To improve the demographic situation in the country, programs have been introduced that are designed to support parents with many children. Agree, in order to decide to give birth to a child in our turbulent times, you need strong nerves, health, finances and a little confidence in the future. And if health depends only on one’s own efforts, then the state may well provide financial support.
Help for large families
First, let's define the terms. In accordance with modern legislation, a family with three or more minor children is considered to have many children. It does not matter whether the family is complete (both parents are present) or whether only one of the parents takes care of the children. The blood relationship between parents and children is also not taken into account: children adopted by one or two parents have full equal rights with their relatives. But the place where the children actually live matters. For example, there are two children living in a family, and one of the spouses has a child from previous marriage who lives with the other parent. Such a family will not receive the status of a large family, regardless of the degree of support provided to the child living separately.
As one might expect, all problems cannot be solved with the help of officials and social workers. But on the part of the state, this is quite significant assistance to families raising more than two natural or adopted children. There are two areas for providing support: benefits and allowances. Let's see how true the ruling circles are to their promises, and what subsidies are provided to parents with many children in Moscow in 2017.
In Moscow, assistance to parents with many children is provided within a short time after a request is received from them. But how effective is this help?
Benefits
The law is a powerful tool, especially when it is necessary to protect the interests of children and their parents. Acts in force since 2017 have approved the following benefits that will help large families do not succumb to the general crisis panic:
- tax benefits– all benefits and subsidies received by families are not subject to personal income tax;
- discount on all housing services. This 30 percent of the total payment for utilities, as well as assistance in purchasing fuel for the private sector, should reduce the financial burden;
- parents with many children will be allowed not to pay transport tax. Moscow has also adopted a regulatory act that provides such families with a free parking space for a year. But even here there are some nuances. You can only avoid paying tax on one car per family. If there are more vehicles available, parents must choose which one will be included in the preferential list. Free annual parking in the capital will also be issued for only one vehicle;
- families are entitled to provide medications to children under six years of age (only with prescriptions prescribed by a doctor);
- Children are entitled to free travel on public transport;
- priority right to place a child in a preschool institution;
- land tax is also levied at reduced rates. It is possible to allocate 15 acres for building a house. Interest-free loans are provided for farming activities;
- large families that have issued documents for private entrepreneurship do not pay registration fees;
- One set of school uniform is provided free of charge, as well as clothing for sports activities. True, in the capital they can replace such in-kind benefits with monetary compensation, which we will talk about a little further;
- Once a year, vouchers to sanatoriums or summer camps rest. The state will also pay half the cost of a ticket for any type of intercity transport, provided that it runs within the state.
Again about the sore point. True, all this has been published many times, but once again for those who missed it.
The amendment regarding free parking can be completed at any MFC. Before this, you need to obtain a SNILS (also at the MFC, but at your place of registration) and apply for a transport tax benefit (again at any MFC), for which you need to be the owner of the car.
By the way, they forgot about free travel on public transport for one parent. And the impossibility of dismissal father of many children if he is the only breadwinner. In some places there is also such a thing as a dedicated day at the children's clinic, when children from a large family can undergo medical examination. More work experience for mothers of many children. Somehow I don’t remember everything anymore. What else do we have?
It turns out that large families have many legal benefits and opportunities that are prescribed by law and which few people know about. After all, alas, large families, as a rule, are less aware of their rights than all other “beneficiaries”. They always have no time, they always do everything on the fly and draw up only what is “heard of.”
We have laws, and many of them, as it turns out, are useful and not bad. But for some reason they often don’t work. They don’t work, partly because we simply don’t know about them. That is, they act, but only on paper, not in life.
In general, we have a strange attitude towards laws: we want legality, we complain that no one follows the laws, but in fact, deep down and subconsciously, it’s as if we ourselves don’t really need them. First of all, we ourselves do not understand what they are for and how to use them. And we don’t know a lot.
And it turns out that this is not a bad state, which, it turns out, passes necessary and useful laws. And we ourselves are lazy and incurious. That's why we tolerate 24-hour shops on the first floors of our houses, near which drunks and teenagers scream all night. We get nervous, don’t sleep, and sometimes even call the police. Although, according to the law on silence and building codes, shops in residential buildings must be open until a maximum of 23.00, and it is enough to go and write a few pieces of paper to the council, district police officer or prosecutor’s office for this disgrace to stop.
We replace leaking batteries in our apartments at our own expense. Although, according to the law, they belong to common household property, and their replacement is already included in the cost of the “maintenance and repair” service, so in the event of an accident, the HOA/housing office must replace them with new ones without any additional payment.
Many people pay for the installation of water meters, although there is a whole list of people who should install them for free. This even applies to citizens of Belarus and Kyrgyzstan living in the Russian Federation!
This is especially true for large families. They, as a rule, know less about their rights than all other “beneficiaries”. After all, they always have no time, they always do everything on the fly and draw up only what they hear. Namely, a discount on rent and free travel - this, in general, is the entire list of benefits that large families most often enjoy.
But this is not all that people with many children have every right to.
Let's start in order.
1) The federal law gives the right to 50% compensation for travel by any type of transport to the place of sanatorium holiday for a large family, as well as the right to provide children under 18 years of age with free vouchers to sanatoriums, children's health camps etc. That is, children under the age of 18 from large families (families with three or more children), if there are medical indications, have the right to priority provision of vouchers to sanatorium-resort treatment and other health-improving institutions.
To receive this benefit, in addition to documents confirming having many children and the identity of the parents and child, you need to take a medical certificate from the clinic in the form 070/u-04 and contact the clinic or the district office social protection population at the place of residence.
Benefits of this kind can generally vary greatly depending on the region. Thus, every large family from the Moscow region can receive partial compensation for the cost of tour packages once a year. Moreover, no one forces you to go only where they tell you. You can even go on vacation abroad. This could be a sanatorium, a holiday home or just a hotel, and, depending on your family’s income, you will be refunded from 50 to 90% of the cost of the trip.
To receive compensation, among other documents proving identity and having many children, parents must provide:
Certificate of income
Document confirming payment for the trip (cash receipt or receipt)
Contract for the purchase of a voucher
A document confirming the child’s stay in this holiday destination.
However, as you can see, to receive this benefit, your vacation must be as legal and documented as possible. You need to have all the receipts, the agreement on the basis of which you vacationed, etc. It is clear that it is not always possible to comply with these conditions.
2) In addition to the well-known federal maternity capital, in many regions there are also their own, regional maternal capital. Typically this is a cash benefit of approximately 100 thousand rubles, which can be used in the same way as federal maternity capital. However, in a number of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, money from regional maternity capital can be used to purchase a car, land, or treat a child.
3) People with many children have the right to priority admission of children to kindergartens and payment for kindergarten on preferential terms(depending on the region). Moreover, the discount on payment should also apply to additional kindergarten services (clubs), which are often literally imposed on parents, but they are not told about such a discount.
4) Children from large families study at a 50% discount in music schools, art schools and other non-profit institutions of additional education. In some regions, sports and recreation complexes included in state system physical culture and sports, for children from large families are generally free.
5) In schools and professional educational institutions students from large families are provided with free breakfasts and lunches. Parents with many children must be compensated annually for the cost of a set of school uniforms and sportswear for their children. The school must also provide free textbooks or reimburse parents for their cost.
True, about compensation for school uniform there is a trick. Depending on the region, as is often the case with us, this benefit may be subject to conditions that are difficult to implement. For example, in the Moscow region, this benefit applies only to low-income families, and the amount of compensation is only 1,500 rubles.
However, it would still be wise for you to at least find out what conditions for receiving this benefit are offered in your region. After all, these conditions may turn out to be quite feasible, “within the framework”.
Also in Moscow, children under 7 years of age from large families are provided free distribution of dairy baby food products according to doctors' prescriptions. To receive this benefit, you must submit an application to the department of social protection of the population at your place of residence.
6) Many people don’t know that up to the age of six, children from large families should be provided with free medicines according to doctor’s prescriptions(to do this you just need to go to the clinic). True, as a rule, the list of such drugs available in a particular clinic will most likely be very short.
7) Also, few people know that according to the federal law, which applies to all regions of Russia, children from large families have the right to receive services in clinics without a queue(just show your ID). And the fact that this is not written on the doors of offices in clinics does not mean at all that this law does not exist and does not need to be followed. At least the doctors themselves are well aware of this.
8) Once a month, families with many children can go to a museum or one of the cultural and recreation parks for free. For example, in Moscow in the park named after. Gorky boating is free for families with many children, and on one day of the week you can take children on rides for free. Even in Moscow, families with many children can visit most museums, the zoo, exhibitions, botanical gardens and other entertainment and educational facilities for free, any day of the week. The Moscow Planetarium also provides a 50% discount on entrance tickets for large families.
9) All people with many children have a wonderful opportunity go to the Bolshoi Theater. The administration of the Bolshoi Theater allocates a certain number of tickets for “beneficiaries” for each performance. The cost of such discounted tickets is only 100 rubles, regardless of the stage (Main or New)! You can buy 2 tickets per ID. To buy discounted tickets, you need to find out the start date of ticket sales for the performance you want and arrive on that day when the box office opens at 11 a.m., or (which is less convenient for parents) drive up to the box office right on the day of the performance, about 1.5-2 hours in advance before it starts and buy a ticket. True, it is clear that there may not be enough tickets.
10) People with many children do not pay transport tax on their personal car.
In addition, recently large families In Moscow, the right to free car parking has appeared. True, the benefit is currently issued only in one place: at the State Public Institution “Administrator of the Moscow Parking Space” (http://parking.mos.ru) at 19 Skakovaya St. Opening hours: Tuesday or Thursday from 8.30 to 17.00. Moreover, there are a lot of people who want to apply for this benefit, and registration takes several days.
However, recently it also became possible to receive this benefit on the State Services portal (http://pgu.mos.ru/ru/services/online/). Now you can apply for free car parking without leaving your home.
11) In addition, for families with many children in Moscow there is such a wonderful benefit as free use of - what would you think - the services of bathhouses, however, not all, but those under the jurisdiction of the Moscow Government (Moscow Law of November 23, 2005 No. 60). True, the whole family can wash themselves for free once a month. Otherwise, people with many children probably wouldn’t get out of the bathhouses. To “wash”, you must present the ID of a large family when visiting the bathhouse.
12) Also, large families living in Moscow are entitled to a monthly compensation payment due to the rising cost of living. Regardless of the family’s income level, if there are 3-4 children, they are entitled to 600 rubles. for everyone. And for families with 5 or more children - 750 rubles for each child. To receive this benefit, you must submit an application to the department of social protection of the population at your place of residence for payment of benefits (compensation payments).
13) And also Large families in Moscow are entitled to a monthly compensation payment for using the telephone! In 2013 it amounted to 230 rubles.
14) There are also labor benefits for parents with many children. Namely, for employees with two or more children under 14 years of age (students under 16 years of age) according to Labor Code The Russian Federation is granted additional annual leave without pay for up to 14 calendar days.
True, the question arises: why does a parent with many children need unpaid leave? To calmly gnaw on crackers bought with the same 600 rubles allocated for a child?
15) Also according to the above-mentioned law of the mountains. Moscow dated November 23, 2005, mothers who have given birth to and raised five or more children are provided with free production and repair of dentures (except for dentures made of precious metals, porcelain, metal ceramics) in government institutions healthcare. True, this will be the most modest version of prosthetics - something like iron teeth, for everything else you will have to pay extra. And it will not be easy to find a master for this work.
So, let's stop there for now. After all, all this is not even full list- with all its modest splendor. Because there is still the right to receive free land plot, for preferential loans, for financial assistance if the family is low-income. There are many more regional legislative nuances. After all, the federal law on large families, under which we live, was adopted more than 20 years ago under grandfather Yeltsin; it lists only the most general rights of large families, and each region sets the specifics itself.
But “uploading rights” in our authorities also needs to be done competently and skillfully. There is no need to make a scandal or prove something in a raised voice. And first of all, you need to study all your rights and laws yourself, using the Internet or by going to a lawyer, write them down on a piece of paper or print them out. Officials can resist and deny for a long time, but as soon as they see the exact name of a law or regulation before their eyes, their ardor immediately weakens. It convinces them even more if the person knows where to go to complain if they refuse, so be sure to study this issue as well. Moreover, be sure to demand a written refusal, with which you will later go to the council or the ministry - this works without fail.
And there is no need to be shy and ask: “Are there any discounts or benefits for large families?” This is not begging, but our civil right. After all, our society believes that people have the right to abortion, to get rid of children, and the state pays for this right from our general taxes. People with many children pay taxes just like everyone else, and at the same time give birth to children, which, as the state declares, it really needs. So why can’t people with many children demand what they are entitled to by law?
In general, if you look more or less impartially, you can clearly see that with all the abundance of the list, a good half of the benefits are either subject to difficult-to-fulfill conditions (such as compensation for a school uniform or summer holiday in the Moscow region), or is generally useless - like additional unpaid leave for a parent with many children. All this is true, but it does not change the fact that the first half is still worth fighting for. For example, free school breakfasts and lunches for children from large families or free visits to museums and recreation parks - all this is real, all this works.
So - take action!
In our country, the state, one way or another, tries to stimulate the birth rate by providing families with children with financial assistance in the form of payments and allowances, as well as benefits. Due to the fact that in the regions the pricing policy is somewhat different from the capital and the region, therefore Moscow and the region can count on greater financial assistance from the state. Next, we will talk about what benefits are available to large families in Moscow.
A family can be considered large if it has more than three children, born or adopted, it does not matter. It doesn’t matter whether it’s a full family or only one parent raising children. The only thing important condition– all children must live with a parent who is applying for the status of having many children.
Before receiving benefits and payments, you must obtain a certificate of a large family. This can be done immediately after the birth of the third child in the social protection authorities at the place of residence. To do this, you need to provide all documents, including a passport, certificates of marriage (if registered) and birth of children (passports for children over 14 years old), as well as a certificate of family composition.
Please note that a large family is considered such until the children reach the age of majority, that is, if one of the three children is 18 years old, the family will not receive the status of a large family.
Regional benefits
Let us briefly consider what benefits large families have in Moscow at the regional level. That is, we will talk about those benefits that are available only to residents of the region; we will talk about federal programs a little later.
Housing benefits
A glaring problem for young, and especially large families, is purchasing their own home. In Russia, families can receive square meters for social employment from the state, but waiting your turn can take decades. Large families in Moscow can receive this very housing on a preferential basis, that is, priority.
Alternative solution housing issue– receipt of a land plot for construction from the state, maternity capital funds will partially cover the cost of work. Or unification land plots several families for the construction of multi-apartment residential buildings, in which some of the apartments will be occupied by large families, and the other part will be rented out for commercial rent.
Tax benefits
Now let’s look at what tax benefits for large families in Moscow are currently in effect. First of all, parents with many children have the right to a tax deduction on personal income. In simple words, a parent with many children receives a tax discount, it is determined in the amount of 1.4 thousand rubles for the first and second child and 3 thousand rubles for the third and subsequent children in the family, this amount is deducted from the citizen’s income and is not subject to income tax. For example, if there are 3 children in a family, then the tax deduction will be 1.4 + 1.4 + 3 = 5.8 thousand rubles. It is this amount, that is, 5,800 rubles, that is deducted from the salary and is not taxed. The benefit is valid until the child reaches adulthood, or until he completes his studies at the university.
Number of large families in Moscow
As for property taxes, parents with many children in Moscow cannot claim housing tax breaks. According to Federal legislation this benefit it is not provided for large families, but local authorities can exempt this category of citizens from paying this fee, which has not been done in a particular region.
This category of residents can count on transport tax, but only one of their choice. For example, if a family owns several cars or other vehicles, then only one of them may not have to pay tax. In addition, the law provides for parking benefits for families with many children in Moscow, although so far few people apply for it.
Residents of the capital and region can receive a deduction in the amount of one million rubles for land tax. That is, if the cost of a land plot is 1.5 million rubles, then the tax rate will be calculated only from five hundred thousand rubles, and 1 million is a deduction.
Please note that the full list of benefits for a certain category of the population should be clarified with the Federal Tax Service at the place of registration or location of the property.
Other types of benefits
Other benefits for this category of citizens include free travel on public transport, free meals in educational institutions, compensation for children's milk nutrition up to seven years of age, with the recommendation of a pediatrician. Among other things, a mother of more than 5 children has the right to early retirement for 5 years. And the mothers of ten children receive free medicines at the expense of the state with a prescription from the attending physician.
How to get a parking discount
Unknown benefits
Many families with three or more children do not take advantage of all the benefits available to them for the reason that not every one of them knows about them. Let's look at their list:
- reimbursement of up to 90% of the cost of a trip to a sanatorium-resort institution for medical reasons, plus half the cost of travel to the destination;
- children receive a 50% discount on tuition fees in state institutions of additional education;
- free medicines for children under 6 years of age with a doctor's prescription;
- children can visit doctors without waiting in line;
- children have the right to attend cultural events free of charge once a month;
- this category of the population has a unique opportunity to visit the Bolshoi Theater on preferential terms, because the administration of the institution allocates a certain number of tickets,
- the cost of which is only 100 rubles;
- compensation for the rising cost of living, about 600 rubles per month for each child;
- mothers have access to an additional 2 weeks of leave;
- free visit to the bathhouse;
- compensation for paying for a landline phone in the amount of 230 rubles.
For a complete list of benefits, contact the USZN authorities.
The Moscow Region provides all of the above benefits to large families to its residents. In each individual region of our country, the list may vary significantly, because most of them establish regional self-government. There is another list of benefits at the Federal level.
State benefits
So, residents of the capital can also count on general benefits, that is, available to absolutely all large families in our country, regardless of their region of residence. These include preferential queue at kindergarten and compensation in the amount of 70% of parental fees for the maintenance of all children in a preschool institution.
Parents can receive a subsidy for utility bills up to 50% of their cost. And also those families that do not have central heating can receive monetary compensation for the costs of carrying out activities for heating residential premises in winter period. Members of large families can receive the right to free travel on public transport within the city. The exception is taxis.
And that’s not all, large families can count on any support from the state when organizing business activities or personal subsidiary plots. And lastly, parents with many children can receive interest-free loans or loans for housing construction, but this is only on the initiative of local authorities.
Thus, benefits for families with many children in Moscow can make life and raising children much easier. Before submitting documents, check with the social security authorities exactly what benefits you are entitled to by law. By the way, it would be useful to personally familiarize yourself with Federal laws on state support measures.
