Explaining to citizens their pension rights. preventive measures to eliminate violations of pension rights

PENSION

PENSION

(pension) A regular cash benefit paid by the state to individuals after achieving retirement age or former employer to retired employees. State pensions may be linked to contributions to an insurance fund during working life. Work-based pensions can be paid through contributions from the employee and employers or without prior contributions from the employee. Pension schemes generally provide pensioners with the means to support themselves, but in terms of level of provision they vary due to the presence of surviving spouses and other dependents. Self-employed people can pay for their pensions with the help of insurance companies.

Economy. Explanatory dictionary. - M.: "INFRA-M", Publishing House "Ves Mir". J. Black. General editor: Doctor of Economics Osadchaya I.M.. 2000 .

PENSION

(from lat. pensiono - payment)

cash support, regular cash payments provided to citizens upon reaching a certain age, in connection with disability, in the event of the loss of a breadwinner and in other cases provided for by law. Payment of pensions is carried out at the expense of the pension and insurance funds, formed as extra-budgetary state funds and insurance, private pension funds of enterprises.

Raizberg B.A., Lozovsky L.Sh., Starodubtseva E.B.. Modern economic dictionary. - 2nd ed., rev. M.: INFRA-M. 479 pp.. 1999 .

Economic dictionary. 2000 .

Synonyms:

See what "PENSION" is in other dictionaries:

PENSION- a monthly payment made for life or for a long period of time for the purpose of financial support in old age, in case of disability, for long service and in the event of the loss of a breadwinner. Pension provision for citizens of the USSR in old age and in case of loss... ... Concise Encyclopedia of Housekeeping

pension- A set amount paid regularly to the recipient upon reaching a certain age or upon termination of employment. Typically payable from the time one of these two events occurs until death. The widow has the right to... Technical Translator's Guide

Financial Dictionary

- (Latin pensio, from pendere to pay). Same as pension. Dictionary foreign words, included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910. PENSION money, annually issued to someone for previous service or special merits depending on the place, ... ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

- (from the Latin pensio payment) regular and (usually) lifetime cash payment to citizens from the state or other entities in cases established by law (certain age, disability, loss of a breadwinner, length of service and special... ... Legal dictionary

- (pension) A set amount regularly paid to the recipient upon reaching a certain age or upon termination of employment. Typically payable from the time one of these two events occurs until death. The widow has... ... Dictionary of business terms

Retirement: rest forced upon you when all you can do is work. Georges Elgozy Retirement is the swan song of salary. Nikolay Filatov Any employee begins to lose his grip five years before reaching retirement age, why would this... ... Consolidated encyclopedia of aphorisms

Pension, emeritus, provision Dictionary of Russian synonyms. pension pension (obsolete) Dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language. Practical guide. M.: Russian language. Z. E. Alexandrova. 2011… Dictionary of synonyms

PENSION, pensions, women. (lat. pensiono payment). Monetary security assigned to a person upon reaching the established length of work or due to disability or old age (and in the event of the death of the relevant person to disabled members of his family).... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

pension- and, f., PENSION 1. He Cardinal Albani handed him an Assignment for 500 louis until the annual pension that Spain will give him will be sent to him. Ved. 1719 2 357. Almost according to Nekrasov: we call this groan a pension. E. Architect of Phrases. //… … Historical Dictionary of Gallicisms of the Russian Language

Books

• Pension, Alexander Ilyanen. Alexander Ilyanen writes the ideal Russian book: a novel-diary, carefree and deep, like the Volga or Oka, but the dirty streams of everyday life do not flow into it. "Pension" is a novel from...

Today, the Russian Federation provides material support to its citizens in various ways. The most significant are pension accruals. The amount of the state pension depends on many different factors.

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What is it

Today, upon reaching a certain age or when other conditions are met (depending on the type of pension), the state begins to implement various types of additional payments. The value depends on many different conditions moments reflected in the legislation.

At the moment, the term “pension” implies a monthly accrual for citizens who, for some reason, are deprived of the opportunity to receive income or have limited ability to work.

The reasons for deprivation of the opportunity to work can be very different:

• age;
• health problems:
  • as a result of a man-made disaster;
  • assignment of a disability group;
• loss of a breadwinner.

There are many most different types pensions - all of them can be divided into separate groups. Everything related to them is reflected in detail in the legislation in force throughout the territory. Russian Federation. This also applies to the conditions of receipt.

The pension is paid at least once a month. It can be financed both from state funds and from the local budget. In some cases, for certain types of pensions, appropriate allowances and various regional coefficients are provided.

Their size is usually regulated by local law. The process of applying for different types of pensions is practically the same; the difference may only lie in the list of documents provided.

The size of the corresponding charges is constantly indexed. The time for adjusting a specific type of pension necessarily depends on its type.

Typically, the increase is no less than inflation plus 2%. Decisions regarding adjustments to federal-level pensions are made by the State Duma and the Federal Assembly.

Who gets

Today, citizens of the Russian Federation receive a state pension. In this case, certain certain conditions must be met.

They themselves primarily depend on the type of pension. These old-age payments are assigned to men and women upon reaching retirement age - 55 and 60 years, respectively.

In some cases, citizens of the Russian Federation who are not able to work and are not adults can also count on receiving pensions. For example, this occurs in the case of the loss of a breadwinner.

This applies to military personnel, as well as citizens serving in public service in other ways. Foreign citizens can also receive an old-age pension in the Russian Federation. But for this they need to make appropriate contributions to Pension fund RF.

Today, the state pension can be received from various institutions. It all depends on its type, as well as the type of public service. Military personnel can receive it through the military commissariat.

Through the Pension Fund - all other citizens of the Russian Federation. Moreover, career military personnel who are entitled to a state pension can also apply for it to the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Scroll necessary documents will be slightly different.

Conditions of appointment

The conditions for granting a pension of the type in question vary depending on the type of public service.

They can be divided into the following groups:

• for federal employees;
• for those undergoing military service (non-urgent);
• for astronauts;
• for flight test personnel.

Located on federal service Citizens of the Russian Federation have the right to receive a state pension in the following cases:

• having at least 15 years of service experience;
• filling a position in the state federal service for at least 12 months.

This point is covered in detail in Article No. 39 of the Federal Law “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation” dated July 27, 2004.

The situation is similar when assigning pensions to military personnel serving in the armed forces of the Russian Federation. A pension of this type is assigned based on length of service. Moreover, the amount of “service” differs for men and women.

In the first case it should be 25 years, in the second – 20 years. This point is covered in the Federal Law.

The above point does not in any way affect persons undergoing compulsory military service. The most preferential conditions for receiving a state pension are available to astronauts.

possible in the following cases:

• having a certain amount of experience (20/25 years for women/men) – in this case, 7.5/10 years must be spent serving in flight test personnel;
• if the job was left due to health reasons - at least 20/15 years of experience for women/men (at least 7.5/10 years of experience in a flight unit is required);
• there is a retention in a position that implies receipt of an appropriate pension for length of service:
  • instructor;
  • test cosmonauts;
  • cosmonaut researchers and others.

The right to receive a state pension for flight test personnel arises in the following cases:

• there is employment in flight tests on experimental equipment - flight, parachute, aeronautics and others;
• there is a length of service of at least 20 and 15 years for men/women (60% of this time should be spent in a position that implies payments for length of service);
• if the job was left due to deteriorating health, a length of service of 15/20 years is required for women/men.

All issues related to the assignment of a pension in any particular case are reflected in as much detail as possible in the relevant regulations. Also, legislation developed for ordinary citizens of the Russian Federation applies to civil servants.

What are the types

A complete list of types of state pensions that employees can receive is reflected in the legislation and on the official website of the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. In most cases, it is this institution that makes the accrual.

There are the following types of pensions:

• for length of service;
• for the loss of a breadwinner;
• social type;
• old age;
• on disability.

Each size differs from the others, and there are specific features of the receipt procedure. For making payments based on length of service, the conditions are standard.

An appropriate amount of experience is required. A separate type of payment is accrual due to the loss of a breadwinner.

The following citizens can receive such a pension:

• children;
• widows;
• other dependent citizens.

Payments of this type are assigned if, in connection with the performance of direct duties, a civil servant is completely incapacitated.

Or his death due to injury directly during service. It will be necessary to submit the appropriate set of documents.

Social state pension is assigned to the following categories of citizens:

• disabled people of all groups (I, II, III);
• disabled people since childhood;
• disabled children.

Also, in some cases, the type of pension in question includes government payments due to the loss of a breadwinner. This applies to children under 18 years of age, as well as full-time students. The state pension also refers to the old age pension.

It is assigned depending on the presence or absence of any work experience. This is precisely its main feature.

It applies to the following persons:

The list of different types of state pensions is quite extensive, and there are a large number of various nuances. First of all, they relate to the very possibility of assigning a pension of this type.

Determining whether a citizen is entitled to a certain type of pension is quite simple. You just need to contact the Pension Fund branch at your place of permanent residence. Employees of this institution will be required to answer all questions of interest to the future pensioner.

How is it different from a labor pension?

The state pension differs quite significantly from the usual labor pension. The most significant differences are as follows:

• the list of documents necessarily includes confirmation of the right to such a pension (certificates, certificates, etc.);
• pension amount - sometimes the monthly payment is several times higher than the regular pension paid for length of service;
• what kind of legislation is regulated - there are quite a large number of normative legal acts that have a highly specialized area;
• the presence of all kinds of allowances - some are assigned only if certain mandatory conditions are met;
• appointment deadlines and application procedure;
• It is possible to choose any pension provision yourself.

Most important nuance Regarding receiving a state-type pension, it is possible to register several pensions at the same time.

The issue of receiving two payments at once is covered in sufficient detail in the current legislation. There are also many similarities between a regular labor pension and a state pension.

State pension amount

Today, the size of the state pension depends on various factors. The exact value can only be found out by contacting the Pension Fund or using special calculators on the official website of this institution. From 04/01/15, the amount of almost all state pensions was increased by 10.3%.

For the following citizens, the amount of this type of pension is 9,227 rubles:

• those who have lost their breadwinner;
• second pensions for combatants;
• living in the territory of subjects with a special socio-economic status.

The most significant factors that most influence the size of this type of pension are the following:

• disability group;
• number of dependents;
• presence of children.

For the following privileged groups of pensioners, the following pension amounts are established:

The amount of pension for disabled people who received a group as a result of military injury:

Over the past year, the country's economy has experienced quite serious problems. It is for this reason that the size of the latest indexation was only 5.5%. But in the future the government plans to carry out adjustments at the same level.

The largest pensions today are received by citizens who are astronauts:

If they have the appropriate length of service, cosmonauts are awarded a pension in the amount of 55% of their salary due to their position in the corresponding position.

At the same time, there is a fairly extensive list of various allowances. To receive them, you will need to prepare the appropriate documents.

Their full list is reflected in the legislation in force in the Russian Federation. It can also be obtained from Pension Fund employees.

To the liquidators of the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

At the moment, privileged state pensions are received by citizens related to the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

The issue of receiving this type of payment is regulated by the following regulatory documents:

• Federal Law of December 28, 2013;
• Federal Law of December 15, 2001;
• Law of the Russian Federation of May 15, 1991

Moreover, in some cases it is possible to receive two pensions at the same time. Under certain circumstances, legislation gives Chernobyl victims the right to choose any one pension.

The process of registration and assignment of state pensions to Chernobyl liquidators does not have any special features. The only difference is the list of required documents. In this case, the pension is assigned from the 1st day of the month following the application period.

Pension provision - important point regarding support for older people. To be honest, there are a lot of interesting and difficult situations which every citizen should know about. After all, in this case it will be possible somehow once again play it safe and ensure a decent life for yourself in old age. What is pension provision in the Russian Federation? Let's try to figure out all the nuances that may lie in wait for future retirees.

Who's responsible

So, as a rule, there are no problems with where to go. Perhaps this is one of the few points that has not yet undergone any significant changes in recent years. Pension provision in the Russian Federation today brings a lot of problems. But why? It all starts with an elderly person submitting an application for support from the state.

Documents for pensions

To solve the first “acute” issue, it is enough to simply be aware of exactly what conditions must be met and what documents must be presented to assign a pension. Pension provision in this case will not bring you a lot of problems. Of course, there are many situations and each has its own special documents to present to the Pension Fund. Nevertheless, there is a generally accepted list that everyone always needs. This:

• passport;
• 4 photos 3 by 4 cm;
• SNILS;
• application for a pension;
• documents confirming your experience and income;
• bank account number for pension payments.

In addition, sometimes you have to present:

• children's birth certificate;
• documents about social status(confirmation of disability);
• "military";
• “papers” indicating stay in special climatic conditions.

Basically, that's all. Nothing more is required from you. By the way, a military ID is required only when pensions are assigned to persons who served. An individual payment system has been developed for them. Another point is that you must reach a certain age. For women this is 55 years old, and for men - 60. Only after this can you count on retirement. Of course, if you are not disabled from birth. Plus you must have work experience. More on this a little later.

Types of pensions

Let's move on. Do not forget that pension provision in the Russian Federation is divided into several types. And citizens have the right to choose what kind of support they receive. Not always, but very often. What could be pension payments?

Social is support from the state that is provided to all citizens. Its size varies depending on the person’s position in society. Quite often it is paid as security to people who do not have work experience, as well as to disabled people. The amount of payments is small; it does not fully ensure the proper standard of living for the population.

Next comes old age pensions. Perhaps this is a more interesting case. Sometimes they are called state ones. To be able to receive such payments (they will help non-working pensioners “survive” in Russia), you must reach retirement age and also have a certain length of work experience. At the moment it is 5 years. The pension system in the Russian Federation takes into account entrepreneurial activity. If a citizen did not work “for an uncle”, but once officially registered himself as an individual entrepreneur and “sat” like that for 5 years, this will be counted. The work experience includes caring for small children and the elderly (the corresponding document must be drawn up at the Pension Fund).

The last and most common pension provision is labor pensions. They are the ones that interest citizens the most. Why? After all, such payments directly depend on each citizen as a whole. The more you work and earn, the higher your pension will be in the future. But here there is a rather difficult calculation system that is constantly changing.

There is also a military pension. Such pension provision in the Russian Federation is available only to those who served. And not in the army, but in principle. At least 20 years, by the way. This is calculated government support at the moment according to a rather interesting principle. It's very easy to understand.

How much do disabled people get paid?

Now let’s try to figure out what payments each citizen can claim. For example, a pension for disabled people is a good option. Here, as already mentioned, everything is quite simple. There are fixed payments and a small payment system. It is most often used before retirement age.

It is worth noting that pension provision for disabled citizens differs by group. The largest payments are due 1, and the smallest - 3. Plus, the presence of dependents of a disabled person is taken into account. And, in some cases, the period before retirement age. There is nothing particularly difficult here. What can a modern disabled person claim in Russia? This:

• disabled children from birth - 60% of minimum wage labor;
• social benefit for a disabled child from birth - 11,445 rubles and 68 kopecks;
• disabled people of group 1, disabled people of group II since childhood - 9538 rubles 20 kopecks;
• disabled people of group II - 4769 rubles 9 kopecks;
• III disability group - 4053 rubles 75 kopecks.

Pensions for disabled children may vary. Both big and not so big. In any case, pension social security for such citizens takes place in Russia. Not as big as I would like, but it's better than nothing at all.

Disabled pensioners

But there is no need to forget about ordinary disabled people (elderly). They are also entitled social benefits. And, to be honest, the situation here is much more interesting than in the previous case. As already mentioned, a system for calculating contributions from the state, as well as fixed payments, has been proposed. Let's start, perhaps, with the second option. After all, the pension provision in this case is fixed. Of course, taking into account some features, such as the presence of dependents and the citizen’s disability group. What picture do we get? Group 1 disabled people can count on:

• without dependents - 7820 rubles 70 kopecks;
• dependent - 9124 rubles and 14 kopecks;
• 2 dependent persons - 10,427 rubles 61 kopecks;
• from 3 people - 11,731 rubles 4 kopecks.

Now, what can pensioners of the 2nd disability group count on? All fixed calculations are made according to a similar principle. That is, dependents are taken into account. Here it turns out:

• no dependents - 3910 rubles 34 kopecks;
• 1 person in “care” - 5,213 rubles 80 kopecks;
• 2 in “care” - 6517 rubles 25 kopecks;
• more - 7820 rubles 70 kopecks.

The third disability group, as already mentioned, is the lowest paid. And here, rather, pensions represent only a small support. This is correct to some extent. After all, with this disability group, a person remains able to work and can work for labor payments in the future, if there are no such payments now. It turns out:

• singles - 1955 rubles 17 kopecks;
• 1 ward - 3258 rubles 63 kopecks;
• 2 dependent persons - 4562 rubles 7 kopecks;
• 3 or more - 5865 rubles 53 kopecks.

Theory of calculations for people with disabilities

Do not forget that every citizen has the choice of pension provision. True, to change it you will have to write a standard application to the Pension Fund each time. It has already been said that sometimes a special scheme for calculating pensions is used for disabled people. It applies until retirement age. Which one exactly? Let's try to figure this out. The formula for calculating payments from the state will be C = K / ((M*ST) + BV), where:

• C - pension;
• K - pension capital;
• M - months before retirement age;
• ST - length of service divided by 180;
• BV - basic value (set annually by the state).

It turns out that a disabled person can increase his pension by working. And, as practice shows, for a fairly “decent” amount. This does not mean that you will have to work tirelessly. But there is no need to immediately refuse employment, if there is such an opportunity. True, not everything is as easy as it seems. After all, big problems and questions arise when pensions are provided to ordinary citizens. For example, with work experience.

Military

But first, one more small diagram calculation of payments. This is a military pension. Fortunately, you don’t have to think too hard here. All that is required of you is a minimum of 20 years of service. Then you can receive the minimum military pension. The more you serve, the higher your payments will be. Why?

The thing is that pension provision in this case is calculated according to the following scheme: for the first 20 years of service you receive 50% of your salary, and each subsequent year adds 3% bonuses. There are some restrictions here. For example, the total amount of interest on allowances cannot exceed 85%. It turns out that if you have “served” for about 49 years, then you will receive the maximum pension - 85% of the additional payment for length of service + 50% of your salary. Everything is easy and simple.

Hard workers

Let's move on. Now it’s the turn to take on the so-called labor pension. Unfortunately, the situation here is very ambiguous. Indeed, recently pension provision has undergone regular changes. And this is just the beginning. For example, now in the Russian Federation a new payment system is used. The so-called ballaya.

What is it based on? Your labor guard allows you to earn a certain number of points. Accurate information should be obtained annually. Then the amount of “points” received is multiplied by the point coefficient. It is also set by the government at a fixed figure every year. And, as a result, your pension is obtained.

At the moment, for such calculations you have to have 7 years of experience and at least 9 points. In 2016, the maximum you can get is about 7.83 points. Please note that every year the “bar” for the required points and experience will increase. Therefore, it is worth taking care of your experience.

Old age is no joy

Pension provision in the Russian Federation is a huge problem for modern society. Okay, we’ve sorted out the labor pension. But there are also so-called old-age payments. Any citizen who has reached retirement age (55 years for women and 60 for men) and who has at least 5 years of work experience can apply for them. This includes experience as an entrepreneur, caring for minor children under 3 years old, and elderly people over 80 years old. Regular work also counts.

The scheme here is also quite interesting for calculations. It was “invented” in 2015 and, of course, work experience also plays a huge role here. Part of the old-age pension will be calculated using the formula: SP = FP x IC + (KOP x IC) x SPK, where:

• SCH - part of the pension (insurance);
• IR - individual coefficient (all insurance premiums/contributions from the maximum salary and all this is multiplied by 10);
• FP - fixed payments;
• KOP - pension deferment coefficient;
• SPK - pension coefficient.

There are also accumulative part pension payments. It is calculated more easily. To find out how much “savings” you should receive by age, you will have to divide all the money from insurance premiums by the number of months in which the pension will be paid. Now it is 228. But you can reduce it by continuing to work. It turns out that this is how you can increase your compensation from the state in old age.

Summing up

In principle, this is all that can be said about the pension system in Russia. As you can see, there are a lot of different points that will have to be taken into account. And the modern payment system changes every year. And it’s impossible to say exactly what to prepare for.

The biggest shock was the lack of so-called indexation of pensions for working pensioners. Previously, increases in payments were made to everyone, regardless of whether a person had a job or not. But, due to the crisis that has occurred, this rule now has to be canceled. To be able to provide money to those who do not have a job at all. So far, there is no talk of resuming the indexation of pension support from the state for retired workers.

In addition, a complete change in the payment calculation system is another point that has caused indignation among the majority of the population. Previously, there were no “points”; all pensions were calculated directly based on length of service. And now some “glasses” have appeared with the new system. And, oddly enough, it was this system that reduced pension payments to some extent. Inexplicable, but true.

In any case, it is worth drawing your own conclusions from all this. For example, it is necessary to work as long as possible and receive a higher salary. And there is no need to rely entirely on the state. It is better to make your own savings for old age, so that in unforeseen situations you will not be left with nothing. It is also recommended to avoid “gray” or “black” salaries, as well as unofficial work. After all, in this case you will have neither length of service nor normal contributions to the Pension Fund.

A pension is a regular guaranteed cash payment established for the purpose of providing material support for citizens in old age, disability, long service, and members of their families in the event of loss of a breadwinner, made from social sources intended for these purposes.

Since January 1991, financial resources for providing pensions have been withdrawn from the state budget, and the work of collecting, accounting and targeted distribution has been entrusted to an independent financial institution - the Pension Fund of the Russian Federation. Tariffs for insurance contributions to the Pension Fund for citizens and employers are established by federal laws.

Federal law of November 20, 1990 “On State Pensions of the RSFSR” established labor and social pensions. Labor pensions, based on the specifics of the event upon the occurrence of which pension provision is provided, include old-age pensions; on disability; in case of loss of a breadwinner; for long service.

By general rule, if a citizen has the right to simultaneously various types pensions, he is assigned and paid one of them at his choice. At the same time, the legislation provides for cases when a citizen has the right to receive two pensions at the same time.

The right to receive two pensions is granted:

a) citizens who have become disabled due to military trauma; participants of the Great Patriotic War who became disabled due to general illness, work injury and other reasons. They may be entitled to old-age pensions (or for long service) and disability pensions;

b) widows of military personnel who died in the Great Patriotic War and who have not remarried. They may be entitled to an old-age pension (or disability pension, long-service pension or social pension) and a survivor's pension (for the deceased husband).

Due to the increase in the cost of living, all pensions are subject to indexation in the manner prescribed by law.

Citizens have the right to apply for a pension at any time after the right to it arises, without any time limit.

Old age pensions are assigned and paid to persons who have reached a certain age and have worked for a certain duration.

Old-age pensions are established on a general and preferential basis.

An old-age pension is established on a general basis when men reach 60 years of age and with a total work experience of at least 25 years, for women - upon reaching 55 years of age and with a total work experience of at least 20 years.

Pensions on preferential terms are established for various categories of citizens: women - mothers of many children, mothers of children with disabilities since childhood; disabled war veterans and other disabled people equivalent to them; midgets and disproportionate dwarfs; persons employed in work with special working conditions (employed in emergency rescue services and units; employed in underground work, work with hazardous working conditions and in hot shops; in other work with difficult and unfavorable working conditions (according to List No. 2); railway transport workers; persons engaged in field geological exploration, prospecting and other work; in logging and rafting; on ships of the sea and river fleet; in loading and unloading operations in ports; transport; women who worked under intense and difficult working conditions; citizens living and working in the Far North and similar areas; citizens exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl disaster, and some other categories of citizens.

The benefit consists of reducing the requirement for retirement age and length of service, or one of these legal facts. The legislation also provides for partial old-age pensions (upon reaching retirement age and having a total work experience of at least 5 years) and early pensions (if there are no more than two years left before reaching the general retirement age and if there is a total work experience of the duration established by law for the assignment of a pension). old age on a general basis). The basic amount of the old-age pension is 55% of earnings calculated in accordance with the established procedure, the amount of the pension can be increased by 1% of earnings for each full year in excess of the length of service required for granting a pension, but not more than 75%.

The legislation establishes minimum and maximum size s old-age pensions, the minimum amount of old-age pension with the total length of service required for the assignment of a full pension is set at the level of the minimum wage, and the maximum - at the level of three minimum pension amounts.

The old-age pension is granted for life. Working pensioners are paid an old-age pension in full (without allowance for dependents). A pension assigned early is paid to non-working pensioners, and when they reach retirement age, at which they acquire the right to a pension on a general or preferential basis, the pension is paid on a general basis.

Disability pension is associated with the determination of disability for citizens. Disability is recognized as a health disorder with a persistent disorder of body functions, leading to limitation of a person’s life activity.

Depending on the degree of disorder of body functions and limitations of life activity, a disability group is established (first, second and third). Disability is established by district, interdistrict and city medical and social expert commissions (MSEC). When establishing disability, MSEC determines the group of disability, the cause and time of its onset.

The causes of disability can be: general illness, work injury, occupational disease, military injury, illness acquired during the period of military service.

The cause of disability is an important legal fact that affects the conditions for granting a pension.

Disability pensions due to work injury, occupational disease, and citizens who became disabled before the age of 20 due to a general illness are assigned regardless of the length of their total work experience. In other cases of granting a disability pension due to a general illness, the total work experience at the time of the onset of disability is required: for persons under the age of 23 years, at least one year, and for those aged 23 years and older - one year, with an increase of 4 months for each full year. year of age, starting from 23 years old, but not more than 15 years old.

The right to a disability pension due to a military injury or illness received during military service, according to the current pension legislation, is not only for military personnel, but also for certain other categories of citizens (commanding and rank-and-file personnel of internal affairs bodies, tax police officers, prosecutor's office, etc.).

The disability pension is set in the following amounts: disabled people of groups I and II - 75%, group III - 30% of earnings. The minimum amount of disability pension for groups I and II is set at the level of the minimum old-age pension, and for disabled people of group III - 2/3 minimum pension for old age, the maximum amount of disability pension of groups I and II corresponds to the maximum amount of old-age pension, and disability pension of group III corresponds to the minimum amount of this pension.

The disability pension is established for the period for which the disability was determined.

Working pensioners are paid a disability pension in full.

Survivor's pension assigned and paid to family members of the deceased breadwinner.

The right to a pension in the event of the loss of a breadwinner is available to disabled family members who were dependent on him or who are entitled to it. The circle of disabled family members is quite wide: children, brothers, sisters and grandchildren under 18 years of age or over 16 years of age if they became disabled before reaching this age; students - until graduation educational institution, ho no more than 23 years of age. Brothers, sisters and grandchildren have the right to a pension if they do not have able-bodied parents; father, mother, spouse (husband, wife), if they have reached the age - men - 60 years, women - 55 years, or are disabled; one of the parents, or spouse, or grandfather, grandmother, brother or sister, regardless of age or ability to work, if he (she) is engaged in caring for children, brothers, sisters or grandchildren of the deceased breadwinner under 14 years of age and does not work; grandfather or grandmother - in the absence of persons who are legally obliged to support them, and some others.

The survivor's pension (except for the pension due to a military injury) is set at 30% of earnings for each disabled family member. The minimum pension cannot be lower than the social pension for each disabled family member; the maximum pension is set at the level of the minimum old-age pension for each disabled family member.

A survivor's pension is assigned for the entire period during which a family member of the deceased is considered disabled.

Long service pension assigned and paid to citizens in connection with their long-term underground work, some other work in particularly harmful and dangerous working conditions, as well as other professional activities (pedagogical, medical, etc.).

In accordance with the Law of the Russian Federation “On State Pensions in the Russian Federation”, the following categories of citizens have the right to a long-service pension:

those employed in underground and open-pit mining;

in connection with work on vessels of the fishing industry fleet, river and navy;

in connection with work in professional emergency rescue services or units;

in connection with work in civil aviation;

in connection with teaching activities in schools and other institutions for children;

in connection with medical and other work to protect public health;

in connection with creative work on stage in theaters, other theatrical and entertainment groups and enterprises.

Lists of jobs, professions and positions, taking into account which a long-service pension is assigned, and in some cases, the rules for calculating length of service and assigning a pension, are approved by the Government of the Russian Federation.

The long-service pension is set at 55% of earnings.

As a general rule, a long-service pension is paid to Pensioners subject to leaving the job on the basis of which it was established.

A long-service pension assigned to employees in connection with teaching activities in schools and other educational institutions for children, in connection with medical and other activities for the protection of the population in rural areas and assigned to employees engaged in underground work and open-pit mining, is paid to working pensioners regardless of the nature of the work.

Along with labor pensions, the Law of November 20, 1990 for the first time provided social pensions for disabled citizens, regardless of their work experience. Social pensions are established for: disabled people of groups 1 and 2, including disabled people since childhood, as well as disabled people of group III, disabled children under 16 years of age; children under 18 years of age who have lost one or both parents; citizens who have reached 65 and 60 years of age (men and women) and some other categories of citizens.

Size social pensions is not calculated from earnings, but is established differentially in a fixed amount for different categories of disabled citizens.