Syllabic sound scheme of the word promising elementary school. How to make a sound scheme of a word

Learning to compose sound scheme words

Dear parents, for children who go to grade 1, classes on compiling a sound scheme of a word will be very useful.

Let's try to figure out how to correctly compose a sound scheme of a word or a sound model of a word. We can also call this type of work sound-letter parsing of a word or phonetic parsing.

Phonetics is a branch of the science of language in which the sounds of a language, stress, syllable are studied.

The sounds that a person makes are what we call speech sounds. Speech sounds are formed in the speech apparatus when air is exhaled. The speech apparatus is the larynx with vocal cords, oral and nasal cavities, tongue, lips, teeth, palate.

Vowel sounds consist only of a voice, the exhaled air passes through the mouth freely, without encountering an obstacle. Vowel sounds can be pulled for a long time, sung.

There are six vowels in Russian: [a], [o], [y], [e], [s], [i]. Vowel sounds are stressed and unstressed.

Vowel sounds will be marked in red ( conventions for sounds I took from the program “School of Russia”).

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When we pronounce consonants, the air meets an obstacle (lips, teeth, tongue). Some consonants consist only of noise - these are deaf consonants. Others are from voice and noise. These are voiced consonants.

Consonants are also divided into hard and soft.

Hard consonants are indicated in blue, soft consonants in green.

According to the “School of Russia” program, we designate the merging of a vowel sound with a consonant with a rectangle divided obliquely by a straight line, where we paint over the consonant below and the vowel above.

Make cards out of colored cardboard or paper to make up words. You will also need cards with an accent mark and a separator line.

You can draw diagrams in a notebook in a large cell. It is even better to combine both types of work.

Get started with simple words- monosyllabic or two-syllabic.

So you've made your flashcards and are ready to go.

Think about how to interest the child.

Can you teach Masha doll or beloved bunny to make words?

Or will you guess riddles and draw up a diagram of a guess word?

Or maybe the word (card or picture) is hidden and you will play the game “cold-hot”?

It is very good if you come up with something interesting and there is an incentive to work.

Fragment of the lesson.

Guess a riddle.

The grandfather is sitting in a hundred fur coats.

Who undresses him

He sheds tears.

Let's make a diagram of the word onion.

1. Divide the word into syllables.

We pronounce with a clap of our hands - bow. This word has 1 syllable.

2. What sounds does a syllable consist of?

We pronounce lingering l-u-k.

The first sound is [l]. This is a hard consonant. The second sound is [y]. This is a vowel sound. The sounds [l], [y] merge together, resulting in a merger [lu]. We select the desired card - the merger of a solid consonant with a vowel sound.

The third sound [k] is a hard consonant. Choose a card for a solid consonant.

3. Let's denote the sounds with letters. The sound [l] is denoted by the letter “el”. Sound [y] - the letter "y". Sound [k] - the letter "ka".

We do not put stress in monosyllabic words. The word has one vowel sound, which means it is stressed.

According to the “School of Russia” program, there are no designations for voiced and voiceless consonants. Therefore, you can show your imagination and come up with your own designations for the voiced and deaf consonant. For example, in the game “Recognize the sound”, I chose a bell for a voiced consonant, and a smiley in my headphones for a voiceless consonant. Pictures can be printed and used in the diagram.

You can practice characterizing the sound in the game.

A game

A tape of letters will help you characterize the sound.

On the tape you can clearly see what sounds the letters represent.

For example, the letter "en" denotes two sounds - hard [n] and soft [n ']. Therefore, a rectangle of two colors - blue and green. These sounds are voiced, so there is a bell on top.

All sounds in the upper row are voiced, and in the lower row they are deaf.

The letter "zhe" denotes one sound - a solid sound [g]. Therefore, the rectangle is completely blue. This is a ringing sound.

Particular attention should be paid to iotated vowels.

The letters i, e, u, e can mean two sounds or one.

If they are at the beginning of a word or after a vowel, they represent two sounds:

I [th'a], yo [th'o], yu [th'y], e [th'e]

After a consonant sound, they denote one sound: i [a], e [o], yu [y], e [e].

Let's make a diagram of the word Yana.

1. Divide the word into syllables.

I am on

This word has two syllables.

2. The first syllable is me. This is a fusion of two sounds - [th '], [a]. The sound [y '] is a soft consonant, the sound [a] is a vowel. We choose a card - a merger of a soft consonant and a vowel sound.

3. We put a dividing line after the first syllable.

3. The second syllable is on. This is a fusion of two sounds - [n], [a]. The sound [n] is a solid consonant, the sound [a] is a vowel. We choose a card - the merger of a solid consonant and a vowel sound.

4. We put emphasis. We find the stressed syllable. We speak the whole word, highlighting the stressed syllable. The stressed syllable is the first. So that the child understands that the stress is set correctly, try to put the stress on the second syllable as well.

5. We designate sounds with letters.

The sounds [y'a] are denoted by one letter - the letter i.

The sound [n] is denoted by the letter “en”.

The sound [a] is denoted by the letter a.

All sound conventions in the article are taken from the School of Russia program. But for us, the most important thing is that the child learns to characterize the sound, to be able to work with models. If the child has learned to characterize the sound, then replacing the designation is not difficult.

Dear parents, at the stage of learning to read and write, children learn to make a sound scheme or, in other words, a model of a word. Help your child figure out how to make a sound model of a word.

I will give examples of sound schemes for the program "School of Russia". There, the designations of different sounds differ in color.

So, let's brush up on the knowledge of phonetics that you received at school.

There are six vowels in Russian - [a], [o], [y], [s], [e], [and]

Consonants form pairs by hardness-softness, by deafness-voicedness.

There are unpaired consonants.

The soft sign and the hard sign do not represent sounds.

The letters I, Yo, Yu, E denote two sounds if they are at the beginning of a word or after a vowel sound, they denote one sound if they are after a consonant.

In the table we see a letter and under it the sound or sounds that are denoted by this letter.

For example, the letter B denotes two sounds [b], [b "]. The letter Zh has one sound [g].

Let's analyze the compilation of a sound model of the word LETTER.

We divide the word into syllables: PI-SMO (how to divide the word into syllables can be found here http://website/?p=1742)

The first syllable is pi. This is a merger. The vowel sound [and] denotes the softness of the consonant. The first sound [p "] is a soft consonant, the second sound [i] is a vowel.

The second syllable is CMO. The first sound [s "] is a soft consonant. Then comes the merger - MO. The vowel sound [o] indicates the hardness of the consonant. The sound [m] is a hard consonant. The sound [o] is a vowel. We put the stress.

As a result, the following scheme is obtained:

The guys and I then do the transcription (as we hear the word).

And then we write down the word: letter.

The vowels that are in the top row of the tablet - a, o, u, s, e denote the hardness of the consonant sound.

The vowels i, e, e, yu are after the soft consonant, the sound [and] also denotes the softness of the consonant.

But it must be remembered that there are consonants that are always solid. They are indicated in the table only in blue: [g], [w], [c]. There are consonants that are always soft, they are indicated only in green: [h "], [u"], [th"].

Be careful when parsing words with iotized vowels.

Here is an example of parsing the word APPLE.

At the beginning of a word, iotated vowels represent two sounds.

I hope that the article helped you understand a little about the construction of the sound scheme of the word.

In other programs, just different designations for sounds. There may not be squares, but circles. In another way, hardness-softness is indicated. But you can figure it out by substituting the necessary notation.

You can see more materials on the compilation of a sound scheme

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Even in early childhood, when a child is just learning to read, he is faced with a problem when words are not pronounced the way they are written. For this reason, it is necessary to conduct a sound analysis with it. Why it is studied throughout the entire school curriculum, we will consider in our article.

Phonetics

Our speech is divided into two major types: oral and written. The first, of course, appeared long before the second. After all, initially people learned to exchange information using gestures and simple sounds. Then it gradually developed into words that formed this or that language. But soon there was a need to record everything that was said. This is how

In this article we will talk about the features of oral communication. This part of the language is studied by a complex science - phonetics. It deals with the sounds that make up our speech. Each of them has its own characteristics and individual characteristics. Their study is included in the sound analysis.

Vowels

One of the most important parts of our spoken language is the presence of vowels. They are so named, based on their main function - to transmit a long sound by voice. There are six of them in Russian: A, O, U, Y, I, E.

It must be remembered that the number of letters does not always match the number of sounds. For example, in the word "south" there are 2 letters, but at the same time 3 sounds: "yuk". The letter-sound analysis of the word should show what is different from how we write.

Vowels make up syllables in words. It is by their number that they determine how many parts a word is divided into:

• stick- there are 2 syllables, since it has two vowels;
• catfish - 1 syllable, since there is only one vowel.

In addition, you need to know the features of such letters as e, e, y, i. They, unlike all the others, can form two sounds - a vowel in combination with Y:

• Yo (d + o);
• E (d+e);
• Yu (y + y);
• I (y + a).

This phenomenon is observed in cases where the listed sounds are used:

• after soft or hard signs ( pouring, zealous);
• after a vowel ( big, belt);
• at the beginning of a word ( Yula, El).

Very often, when performing a sound analysis of a word (the diagram is given below), children make mistakes precisely in the analysis of these vowels.

All other characteristics that vowels have are quite simple. Especially those that are studied by the school curriculum. Only two signs are considered: shock or unstress.

Consonants

Before performing sound analysis, you need to know the features and consonants. There are many more of them than vowels. The Russian language has thirty-seven of them.

Consonants have different characteristics:

• Softness or hardness. Some sounds can be pronounced without softening: sea (m- solid). Others, on the contrary: measure (m- soft).
• Voice or deafness. When a sound is pronounced with vibration and voice, it is called voiced. You can put your hand on your throat and feel it. If vibration is not felt, then it is deaf.
• Pairing. Some consonants have their opposite. Usually by loudness-deafness. For example: V(sound) - f(deaf) h(sound) - With(deaf.).
• Some consonants are pronounced as if "on the nose". They received the corresponding characteristic - nasal.

How to perform

Now it is possible to compose an algorithm by which the sound analysis of the word is performed. The scheme is simple:

1. First, we divide the word into syllables.
2. Next, we paint the letters of which it consists, in a column.
3. Now for each we select the appropriate sound.
4. We characterize each of them, according to the characteristics that are described above.
5. Count the number of sounds and letters.
6. If their number does not match, we explain why this phenomenon occurred.

Let's take an example. Take the word "ceiling":

1. This word has three syllables: ceiling(3 vowels, hence the corresponding number of syllables).
2. The letter P has a sound<П>. It is consonant, pronounced without vibration at the larynx, and therefore deaf. Also it is solid and has a couple<Б>.
3. The letter O has a sound<А>. It is vowel and has no accent.
4. The letter T has a sound<Т>. It is a consonant, pronounced as deaf. It does not soften, and therefore hard. In addition, it has a pair of voiced<Д>.
5. The letter O has a sound<А>. He is vocal and unstressed.
6. The letter L stands for sound<Л>. It is consonant, has no softening - solid. Pronounced with vibration at the larynx - voiced. This sound has no pair.
7. The letter O has a sound<О>. It is a vowel and this case, shock.
8. The letter K stands for sound<К>. Consonant, pronounced as deaf, has a pair of voiced<Г>, solid.
9. To summarize: in this word there are 7 letters and 7 sounds. The number coincides, no linguistic phenomena are observed.

The sound analysis of words for preschoolers is much simplified.

Children need to learn that the pronunciation of a word and its spelling are very often different. When teaching reading and writing skills, children get the first impressions of the difference between oral and written speech. Thus, it is enough for the teacher to explain that some letters, like soft and hard signs, do not have sounds at all. And there are no words for the letter Y in Russian.

Alphabetic-sound analysis of the word "blizzard"

We already know how diverse the Russian language is. The sound analysis in the previous example is quite simple. It is only necessary to correctly characterize each sound. But there are some in which there is a problem situation. For example, the word "blizzard". Let's execute it:

1. Snowstorm- two vowels, so 2 syllables ( snowstorm).
2. The letter B has a sound<В’>. He is consonant, softens thanks to "b", paired - deaf<Ф’>, voiced.
3. The letter b has no sound. Its purpose is to demonstrate the softness of the previous sound.
4. The letter Yu has two sounds<Й>And<У>, since it comes after b. Both need to be described. So,<Й>- this is a consonant, which is always soft and voiced, it does not have a pair.<У>- vowel, has an accent.
5. The letter G - is a consonant, denotes a solid sound. Has a deaf pair<К>and is voiced.
6. Letter<А>has the same sound<А>. He is vocal and unstressed.
7. To sum up the analysis: 5 letters and 5 sounds. We observe a phenomenon called "iotized vowel". In this case, the letter Yu, under the influence of b, broke up into two sounds.

Conclusion

Sound analysis with knowledge of all the characteristics is not difficult to perform. You need to say the word out loud. This will help to record all the sounds correctly. After characterizing them and summarizing phonetic parsing. And then success in this business is guaranteed to you!

Olga Gordeeva

WHAT SUCH A SOUND ANALYSIS OF THE WORD?

Sound analysis of a word is the definition of sounds in a word in order and their characteristics (vowel - consonant, voiced - deaf, soft hard)

Word sound pattern is a sequence of squares - symbols laid out in the same order as sounds in a word.

HOW TO DO WITH A CHILD SOUND ANALYSIS OF THE WORD?

Sound analysis performed by sequential voice selection sounds in a word and their characteristics.

Let's do sound analysis of the word HOUSE:

dd-om - first sound D - it is a consonant, voiced, solid - let's designate it with a blue square with a bell.

d - oooh - m - second sound Oh - he

vowel - denote it with a red square.

to - mmm - third sound M - he is a consonant, voiced, solid - we denote it with a blue square with a bell.

IN word HOUSE 3 sounds, 2 consonants and 1 vowel.

Consonants D and M sounds.

Vowel sound Oh.

Let's call sounds in order: HOUSE.

Let's write word in letters:HOUSE

SOUND ANALYSIS OF THE WORD KIT

kkkk - it - the first sound ky - consonant, deaf, soft, denoted by a green square.

IN word whale 3 sounds: 2 consonants and 1 vowel. Consonants Кь and Т. Vowel I. Let's call sounds in order, I, T.

HINT FOR PARENTS.

Letters denoting voiced sounds:

M, B, D, D, N, C, F, L, R, Z, Y.

Letters denoting deaf sounds:

P, K, X, T, F, W, S, H, W, C.

Voiced or deaf sound children determine by putting their hand on their throat. If during pronunciation sound"throat ringing" - sonorous sound. If "does not ring"- deaf

Letters denoting always solid sounds: W, F, C.

Letters denoting always soft sounds: W, H, Y.

The remaining letters can represent two sound hard and soft: T and T, P and P, K and K, D and D, etc.

Softness and hardness sounds of children

determined by ear:

GROUND - the sound is soft.

CHALK - l sound solid.

CAT - sound K solid.

KIT - sound q soft.

Parents can control the following way:

If A, O, U, Y, E are written after a consonant letter, then it means a solid sound.

If the letter E, E, Yu, I are written after the consonant letter, then it means soft sound.

Sounds E, Yo, Yu, I - does not happen, these are vowels denoting the softness of the consonant in writing.

Voiced consonants sounds at the end of words in speech are stunned and replaced by double deaf: D - T, G - K, B - P, F - W, V - F, Z - S.

We write ICE - we say [YOT]

We write KNIFE - we say [NOSH]

We write SNOW - we speak [SNEK]

The letters E, Yo, Yu, I, standing in word after a consonant denote respectively E sounds, O, U, A.

All this must be taken into account when sound analysis of the word.