitis;
- stress and nervous disorders - spastic type;
- weakening of the motor function of the intestinal muscles - atonic colitis;
- food intolerance – allergic;
- insufficient nutrition, overeating or abuse of fatty and spicy foods – nutritional type.
The course of the disease always goes through several stages of its development, each of which causes its own morphological damage to the mucous membrane, and which must be taken into account when drawing up therapeutic nutrition, these are:
- catarrhal, the initial stage of mucosal damage, which lasts no more than three days, and in most cases goes away on its own;
- erosive, which is a harbinger of ulcerative lesions;
- ulcerative, in which the mucous membrane becomes covered with bleeding ulcers;
- fibrous, covering the intestinal walls with fibrin films.
Such diversity of the disease does not allow the development of a single nutritional plan, so the correct diet for intestinal colitis should be written separately for each patient.
The main task that doctors need to solve with the help of diet is:
- providing the body with the necessary components;
- eliminate the processes of rotting and fermentation;
- reduce the activity of the inflammatory process.
Until recently, all patients diagnosed with intestinal colitis were prescribed diet No. 4 during an exacerbation period, and diet No. 4b, during a chronic, sluggish process of inflammation. But the World Organization of Gastroenterologists has questioned this practice. It is impossible to prohibit or allow the same products for people with spastic and ulcerative colitis or with catarrhal and toxic.
Nutrition should contribute to overall recovery, and if with spastic colitis it is important not to irritate the patient so as not to aggravate the situation, then with ulcerative inflammation it is important to promote the healing of erosions and ulcers.
The rules for drawing up a nutritional diet for various forms of the disease include:
- identifying the trigger and excluding it from the daily menu;
- providing the patient’s body with all nutritional components in sufficient quantities;
- preventing the development of hypovitaminosis and metabolic disorders;
- prolongation of periods of subsidence of the disease and reduction in the number of exacerbations.
Five principles of dietary nutrition for colitis:
- Replenishing the lack of vitamins and minerals. For this purpose, various nutritional supplements containing probiotics and prebiotics are used.
- Elimination of products containing lactose, as the most powerful provocateurs of inflammation and fermentation.
- Abolition of coarse fiber and foods rich in carbohydrates, as provocateurs of gas formation.
- A ban on aggressive fats and alcohol, which causes increased secretion of aggressive enzymes.
- The predominance of protein foods, which have healing properties.
Triggers or foods that cause various eating disorders vary from person to person. Even with a spastic form of the disease, foods can provoke dyspeptic disorders. The most common intolerance is to lactose, a little less often to gluten and other wheat proteins; the next provocateur is monosaccharides and caffeine.
Moreover, the reaction in patients is not unambiguous; in response to the consumption of the same products in patients with different forms of colitis, the body can respond with both diarrhea and constipation, or a combination of these manifestations at the same time.
Attacks of exacerbation of colitis, characterized by pain, flatulence and diarrhea, are caused by such products as:
- vegetables – in 40% of all patients;
- fruits, especially citrus fruits – in 30% of patients;
- smoked meat and fish products – in 26% of patients;
- baked goods and alcohol - in 38% of patients.
Exacerbation of colitis with a predominance of constipation and bloating is promoted by foods rich in plant fiber, these are:
- legumes;
- bran;
- popcorn;
- nuts and seeds.
You should be careful with products containing a lot of oxalic acid, these are:
- rhubarb;
- parsley;
- spinach;
- sorrel.
They increase irritation of the intestinal mucosa, cause severe pain in most patients, and provoke constipation and diarrhea at the same time. Therefore, in case of acute colitis of any etiology, these products should be excluded from the menu. Even with the catarrhal type of pathology, they try to exclude aggressive triggers to the maximum, so that the inflammation stops on its own and does not move on to the next stage of development.
In addition to individual selection of products, nutrition for colitis of any form and stage of development requires compliance with the following rules:
- Diet
- Temperature of ready meals
- Type of heat treatment
Food intake is carried out in small portions at frequent intervals. This reduces the load on the intestines, eliminates its overstretching, and facilitates absorption.
Both cold and hot foods can increase intestinal irritation. Therefore, you need to consume food at a temperature that is comfortable for the intestines, which is approximately 25*C – 55*C.
All dishes can only be steamed or boiled in lightly salted water. This is a categorical requirement for a diet of any type of colitis. In addition, in the acute period, it is better to take food in pureed form. This will help the sick intestine cope with the breakdown more easily and absorb it better.
5 / 5 ( 3 votes)
When treating and preventing diseases of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), a gentle diet is prescribed, table No. 2. At the same time, it is important to understand what you can and cannot eat, as well as follow your diet.
Prescription of diet table No. 2 for gastritis and colitis
Dietary food for gastritis of the stomach and intestinal colitis is prescribed to people for the following indications:
- Chronic enteritis.
- Colitis after the acute stage, acute colitis.
- Chronic gastritis and gastric secretory insufficiency in the stage of recovery or smooth course of the disease.
- Enteritis and gastritis are in the recovery stage.
In addition, a second table is necessary for people during the preoperative period, as well as for recovery after illnesses.
What not to eat - menu for the week
The nutrition system is organized according to certain rules that must be followed to achieve the desired result:
- A number of foods are completely or partially excluded from the diet, and it is also necessary to adhere to certain cooking methods:
- Spicy, fatty, sour foods and foods high in salt are removed from the diet.
- It is advisable to use recipes in which foods need to be boiled or stewed, as well as baked or steamed. Fried foods can be consumed in limited quantities.
- Food is taken five times during the day, portions should not exceed two hundred grams.
- Do not eat food hot or cold.
- It is imperative to avoid drinking alcohol and quit smoking.
To properly organize dietary nutrition, which is provided for in table No. 2, it is necessary to draw up a menu for the week in advance with a selection of recommended products that can provide the body with all the necessary substances and will have a positive effect on the functioning of the gastrointestinal tract.
Products to include in your weekly menu
- Non-dairy bakery products in dried form, it is advisable to exclude fresh bread.
- Dairy products, with the exception of those containing large amounts of acid, as well as oil in small quantities.
- First and second courses, which are prepared from lean meat and fish.
- Fruits and berries, with the exception of sour and hard varieties.
- Vegetables that do not irritate the gastric mucosa.
- Cereals that cook well, with the exception of millet and pearl barley. It is allowed to consume some varieties of legumes.
- Drinking various drinks, juices and tea. Juices must be chosen that are not sour and it is advisable to dilute them with water. Tea or coffee should be drunk weak and with milk added. In general, with diet number two, it is recommended to drink at least two liters of fluid per day. You can drink mineral water without gas.
List of recommended dishes Therapeutic and health-improving diets, which are divided into tables, were developed back in the days of the Soviet Union. They have fifteen varieties, each of which has its own number and serves for:
- prevention;
- treatment of certain diseases.
Each disease at a certain stage has its own table.
Chronic gastritis of the stomach is a common disease, the main cause of which is poor nutrition. Often this disease can appear due to:
- other past illnesses;
- exposure to medications that affect the gastric mucosa.
Symptoms of the disease and recommended diet for chronic gastritis of the stomach. The chronic form of this disease can occur against the background of increased or, conversely, decreased acidity in the gastrointestinal tract. If the disease is in the recovery stage, then you should adhere to the diet, which is determined by table No. 2.
Permitted and prohibited products Symptoms for prescribing a diet
The diet is prescribed for the following signs and symptoms:
- Pain appears after eating in the stomach or hypochondrium.
- An unpleasant taste may appear in your mouth.
- Heartburn occurs, which may be accompanied by sour belching.
- Feeling of fullness in the stomach.
- The occurrence of constipation.
- Poor appetite.
During the period of exacerbation of chronic gastritis, the menu is more strict, and the diet itself is more gentle. During this period it is necessary:
- eat foods that are easily digestible in small quantities;
- reduce the volume of liquid consumed to 1500 ml.
Doctors recommend sticking to a diet that is determined by the diet of the first table. It is characterized by the fact that mainly grated products are used for food. Fried foods are completely excluded. Before going to bed, you should drink milk. The number of calories consumed during the day should not exceed three thousand.
Chronic atrophic gastritis
If the disease is in the stage of chronic atrophic gastritis, then a diet is prescribed that corresponds to treatment table No. 2. With this disease:
- the gastric mucosa becomes inflamed;
- atrophy of glandular cells occurs, which are replaced by intestinal-type epithelium.
Atrophic gastritis is manifested by the following symptoms:
- Severe abdominal pain appears.
- Frequent cases of constipation, as well as diarrhea, which can be chronic.
- Heartburn occurs.
- Sudden loss of appetite.
- A coating appears on the tongue, which has a yellow-gray color.
Diet for chronic gastritis with high acidity
Features of the diet for chronic gastritis with high acidity. The signs of this form of the disease are similar to other types of gastritis, but the most characteristic are:
- Heartburn.
- Pain in the hypochondrium.
- Characteristic sour belching.
- Nausea appears, which can progress to vomiting.
- Abdominal pain at night or between meals.
In this case, therapeutic diet number two is prescribed. In this case, you need to pay attention to the amount of fluid consumed - at least three liters, and also completely eliminate foods that contain acid. Recommended to use:
- liquid porridge;
- steamed dishes.
Diet for chronic intestinal colitis
If doctors diagnose chronic intestinal colitis, then you should adhere to the diet, which is determined by the fourth table. The set of products and methods of preparing them are the same as at the second table, but liquid consumption should be reduced to one and a half liters. It is better if the dishes are steamed.
You should select a diet for colitis based on the condition of your stool. The symptoms of this disease are similar to chronic gastritis, so for proper diagnosis you should:
Ovchinnikova Natalya Ivanovna| Gastroenterologist, Hepatologist, Infectious disease specialist30 years of experience / Doctor of the highest category, Candidate of Medical Sciences
Education:
Diploma in General Medicine, Novosibirsk State Medical Institute (1988), Residency in Gastroenterology, Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education (1997)
A diet for colitis during an exacerbation helps to get rid of a number of unpleasant symptoms that accompany it. A diet during exacerbation of intestinal colitis should be followed from the onset of the first symptoms of the pathology - the longer the large intestine is exposed to negative factors, the more pain the patient will experience. It is very important to eat healthy food during the acute period of the disease, but it is better to initially follow the principles of proper nutrition.
During an exacerbation of the disease, as well as for prevention purposes, it is recommended to follow the following nutritional principles:
- you should eat little and often (meals should be divided into 6 meals throughout the day);
- food should be chewed thoroughly;
- before meals, it is recommended to eat a small apple without peel each time;
- you should avoid solid and dry foods;
- do not eat very hot or cold foods;
- Requires ample fluid intake.
Treatment of colitis
It is always complex and consists of taking medications and a special diet. The goal of treatment is to eliminate the symptoms and causes of the disease, as well as restore bowel function. The prescribed medications are designed to normalize stool, relieve the patient of diarrhea, and help speed up the restoration of damaged tissue and normal intestinal microflora.
Surgery to treat the disease is very rarely used. An exception is ulcerative colitis or colonic ischemia. When ulcerative colitis is diagnosed, treatment without surgery will not bring the desired result.
Additionally, vitamins and drugs that strengthen the immune system are taken, and physical therapy courses are conducted. For any type of colitis, a diet according to Pevzner is required - “Table No. 4”; depending on the symptoms, one of the types of diet is prescribed - “a”, “b” or “c”.
Read more about the “Table No. 4” diet
Diet Table No. 4 is used for chronic or acute forms of colitis during an exacerbation of the disease. The purpose of the diet is to normalize digestion, relieve inflammation, and reduce the processes of fermentation and putrefaction. The diet involves reducing the amount of carbohydrates and fats consumed (the protein content remains normal).
When following a diet, thermal and chemical irritation of the mucous membranes of the stomach and intestines is limited. The menu of this diet contains liquid dishes, as well as boiled or steamed ones.
The diet for colitis during an exacerbation allows the consumption of the following products:
- slimy soups based on low-fat broth;
- boiled or steamed lean meat, chicken (without skin), fish;
- fermented milk products;
- porridge with water from rice, semolina or oatmeal;
- jelly and jellies from fruits and berries;
- fresh vegetables and fruits in grated form;
- omelettes or boiled eggs;
- biscuits, biscuits, crackers;
- decoctions of rose hips, currants, barberry, quince, tea, juices (except plum, apricot, quince);
- hard unsalted cheese;
- baked apples, bananas, pears;
- marshmallows and marmalade;
- from seasonings - cinnamon.
During inflammatory processes occurring in the intestines, it is necessary to consume enveloping products (linseed oil, oatmeal or rice broth), which form a film on the intestinal walls, thereby reducing the susceptibility of the mucous membrane and protecting the affected area from additional irritation.
The diet must include foods that contain B vitamins. Due to damage to the mucous membrane, the synthesis of some of these vitamins does not occur as needed, so the nervous system and heart begin to function worse due to a lack of vitamins.
Prohibited products for colitis in the acute stage include:
- smoked meats, marinades, pickles, fatty and fried foods;
- fatty meat and fish;
- rich soups;
- legumes, millet and pearl barley, peas, beans;
- fried or hard-boiled eggs;
- rye bread and pastry;
- borsch;
- milk soups, dairy and fermented milk products - cottage cheese, sour cream, cream, cheese;
- onions, garlic, sour fruits (especially citrus fruits) and vegetables;
- fresh spices and herbs;
- kvass, alcoholic and carbonated drinks.
An exacerbation of the disease is observed after eating smoked meat and fish - in 26% of patients, due to baking and alcohol - in 38%.
The diet during an acute period of the disease should be gradual. At the beginning of an exacerbation, the patient adheres to one diet, which is indicated for the period of exacerbation, then switches to another, less strict menu, which follows after the exacerbation of colitis is relieved. Thus, there is a gradual transfer of the body to a normal diet.
Diet variations according to Pevzner
The Pevzner “Table No. 4” diet, which is prescribed for colitis, has three types. In the acute form of the disease, “Table 4a” is recommended. During this diet, food is consumed in small portions (200-300g). It is allowed to eat steamed meat and fish dishes, low-fat broths, steamed omelettes, pureed cottage cheese, crackers, boiled eggs, green tea, rosehip infusion, coffee, and sweet fruit jelly. Products that contain a lot of fiber, as well as spicy and rough foods are excluded from the menu.
After the “Table No. 4a” diet, diet 4b is prescribed. With it, they eat the same food as with diet 4a, but you can supplement the diet with pumpkin, carrots, zucchini, potatoes, and cauliflower. It is also allowed to consume low-fat milk and sour cream, kefir, curd mass, and cream. Among sweets, marshmallows, jams, and marmalade are allowed. You can add a little milk to coffee and tea.
Before switching to a regular diet, you need to eat the 4B diet for about a week. It is allowed to eat porridge with milk, but diluted, eat vegetable casseroles, drink compotes and juices. Some foods can be lightly fried.
Menu options during an exacerbation period
An approximate daily menu for exacerbation of colitis looks like this:
- breakfast: porridge with water from oatmeal, cottage cheese - all grated, unsweetened tea;
- second breakfast: blueberries (dry berries);
- lunch: chicken broth with semolina, steamed meatballs, rice porridge with water, jelly;
- dinner: steamed omelette, grated buckwheat porridge, tea;
- a few hours before bedtime: oatmeal or fruit jelly.
For convenience, you can create a sample menu for the week:
| Breakfast | Lunch | Dinner | Afternoon snack | Dinner | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Monday | 2 egg omelette, green tea | Vegetable soup, steamed vegetables, jelly | Carrots and apples, grated, no sugar | Zucchini casserole, tea | |
| Tuesday | Vegetable salad, tea | Baked apple | Vegetable soup, boiled or stewed beef with beets | Dried fruits | Zrazy from zucchini and carrots |
| Wednesday | Boiled beets, grated, seasoned with oil, green tea | Any fresh vegetables from the permitted list | Low-fat fish soup, cabbage rolls | Grated apple and carrots | Stewed vegetables (zucchini, onions, eggplant, carrots) |
| Thursday | Eggplant caviar, crackers, tea | Fruits from the list of allowed | Low-fat fish soup, stewed cabbage | Low-fat cottage cheese, optionally with the addition of dried apricots | Zucchini and carrot pancakes |
| Friday | Vegetable salad, tea | Yogurt (1 cup) | Vegetable cauliflower soup, apple casserole | Prunes | Pancakes, lean meat and vegetables |
| Saturday | Oatmeal with berries, green tea | Vegetable cauliflower soup, vegetable stew | Boiled beets and carrots | Steamed lean meat cutlets, tea | |
| Sunday | Omelet with tomatoes, tea | Carrots and apple, grated | Green cabbage soup, beef and pumpkin stew | Tea with dried fruits | Steamed meatballs, tea |
Nutrition during the subsidence of the acute period
Following a strict diet during an exacerbation of intestinal colitis helps to quickly stabilize the condition. The diet can be gradually expanded: after the acute period has passed, it is allowed to eat not only boiled and steamed dishes, but also baked dishes (the crust must be removed). You can gradually add to the list of permitted products:
- potatoes and ripe tomatoes in limited quantities;
- pasta as an additive to soups;
- products made from lean dough (pies with fruit, cottage cheese, eggs or meat, buns);
- ripe fruits and berries, always peeled and pitted;
- marmalade, marshmallows, marshmallows, jam, jam;
- weak coffee.
As your condition improves, you can expand the list of products by consuming small amounts of vegetable oil, sausages, and other forbidden foods. This is aimed at preparing the intestines to process any food.
Types of diet depending on the form of the disease
Nutritional features during colitis during an exacerbation largely depend on the symptoms of the disease. Based on the manifestations of the disease, nutrition may be as follows:
Colitis with constipation. The main emphasis in nutrition in this case is on fermented milk products. Hard foods should be ground or crushed. You can eat lightly fried foods.
Nonspecific ulcerative colitis. The basis of nutrition is protein foods - you can eat fish, cottage cheese, chicken, soft-boiled eggs. Fats for nonspecific ulcerative colitis are consumed in small amounts.
Spastic colitis. Since this type of pathology is accompanied by pain, it is important to eat food that does not irritate the intestines. Preference is given to pureed soups and boiled porridges. It is recommended to steam meat and fish.
Colitis with diarrhea. To stabilize intestinal function, you should eat dried bread. The diet includes boiled meat and fish. Fried and hard-boiled eggs are strictly prohibited. Fatty foods are completely excluded from the diet.
Catarrhal colitis. For the first 2-3 days, you are only allowed to drink herbal decoctions and still mineral water. Later it is allowed to eat in small portions, gradually increasing the number of meals. You should avoid smoked meats, milk, and legumes.
Atrophic colitis. With this pathology, preference is given to products that do not contain coarse fiber.
Prevention of exacerbations of colitis
The best prevention of gastrointestinal pathologies is diet.
If you have colitis during an exacerbation, it is very important to eat healthy foods. But it is easier to prevent the disease, so it is advised to constantly adhere to the rules of a healthy diet, avoid nervous tension and stress, get rid of bad habits - smoking and drinking alcohol, drink antiviral drugs and antibiotics only as prescribed by a doctor, while simultaneously taking medications that protect the stomach and intestines.
Why does colitis occur and its symptoms?
The main cause of colitis is usually considered to be improper nutrition - violation of food intake, consumption of unhealthy foods, alcohol abuse. Colitis can also develop due to helminthic infestation or intestinal infection, with long-term use of antibiotics and laxatives, food allergies, surgical interventions or injuries in the abdominal area, and frequent stress.
The course of this pathology at an early stage is not very pronounced, discomfort is not permanent, but appears sporadically and can alternate with each other, so patients rarely seek medical help at the initial stage. This is how colitis becomes chronic with exacerbations. To stabilize your health, a diet is indicated. In case of pathology in the acute stage, nutrition should be gentle.
The transition of colitis from the chronic stage to the acute stage can be determined by characteristic symptoms: pain and rumbling in the abdomen, bloating, the presence of constipation or constant diarrhea, the presence of mucus in the stool. The main symptom of colitis is the absence of normal stool - the patient experiences false urges that do not lead to bowel movements, or small amounts of liquid feces are released during bowel movements.
There may be bloody discharge in the stool. Pain in the abdomen is characterized by cramping in nature and is accompanied by flatulence. The more intense the inflammation in the intestines, the more pronounced the signs of pathology will be.
Colitis during an exacerbation is accompanied by headaches, weakness, and fever. But symptoms may differ depending on the nature of the defect in the organ mucosa or the presence of concomitant pathologies.
Consequences of not following the diet
Proper nutrition in the treatment of colitis is essential, and non-compliance with nutritional rules and the presence of harmful foods can provoke the development of dangerous consequences. Patients will constantly experience exacerbations. In some cases, colitis can develop into an ulcerative form, which will lead to intestinal bleeding and the development of peritonitis.
Therapeutic diet No. 2 is prescribed to patients with various forms of gastritis, but it can also be prescribed for stomach ulcers and other diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Typically, this diet is used after an exacerbation of the disease. What does it cure?
Reference
Colitis is an inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the large intestine.
Enteritis is an inflammatory process in the small intestine. Indications for prescribing a therapeutic diet number two are
- chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency during mild exacerbation and in the recovery stage after exacerbation;
- acute gastritis, enteritis, colitis during the recovery period, the diet is used as a transition to a balanced diet;
- chronic enteritis and colitis after and without exacerbation and without concomitant diseases of the liver, biliary tract, pancreas or gastritis with preserved or increased secretion.
The diet is also indicated during the recovery period after acute infections and operations.
Basic diet rules
Medicinal juice
Carrot-spinach juice has good therapeutic properties. To prepare it, you need to mix six parts spinach juice with ten parts carrot juice. You can drink this juice three to four times a day.
Treatment of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract with the help of nutrition begins after the exacerbation of the disease has been relieved. In the first three to five days, it is recommended to eat fruits, in particular apples, pears, grapes, peaches and melons. Fruits should be juicy and fresh. You can and should drink freshly squeezed fruit juices.
After a few days, it is allowed to include porridge, puree soups, and low-fat cottage cheese in the diet.
Therapeutic diet number 2 involves consuming plenty of fluids, approximately 8-10 glasses of water daily. But you should not drink while eating, as liquid dilutes digestive juices and slows down the digestive process.
What is prohibited
During the therapeutic diet, tobacco and alcohol are prohibited. In extreme cases, when the patient is unable to give up smoking, smoking can only be done after eating. Meat foods, pepper and other seasonings, strong tea and coffee, sweets and cookies, cakes and sparkling water are also prohibited. Fats, lard, pork, beef and lamb fats are strictly prohibited.
The following are strictly excluded from the diet:
-fresh bread and flour products from butter and puff pastry;
-milk soups, pea soup, bean soup, millet soup, okroshka;
-fatty types of meat (pork and lamb) and poultry, duck, goose, smoked meats, canned food (except for dietary products);
- fatty and hot sauces, mustard, pepper, horseradish;
-fatty fish, salted and smoked fish, canned fish snacks; - hard-boiled eggs;
- legumes, millet, pearl barley, barley, corn grits;
-raw, ungrated vegetables, pickled and salted vegetables, onions, radishes, radishes, sweet peppers;
-coarse varieties of fruits and berries in raw form, berries with coarse grains (raspberries, red currants) or rough skin (gooseberries), dates, figs;
-sweets, chocolate and cream products, ice cream;
-alcohol, grape juice, kvass.
List of permitted products:
-Wheat bread should be made from premium flour, 1st and 2nd grade, yesterday’s baking or dried. You can also eat savory sweet or meat baked goods and cookies.
-Soups are cooked in weak, low-fat meat and fish broth, in decoctions of vegetables and mushrooms. ------Vegetables need to be finely chopped or pureed; potatoes, cereals, vermicelli, noodles and meatballs are allowed.
-Only meat without tendons is allowed, and all the skin must be cut off. The meat can be boiled, baked and fried; breading is prohibited, but it can be brushed with egg. Cutlets made from beef, veal, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, young lean lamb and pork, as well as boiled tongue and milk sausages are allowed. Veal, rabbit, chickens, and turkeys can be cooked in pieces.
-Low-fat types and varieties of fish are boiled, baked, stewed or fried. The main thing is no breading.
-Dairy products are allowed, you can safely drink kefir, yogurt and other fermented milk drinks, eat fresh cottage cheese in any form, cheese is allowed in grated form or in slices. Sour cream can be used in portions of up to 15 g per dish. Milk and cream are added to dishes or drinks.
-Eggs are cooked soft-boiled, steamed, not overcooked scrambled eggs and scrambled eggs are allowed.
-Porridges are prepared with water or with the addition of milk.
-Of vegetables, potatoes, zucchini, pumpkin, carrots, beets, cauliflower are allowed; if tolerated, white cabbage and green peas are allowed. Vegetables are boiled, stewed or baked. You can also use ripe tomatoes and finely chopped greens.
-Fruits and mashed berries, compotes, jelly, jellies, mousses, baked apples. If tolerated, you can take tangerines, oranges, watermelon, and grapes without skin, 100–200 g per day.
-Sweets: you can have creamy caramel, toffee, marmalade, pastille, marshmallows, sugar, honey, jams, preserves.
-Sauces: you can use sour cream and white with lemon. When preparing sauces, you can use vanillin, cinnamon, a little bay leaf, dill, parsley, and celery.
-You can drink tea with lemon, coffee and cocoa with water and milk, vegetable, fruit and berry juices, slightly diluted with water. Rosehip and bran decoctions are allowed.
Important!
A specific diet for a patient should be formulated under the direct supervision of a physician.
